Section 2281 - Determination of Suitability(a) General. The panel shall first determine whether a prisoner is suitable for release on parole. Regardless of the length of time served, a life prisoner shall be found unsuitable for and denied parole if in the judgment of the panel the prisoner will pose an unreasonable risk of danger to society if released from prison.(b) Information Considered. All relevant, reliable information available to the panel shall be considered in determining suitability for parole. Such information shall include the circumstances of the prisoner's: social history; past and present mental state; past criminal history, including involvement in other criminal misconduct which is reliably documented; the base and other commitment offenses, including behavior before, during and after the crime; past and present attitude toward the crime; any conditions of treatment or control, including the use of special conditions under which the prisoner may safely be released to the community; and any other information which bears on the prisoner's suitability for release. Circumstances which taken alone may not firmly establish unsuitability for parole may contribute to a pattern which results in a finding of unsuitability.(c) Circumstances Tending to Show Unsuitability. The following circumstances each tend to indicate unsuitability for release. These circumstances are set forth as general guidelines; the importance attached to any circumstance or combination of circumstances in a particular case is left to the judgment of the panel. Circumstances tending to indicate unsuitability include: (1) Commitment Offense. The prisoner committed the offense in an especially heinous, atrocious or cruel manner. The factors to be considered include: (A) Multiple victims were attacked, injured or killed in the same or separate incidents.(B) The offense was carried out in a dispassionate and calculated manner, such as an execution-style murder.(C) The victim was abused, defiled or mutilated during or after the offense.(D) The offense was carried out in a manner which demonstrates an exceptionally callous disregard for human suffering.(E) The motive for the crime is inexplicable or very trivial in relation to the offense.(2) Previous Record of Violence. The prisoner on previous occasions inflicted or attempted to inflict serious injury on a victim, particularly if the prisoner demonstrated serious assaultive behavior at an early age.(3) Unstable Social History. The prisoner has a history of unstable or tumultuous relationships with others.(4) Sadistic Sexual Offenses. The prisoner has previously sexually assaulted another in a manner calculated to inflict unusual pain or fear upon the victim.(5) Psychological Factors. The prisoner has a lengthy history of severe mental problems related to the offense.(6) Institutional Behavior. The prisoner has engaged in serious misconduct in prison or jail.(d) Circumstances Tending to Show Suitability. The following circumstances each tend to show that the prisoner is suitable for release. The circumstances are set forth as general guidelines; the importance attached to any circumstance or combination of circumstances in a particular case is left to the judgment of the panel. Circumstances tending to indicate suitability include:(1) No Juvenile Record. The prisoner does not have a record of assaulting others as a juvenile or committing crimes with a potential of personal harm to victims.(2) Stable Social History. The prisoner has experienced reasonably stable relationships with others.(3) Signs of Remorse. The prisoner performed acts which tend to indicate the presence of remorse, such as attempting to repair the damage, seeking help for or relieving suffering of the victim, or the prisoner has given indications that he understands the nature and magnitude of the offense.(4) Motivation for Crime. The prisoner committed his crime as the result of significant stress in his life, especially if the stress had built over a long period of time.(5) Battered Woman Syndrome. At the time of the commission of the crime, the prisoner suffered from Battered Woman Syndrome, as defined in section 2000(b), and it appears the criminal behavior was the result of that victimization.(6) Lack of Criminal History. The prisoner lacks any significant history of violent crime.(7) Age. The prisoner's present age reduces the probability of recidivism.(8) Understanding and Plans for Future. The prisoner has made realistic plans for release or has developed marketable skills that can be put to use upon release.(9) Institutional Behavior. Institutional activities indicate an enhanced ability to function within the law upon release.Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 15, § 2281
1. Amendment of subsection (c) filed 6-28-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 26).
2. Amendment of subsection (d)(7) filed 5-1-80; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 80, No. 18).
3. New subsection (d)(5), subsection renumbering, and amendment of NOTE filed 3-16-2001 as an emergency; operative 3-16-2001 (Register 2001, No. 11). A Certificate of Compliance must be transmitted to OAL by 7-16-2001 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
4. Certificate of Compliance as to 3-16-2001 order transmitted to OAL 7-16-2001 and filed 8-20-2001 (Register 2001, No. 34). Note: Authority cited: Sections 3041, 3052 and 5076.2, Penal Code. Reference: Sections 3041 and 4801, Penal Code.
1. Amendment of subsection (c) filed 6-28-79; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 79, No. 26).
2. Amendment of subsection (d)(7) filed 5-1-80; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 80, No. 18).
3. New subsection (d)(5), subsection renumbering, and amendment of Note filed 3-16-2001 as an emergency; operative 3-16-2001 (Register 2001, No. 11). A Certificate of Compliance must be transmitted to OAL by 7-16-2001 or emergency language will be repealed by operation of law on the following day.
4. Certificate of Compliance as to 3-16-2001 order transmitted to OAL 7-16-2001 and filed 8-20-2001 (Register 2001, No. 34).