007.14.12 Ark. Code R. 002
Act 96 of 1913, Act 8 of Second Extraordinary Special Session of 1961, as Amended.
Every person possessing a reportable source of radiation shall register in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations.
All communications concerning these Regulations shall be addressed to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section, 4815 West Markham Street, Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
In addition to the requirements of this Section, all registrants are subject to the applicable provisions of other Sections of these Regulations.
The following constitute reportable sources of radiation: radiation machines, except when not installed in such manner as to be capable of producing radiation.
Every person who possesses a reportable source of radiation on January 1, 1963 shall register with the Department prior to April 1, 1963. Every person not already registered who acquires possession of a reportable source of radiation subsequent to January 1, 1963 shall register with the Department within thirty (30) days of the date of acquisition.
Every person possessing a registered source of radiation shall renew such registration with the Department during December of each year for the following year, as long as the activity requiring such registration continues and at such other times as the Department shall deem necessary.
Registration and renewal shall be made on forms furnished by the Department. The registration or renewal of registration shall set forth all applicable information called for by the form.
Every person who registers shall complete a separate registration form for each installation.
If the reporting of each installation or other information called for is impractical, the Department, upon the request of a registrant, may approve registration in such special form as the Department may prescribe.
Within ten (10) days of change, the registrant shall report in writing to the Department any change in the name or address of the registrant or location of the installation, receipt, sale or disposal of any reportable source of radiation. In the case of disposition of the machine, such notification should specify the recipient of the machine.
Every registrant who permanently discontinues the use of, or permanently disposes of, all his reportable sources of radiation at an installation shall notify the Department within ten (10) days of such action.
This Part provides for the registration of persons providing radiation machine installation, servicing and/or vendor services to licensees or registrants.
Each individual who is engaged in the business of installing or offering to install radiation machines, or is engaged in the business of furnishing or offering to furnish radiation machine servicing or services in this state to a Department registrant, shall apply for registration of such services with the Department on July 1, 1983 or thereafter, prior to furnishing or offering to furnish any such services.
Registration and renewal shall be completed on forms furnished by the Department and shall contain all information required by the Department as indicated on the forms and accompanying instructions.
Each person applying for registration under this Part shall specify the training and experience that qualify the individual to discharge the services for which the individual is applying for registration.
Each registrant described in this Part shall not provide the services until such persons provide evidence that they have been registered with the Department. For the purpose of this Part, services may include but shall not be limited to:
The following materials and devices do not require registration:
Common and contract carriers are exempt from the requirement to register to the extent that they transport or store reportable sources of radiation in the regular course of their carriage for another or storage incident thereto.
Any person possessing a radiation machine that is a reportable source of radiation or who provides radiation machine installations and/or services shall be subject to the requirements of Section 3 of these Regulations, "Standards for Protection Against Radiation."
Each person who possesses a reportable source of radiation shall keep records showing the receipt (for any source received after January 1, 1963), transfer or disposal of such source of radiation. Additional record requirements are specified elsewhere in these Regulations.
The Department or its duly authorized representatives shall for reasonable cause have the power to enter at all reasonable times upon any private or public property for the purpose of determining whether or not there is compliance with or violation of the provisions of these rules and regulations, except that entry into areas under the jurisdiction of the federal government shall be effected only with the concurrence of the federal government or its duly designated representative.
Each registrant shall, upon reasonable notice, make available for inspection by the Department records kept by the registrant pertaining to his receipt, possession, use, transfer or disposal of sources of radiation.
Upon instruction from the Department, each registrant shall perform or cause to have performed and shall permit the Department to perform, such reasonable tests as the Department deems appropriate or necessary in the administration of the regulation, including, but not limited to, tests of:
The Department may, by rule, regulation or order, impose upon any registrant such requirements in addition to those established in this Regulation as it deems appropriate or necessary to minimize danger to public health and safety or property.
Whenever any radiation machine is brought into the state for any temporary use, the persons proposing to bring such a machine into the state shall give written notice to the Department at least two (2) days before such a machine enters the state. The notice shall include the type of radiation machine; the nature, duration and scope of use; and the exact location where the radiation machine is to be used and state(s) in which this machine is registered.
