Section 31.23 - Criminal penalties(a) Section 223 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, provides for criminal sanctions for willful violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy to violate, any regulation issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o of the Act. For purposes of section 223, all the regulations in part 31 are issued under one or more of sections 161b, 161i, or 161o, except for the sections listed in paragraph (b) of this section.(b) The regulations in part 31 that are not issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o for the purposes of section 223 are as follows: §§ 31.1 , 31.2 , 31.4 , 31.9 , 31.22 , and 31.23 .57 FR 55073, Nov. 24, 1992. Redesignated at 72 FR 55927, Oct. 1, 2007, and amended at 77 FR 43690, July 25, 2012