If for a specific case, the two (2) day period would impose an undue hardship on the person, upon application to the Department, permission to proceed sooner may be granted. In addition, the out-of-state person must:
In accordance with Arkansas Code Annotated § 20-21-217, annual fees for registration shall be paid. Nonpayment of fees shall result in escalated enforcement action and/or revocation of registration.
In accordance with Arkansas Code Annotated § 20-21-217, X-ray Registration Fees are as follows:
No hand-held fluoroscopic screen shall be used.
No shoe-fitting device or shoe-fitting machine which uses fluoroscopic, x-ray or radiation principles shall be operated or maintained in this state.
Any person violating the provisions of these Regulations shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction shall be punished by a fine of not less than fifty dollars ($50.00) and not more than five hundred dollars ($500.00), and each day that such violation shall continue shall constitute a separate offense.
Sources of radiation shall be subject to impounding pursuant to Section 5 of these Regulations.
(FOOTNOTES APPEAR AT THE END OF THIS SECTION)
The provisions of these Regulations shall become operative on the effective date of an agreement executed by the State of Arkansas and the Federal Government under the provisions of Section 274 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (73 Stat. 689).
In accordance with Act 596 of 2011, codified at Arkansas Code Annotated § 20-21-217, annual fees for licensing shall be paid. Nonpayment of fees shall result in escalated enforcement action and/or revocation of license.
The following Radioactive Material Fees are based upon 15% of the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Federal Fiscal Year 2012 annual fees found in 10 CFR 171.16.
CATEGORY | CODE | FEE |
Academic Broad Scope | 01120 | $2,115.00 |
Academic R&D | 03620 | $1,215.00 |
Accelerator Produced Radionuclides | 03210 | $2,280.00 |
Consultant Services | 03225 | $2,145.00 |
Eye Applicator (Sr-90) | 02210 | $1,260.00 |
Gamma Knife | 02310 | $2,625.00 |
Gas Chromatographs | 03123 | $720.00 |
High Dose Rate Remote Afterloader | 02230 | $1,260.00 |
Industrial Radiography | 03310 | $3,855.00 |
Instrument Calibration | 03221; 03222 | $720.00 |
In-vitro Testing | 02410 | $720.00 |
Irradiators - Activity < 10,000 Curies | 03511 | $2,280.00 |
Irradiators - Activity 10,000 Curies | 03521 | $20,625.00 |
Irradiators - Self-shielded | 03510 | $1,305.00 |
Manufacturing & Distributing | 03214 | $1,770.00 |
Measuring Systems - Analytical Devices | 03122 | $720.00 |
Measuring Systems - Fixed Gauge | 03120 | $720.00 |
Measuring Systems - Portable Gauge | 03121 | $720.00 |
Medical Broad Scope | 02110 | $6,810.00 |
Medical Facility - No Written Directive Required | 02121 | $1,260.00 |
Medical Facility - Written Directive Required | 02120 | $1,260.00 |
Medical Private Practice | 02200; 02201 | $1,260.00 |
Medical Therapy | 02240 | $1,260.00 |
Mobile Medical Services | 02231 | $1,260.00 |
Nuclear Pharmacy | 02500 | $2,430.00 |
Veterinary | 02400 | $720.00 |
Well Logging - Including Tracers | 03110; 03111; 03112 | $1,500.00 |
Other Radioactive Material (non-NORM) Decommissioning | $5,000.00 |
CATEGORY | FEE |
Particle accelerator, non-medical | $200.00 |
Medical, therapy, non-hospital unit | $250.00 per unit ($175.00 for each additional unit) |
Particle accelerator, medical, non-hospital unit | $450.00 per unit ($300.00 for each additional unit) |
Cyclotron/accelerator for the production of radioactive material | $3,750.00 |
CATEGORY | FEE |
Certain measuring, gauging, and controlling devices | $720.00 |
Generally licensed gas chromatographs | $720.00 |
Static elimination devices | $125.00 |
Source material devices | $500.00 |
Devices containing depleted uranium | $500.00 |
Public safety devices containing radioactive material | $25.00 |
All other general license registrations other than those specified above | $300.00 |
Portable and fixed gauges | $1,125.00 |
CATEGORY | FEE |
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) License | $2,500.00 |
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Site - General License | $500.00 |
Arkansas State Board of Health Rules and Regulations for Control of Sources of Ionizing | $0.00 for first copy $30.00 for each additional copy |
Radiation | |
Amendment to existing license | $50.00 per amendment |
CATEGORY | FEE |
Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Decommissioning | $2,500.00 |
Other Radioactive Material (non-NORM) Decommissioning | $5,000.00 |
Radiography, Field | $3,855.00 |
Well Logging with Sealed Sources Only | $1,500.00 |
Well Logging with Tracer Studies | $1,500.00 |
Nuclear Gauge | $720.00 |
Consultant | $2,145.00 |
Gas Chromatograph, Lead Paint Analyzer | $720.00 |
All communications concerning these Regulations shall be addressed to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
Research and Development used in these Regulations does not include the internal or external administration of radiation or radioactive material to human beings.
For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination shall not exceed "1" (i.e., unity). For example, the following quantities in combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula, as follows:
175 (grams contained U-235) + 50 (grams U-233) + 50 (grams Pu) = 1 350 200 200
Except for persons who manufacture, process, produce, or initially transfer for sale or distribution self-luminous products containing tritium, krypton-85 or promethium-147, any person is exempt from these Regulations to the extent that such person receives, possesses, uses, transfers, owns, or acquires tritium, krypton-85 or promethium-147 in self-luminous products manufactured, processed, produced, or initially transferred in accordance with a specific license issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission pursuant to 10 CFR 32.22, which license authorizes the transfer of the product to persons who are exempt from regulatory requirements or equivalent regulations of an Agreement State. The exemption in RH-301.e. does not apply to tritium, krypton-85 or promethium-147 used in products primarily for frivolous purposes or in toys or adornments.
Any person is exempt from these Regulations to the extent that such person receives, possesses, uses, transfers, or owns articles containing less than 0.1 μCi (3.7 kBq) of radium-226 which were manufactured prior to November 30, 2007.
Common and contract carriers, freight forwarders and warehousemen operating within this state are exempt from these Regulations to the extent that they transport or store sources of radiation in the regular course of their carriage for another or storage incident thereto.
Commission Contractors.
Any U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contractor or subcontractor and any U.S. Nuclear of Regulatory Commission (NRC) contractor or subcontractor of the following categories operating within this state is exempt from these Regulations to the extent that such contractor or subcontractor under his contract receives, possesses, uses, transfers or acquires sources of radiation:
The Department may, upon application therefore or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions or exceptions from the requirements of these Regulations as it determines are authorized by law and will not result in undue hazard to public health and safety or property.
Licenses for radioactive materials are of two (2) types: general and specific.
General License - provided by regulation, grants authority to a person for certain activities involving radioactive material, and is effective without the filing of an application with the Department or the issuance of a licensing document to a particular person. However, registration with the Department may be required by the particular general license.
Specific License - issued to a named person who has filed an application with the Department for the license under the provisions of these Regulations.
NOTE:Different general licenses are issued in this section, each of which has its own specific conditions and requirements.
NOTE:Persons possessing radioactive material in devices under a general
license in RH-402.a. before January 15, 1975, may continue to possess, use, or transfer that material in accordance with the labeling requirements of RH-402.a. devices in effect on January 14, 1975.
A general license is hereby issued to commercial and industrial firms and research, educational and medical institutions, individuals in the conduct of their business, and Federal, State or local government agencies to acquire, receive, possess, use or transfer, in accordance with the provisions of RH-402.b., c. and d., radioactive material contained in devices designed and manufactured for the purpose of detecting, measuring, gauging or controlling thickness, density, level, interface location, radiation, leakage, or qualitative or quantitative chemical composition, or for producing light or an ionized atmosphere.
The general license in RH-402.a. applies only to radioactive material contained in devices which have been manufactured or initially transferred and labeled in accordance with the specifications contained in:
The device and any radioactive material from the device may only be disposed of by transfer to a person authorized by a specific license to receive the radioactive material in the device or as otherwise approved by the Department. A report containing a brief description of the event and the remedial action taken; and, in the case of detection of 0.005 microcurie or more removable radioactive material or failure of or damage to a source likely to result in contamination of the premises or the environs, a plan for ensuring that the premises and environs are acceptable for unrestricted use, must be furnished within thirty (30) days to:
Arkansas Department of Health
Radiation Control Section
ATTN: General License Registration Program
4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867
Under these circumstances, the criteria set out in RH-1216., ''Radiological Criteria for Unrestricted Use,'' may be applicable, as determined by the Department on a case-by-case basis;
Arkansas Department of Health
Radiation Control Section
ATTN: General License Registration Program
4815 West Markham Street, Slot 30
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867
The report must contain:
Arkansas Department of Health
Radiation Control Section
ATTN: General License Registration Program
4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867
Arkansas Department of Health
Radiation Control Section
Attention: General License Registration Program
4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867
within thirty (30) days of the effective date of the change. For a portable device, a report of address change is only required for a change in the device's primary place of storage.
Luminous safety devices in aircraft.
A general license is hereby issued to own, receive, acquire, possess and use Tritium or Promethium-147 contained in luminous safety devices for use in aircraft, provided each device contains not more than ten (10) curies of Tritium or 300 millicuries of Promethium-147 and that each device has been manufactured, assembled or imported in accordance with a specific license issued by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or each device has been manufactured or assembled in accordance with the specifications contained in a specific license or equivalent licensing document issued by the Department or any Agreement State to the manufacturer or assembler of such device pursuant to licensing requirements equivalent to those in Section 32.53 of 10 CFR Part 32.
Calibration and reference sources.
A general license is hereby issued to those persons listed below to own, receive, acquire, possess, use, and transfer, in accordance with provisions of subparagraphs 4. and 5. of this paragraph g., Americium-241 in the form of calibration or reference sources:
"The receipt, possession, use and transfer of this source,
Model ______, Serial No. ______, are subject to a general
license and the regulations of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or of a State with which the Commission has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory authority. Do not remove this label.
CAUTION-RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL-THIS SOURCE CONTAINS AMERICIUM-241 (or PLUTONIUM, or RADIUM, as appropriate). DO NOT TOUCH RADIOACTIVE PORTION OF THIS SOURCE.
(name of manufacturer or importer)"
A general license is hereby issued to own radioactive material without regard to quantity. Notwithstanding any other provisions of these Regulations, this general license does not authorize the manufacture, production, transfer, receipt, possession or use of radioactive material.
A general license is hereby issued to any common or contract carrier to transport and store radioactive material in the regular course of their carriage for another or storage incident thereto, provided the transportation and storage is in accordance with the applicable requirements of these Regulations, appropriate to the mode of transport; and of the U.S. Department of Transportation insofar as such regulations relate to the loading and storage of packages, placarding of the transporting vehicle and incident reporting.7/ Persons who transport and store radioactive material pursuant to the general license in this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of Section 3 of these Regulations.
"This radioactive material may be received, acquired, possessed and used only by physicians, veterinarians in the practice of veterinary medicine, clinical laboratories or hospitals and only for in vitro clinical or laboratory tests not involving internal or external administration of the material or the radiation therefrom, to human beings or animals. Its receipt, acquisition, possession, use and transfer are subject to the regulations and a general license of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or of a State with which the Commission has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory authority.
(name of manufacturer)"
A general license is hereby issued to transfer, receive, acquire, own, possess, and use radioactive material incorporated in the following devices or equipment which have been manufactured, tested, and labeled by the manufacturer in accordance with a specific license issued to the manufacturer by the NRC or an Agreement State for use pursuant to 10 CFR 32.14. This general license is subject to the provisions of RH-60., RH-301.a.2, RH-409., RH-416., RH-500., RH-501., RH-600., RH-601., RH-602., RH-700., RH-751., RH-4012., Section 36/, and Section 4 of these Regulations, as applicable.
Devices designed for use as static eliminators which contain, as a sealed source or sources, radioactive material consisting of a total of not more than 500 microcuries (18.5 MBq) of polonium-210 per device.
Devices designed for ionization of air which contain, as a sealed source or sources, radioactive material consisting of a total of not more than 500 microcuries (18.5 MBq) of polonium-210 per device or a total of not more than 50 millicuries (1.85 GBq) of hydrogen-3 (tritium) per device.
A brief description of the licensee's facility and area near the site.
An identification of each type of radioactive materials accident for which protective actions may be needed.
A system for classifying each accident as "alert" or "site area emergency."
Identification of the means of detecting each type of accident in a timely manner.
A brief description of the means and equipment for mitigating the consequences of each type of accident, including those provided to protect workers onsite, and a description of the program for maintaining the equipment.
A brief description of the methods and equipment to assess releases of radioactive materials.
A brief description of the responsibilities of licensee personnel should an accident occur, including identification of personnel responsible for promptly notifying offsite response organizations and the Department; also responsibilities for developing, maintaining, and updating the plan.
A commitment to and a brief description of the means to promptly notify offsite response organizations and request offsite assistance, including medical assistance for the treatment of contaminated injured onsite workers when appropriate. A control point must be established. The notification and coordination must be planned so that unavailability of some personnel, parts of the facility, and some equipment will not prevent the notification and coordination. The licensee shall also commit to notify the Department immediately and ensure notification of other appropriate offsite response organizations and not later than one hour after the licensee declares an emergency.
A brief description of the types of information regarding facility status, radioactive releases and, if necessary, recommended protective actions.
A brief description of the frequency, performance objectives and plans for the training that the licensee will provide workers on how to respond to an emergency including any special instructions and orientation tours the licensee would offer to fire, police, medical and other emergency personnel. The training shall familiarize personnel with site-specific emergency procedures.
Also, the training shall thoroughly prepare site personnel for their responsibilities in the event of accident scenarios postulated as most probable for the specific site, including the use of team training for such scenarios.
A brief description of the means of restoring the facility to a safe condition after an accident.
Provisions for conducting quarterly communications checks with offsite response organizations and biennial onsite exercises to test response to simulated emergencies. Quarterly communications checks with offsite response organizations must include the check and update of all necessary telephone numbers. The licensee shall invite offsite response organizations to participate in the biennial exercises. Participation of offsite response organizations in biennial exercises, although recommended, is not required. Exercises must use accident scenarios postulated as most probable for the specific site; the scenarios shall not be known to most exercise participants.
The licensee shall critique each exercise using individuals not having direct implementation responsibility for the plan. Critiques of exercises must evaluate the appropriateness of the plan, emergency procedures, facilities, equipment, training of personnel, and overall effectiveness of the response. Deficiencies found by the critiques must be corrected.
A certification that the applicant has met its responsibilities under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, Title III, Public Law 99-499, if applicable to the applicant's activities at the proposed place of use of the radioactive material.
The Department may, upon application therefore or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions or exceptions from the requirements of these Regulations as it determines are authorized by law and will not result in undue hazard to public health and safety or to property.
The Department may, by order, impose upon any licensee or registrant such requirements, issued in furtherance of these Regulations, as it deems appropriate or necessary to protect health or minimize danger to life or property.
In addition to satisfying the requirements set forth in Part D, RH-404., an application for a specific license to manufacture or initially transfer devices containing radioactive material, excluding special nuclear material, to persons generally licensed under RH-402.a. or equivalent regulations of the NRC or an Agreement State will be approved if:
Part of body Dose in rem | |
Whole body; head and trunk; active blood-forming organs; gonads; or lens of eye | 15 |
Hands and forearms; feet and ankles; localized areas of skin averaged over areas no larger than one (1) square centimeter | 200 |
Other organs | 50 |
"Thereceipt,possession,useandtransferofthis
device Model ______, 9/ Serial No. _____ ,9/ are subject
to a general license or the equivalent and the regulations of the U.S. NRC or of a State with which the NRC has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory authority. This label shall be maintained on the device in a legible condition. Removal of this label is prohibited.
CAUTION - RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
(name of manufacturer or initial transferor)"
Each person licensed under RH-405.e. to initially transfer devices to generally licensed persons shall comply with the requirements of this subparagraph.
A specific license for use of sealed sources in industrial radiography will be issued only if:
No person may introduce radioactive material into a product or material knowing or having reason to believe that it will be transferred to persons exempt under RH-301.a., or equivalent regulations of an Agreement State, except in accordance with a license issued pursuant to 10 CFR 32.11.
An application for a specific license to manufacture, assemble or repair luminous safety devices containing Tritium or Promethium-147 for use in aircraft, for distribution to persons generally licensed under RH-402.f. will be approved if:
An applicant for a license pursuant to RH-405.i. shall, for any type of source which is designed to contain more than 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) of americium-241, plutonium, or radium-226, conduct prototype tests, in the order listed, on each of five prototypes of such source, which contains more than 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) of americium-241, plutonium, or radium-226, as follows:
Each person licensed under RH-405.i.. shall affix to each source, or storage container for the source, a label which shall contain sufficient information relative to safe use and storage of the source and shall include the following statement or a substantially similar statement which contains the information called for in the following statement:10/
The receipt, possession, use and transfer of this source, Model __, Serial No. __, are subject to a general license and the regulations of the NRC or an Agreement State. Do not remove this label.
CAUTION-RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL THIS SOURCE CONTAINS AMERICIUM-241 [PLUTONIUM OR RADIUM-226]. DO NOT TOUCH RADIOACTIVE PORTION OF THIS SOURCE.
_________________________________
Name of manufacturer or initial transferor
Each person licensed under RH-405.i. shall perform a dry wipe test upon each source containing more than 0.1 microcuries (3.7 kBq) of americium-241, plutonium, or radium-226 prior to transferring the source to a general licensee under RH-402.g. This test shall be performed by wiping the entire radioactive surface of the source with a filter paper with the application of moderate finger pressure. The radioactivity on the paper shall be measured by using radiation detection instrumentation capable of detecting 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) of americium-241, plutonium, or radium-226. If any such test discloses more than 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) of radioactive material, the source shall be deemed to be leaking or losing americium-241, plutonium, or radium-226 and shall not be transferred to a general licensee under RH-402.g. or equivalent regulations of an Agreement State.
certain in vitro clinical or laboratory testing under general license.
An application for a specific license to manufacture or distribute radioactive material for use under the general license of RH-402.k. will be approved if:
"This radioactive material may be received, acquired, possessed and used only by physicians, veterinarians, clinical laboratories or hospitals and only for in vitro clinical or laboratory tests not involving internal or external administration of the material or the radiation therefrom, to human beings or animals. Its receipt, acquisition, possession, use and transfer are subject to the regulations and a general license of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or of a State with which the Commission has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory authority.
(name of manufacturer)"
An application for a specific license to manufacture and distribute ice detection devices to persons generally licensed under RH-402.i. will be approved if:
"CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL"
or
"DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL";
the name of the radioactive drug or its abbreviation; and the quantity of radioactivity at a specified date and time. For radioactive drugs with a half life greater than 100 (one hundred) days, the time may be omitted.
"CAUTION, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL"
or
"DANGER, RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL"
and an identifier that ensures that the syringe, vial, or other container can be correlated with the information on the transport radiation shield label.
Each license issued under RH-405.o. is subject to the following conditions:
"Radioactive Material. For "In Vivo" Diagnostic Use Only. This Material Is Not To Be Used For Research Involving Human Subjects and Must Not Be Introduced into Foods, Beverages, Cosmetics, or Other Drugs or Medicinals, or into Products Manufactured For Commercial Distribution. This Material May Be Disposed of in Ordinary Trash."
Arkansas Department of Health Radiation Control Section Attention: Radioactive Materials Program 4815 West Markham Street, Slot #30 Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
This section prescribes requirements for the issuance of specific licenses of broad scope for radioactive material ("broad licenses")11/ and certain regulations governing holders of such licenses.
An application to receive from others, possess and dispose of wastes containing or contaminated with radioactive material by land disposal must consist of general information, specific technical information, institutional information and financial information as set forth in this paragraph. An environmental report prepared in accordance with Subpart A of 10 CFR Part 51 must accompany the application.
The description must also include a description of the methods to be employed in the handling and disposal of wastes containing chelating agents or other non-radiological substances that might affect meeting the performance objectives in RH-407.c.
The specific technical information must also include the following analyses needed to demonstrate that the performance objectives of RH-407.c. will be met:
The analyses must clearly identify and differentiate between the roles performed by the natural disposal site characteristics and design features in isolating and segregating the wastes.
The analyses must clearly demonstrate that there is reasonable assurance that the exposure to humans from the release of radioactivity will not exceed the limits set forth in RH-407.c.2.
Following closure and the period of post-closure observation and maintenance, the licensee may apply for an amendment to transfer the license to the disposal site owner. The license shall be transferred when the Department finds:
Land disposal facilities must be sited, designed, operated, closed and controlled after closure so that reasonable assurance exists that exposures to humans are within the limits established in the performance objectives in RH-407.c.2. through 5.
Concentrations of radioactive material which may be released to the general environment in ground water, surface water, air, soil, plants or animals must not result in an annual dose exceeding an equivalent of 25 millirems to the whole body, 75 millirems to the thyroid and 25 millirems to any other organ of any member of the public. Reasonable effort should be made to maintain releases of radioactivity in effluents to the general environment as low as is reasonably achievable.
Design, operation and closure of the land disposal facility must ensure protection of any individual inadvertently intruding into the disposal site and occupying the site or contacting the waste at any time after active institutional controls over the disposal site are removed.
Operations at the land disposal facility must be conducted in compliance with the standards for radiation protection set out in Section 3 of these Regulations, except for releases of radioactivity in effluents from the land disposal facility which shall be governed by RH-407.c.2. Every reasonable effort shall be made to maintain radiation exposures as low as is reasonably achievable.
The disposal facility must be sited, designed, used, operated and closed to achieve long-term stability of the disposal site and to eliminate to the extent practicable the need for ongoing active maintenance of the disposal site following closure so that only surveillance, monitoring or minor custodial care are required.
Determination of the classification of radioactive waste involves two considerations. First, consideration must be given to the concentration of long-lived radionuclides (and their shorter-lived precursors) whose potential hazard will persist long after such precautions as institutional controls, improved waste form and deeper disposal have ceased to be effective. These precautions delay the time when long-lived radionuclides could cause exposures. In addition, the magnitude of the potential dose is limited by the concentration and availability of the radionuclide at the time of exposure. Second, consideration must be given to the concentration of shorter-lived radionuclides for which requirements on institutional controls, waste form and disposal methods are effective.
If radioactive waste contains only radionuclides listed in Table 1 to RH-407., classification shall be determined as follows:
TABLE 1 TO RH-407.
Radionuclide | Concentration (Curies per cubic meter) |
C-14 | 8 |
C-14 in activated metal | 80 |
Ni-59 in activated metal | 220 |
Nb-94 in activated metal | 0.2 |
Tc-99 | 3 |
I-129 | 0.08 |
Alpha emitting transuranic nuclides with half-life greater than five years | 100a |
Pu-241 | 3500a |
Cm-252 | 20000a |
a Units are nanocuries per gram.
If radioactive waste does not contain any of the radionuclides listed in Table 1, classification shall be determined based on the concentrations shown in Table 2 to RH-407. However, as specified in RH-407.d.6.E. of this section, if radioactive waste does not contain any nuclides listed in either Table 1 or 2, it is Class A.
TABLE 2 TO RH-407.
Radionuclide | Concentration (Curies per cubic meter) | ||
Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | |
Total of all nuclides less than 5 year half-life | 700 | (a) | (a) |
H-3 | 40 | (a) | (a) |
Co-60 | 700 | (a) | (a) |
Ni-63 | 3.5 | 70 | 700 |
Ni-63 in activated metal | 35 | 700 | 7000 |
Sr-90 | 0.04 | 150 | 7000 |
Cs-137 | 1 | 44 | 4600 |
a There are no limits established for these radionuclides in Class B or C wastes. Practical consideration such as the effects of external radiation and internal heat generation on transportation, handling, and disposal will limit the concentrations for these wastes. These wastes shall be Class B unless the concentrations of other nuclides in Table 2 determine the waste to be Class C independent of these nuclides.
If radioactive waste contains a mixture of radionuclides, some of which are listed in Table 1 and some of which are listed in Table 2, classification shall be determined as follows:
If radioactive waste does not contain any nuclides listed in either Table 1 or 2, it is Class A.
For determining classification for waste that contains a mixture of radionuclides, it is necessary to determine the sum of fractions by dividing each nuclide's concentration by the appropriate limit and adding the resulting values. The appropriate limits must all be taken from the same column of the same table. The sum of the fractions for the column must be less than 1.0 if the waste class is to be determined by that column.
Example: A waste contains Sr-90 in a concentration of 50 Ci/m3 and Cs-137 in a concentration of 22 Ci/m3. Since the concentrations both exceed the values in Column1, Table 2, they must be compared to Column 2 values. For Sr-90 fraction, 50/150 = 0.33; for Cs-137 fraction, 22/44 = 0.5; the sum of the fractions = 0.83. Since the sum is less than 1.0, the waste is Class B.
The concentration of a radionuclide may be determined by indirect methods such as use of scaling factors which relate the inferred concentration of one radionuclide to another that is measured, or radionuclide material accountability, if there is reasonable assurance that the indirect methods can be correlated with actual measurements. The concentration of a radionuclide may be averaged over the volume of the waste or weight of the waste if the units are expressed as nanocuries per gram.
Disposal of radioactive waste received from other persons may be permitted only on land owned in fee by the Federal or a State government.
The land owner or custodial agency shall carry out an institutional control program to physically control access to the disposal site following transfer of control of the disposal site from the disposal site operator. The institutional control program must also include, but not be limited to, carrying out an environmental monitoring program at the disposal site, periodic surveillance, minor custodial care and other requirements as determined by the Department, and administration of funds to cover the costs for these activities. The period of institutional controls will be determined by the Department, but institutional controls may not be relied upon for more than 100 years following transfer of control of the disposal site to the owner.
Licensees required to submit the $1,125,000 amount must do so by December 2, 2006. Licensees required to submit the $113,000 or $225,000 amount must do so by June 2, 2007. Licensees having possession limits exceeding the upper bounds of this table must base financial assurance on a decommissioning funding plan.
Greater than 104 but less than or equal to 105 times the applicable quantities in Appendix B to Section 3 in unsealed form. (For a combination of isotopes, if R, as defined in RH-409.h.1., divided by 104 is greater than 1 but R divided by 105 is less than or equal to 1).......................$1,125,000
Greater than 103 but less than or equal to 104 times the applicable quantities in Appendix B to Section 3 in unsealed form. (For a combination of isotopes, if R, as defined in RH-409.h.1., divided by 103 is greater than 1 but R divided by 104 is less than or equal to 1)....................... $225,000
Greater than 1010 times the applicable quantities in Appendix B to Section 3 in sealed sources or plated foils. (For a combination of isotopes, if R, as defined in RH-409.h.1., divided by 1010 is greater than 1)........................$113,000
Prepayment is the deposit prior to the start of operation into an account segregated from licensee assets and outside the licensee's administrative control of cash or liquid assets such that the amount of funds would be sufficient to pay decommissioning costs. Prepayment may be in the form of a trust, escrow account, government fund, certificate of deposit, or deposit of government securities.
These methods guarantee that decommissioning costs will be paid. A surety method may be in the form of a surety bond, letter of credit, or line of credit. A parent company guarantee of funds for decommissioning costs based on a financial test may be used if the guarantee and test are as contained in Appendix A to Section 2. A parent company guarantee may not be used in combination with other financial methods to satisfy the requirements of this section.
For commercial corporations that issue bonds, a guarantee of funds by the applicant or licensee for decommissioning costs based on a financial test may be used if the guarantee and test are as contained in Appendix B to Section 2. For commercial corporations that do not issue bonds, a guarantee of funds by the applicant or licensee for decommissioning costs may be used if the guarantee and test are as contained in Appendix C to Section 2. For nonprofit entities, such as colleges, universities, and nonprofit hospitals, a guarantee of funds by the applicant or licensee may be used if the guarantee and test are as contained in Appendix D to Section 2.
A guarantee of funds by the applicant or licensee for decommissioning costs based on a financial test may be used if the guarantee and test are contained in Appendix B to Section 2. A guarantee by the applicant or licensee may not be used in combination with any other financial methods to satisfy the requirements of this section or in any situation where the applicant or licensee has a parent company holding majority control of the voting stock of the company. Any surety method or insurance used to provide financial assurance for decommissioning must contain the following conditions:
An external sinking fund is a fund established and maintained by setting aside funds periodically in an account segregated from licensee assets and outside the licensee's administrative control in which the total amount of funds would be sufficient to pay decommissioning costs at the time termination of operation is expected.
An external sinking fund may be in the form of a trust, escrow account, government fund, certificate of deposit, or deposit of government securities. The surety or insurance provisions must be as stated in RH-409.h.6.B.
If records important to the decommissioning of a facility are kept for other purposes, reference to these records and their locations may be used. Information the Department considers important to decommissioning consists of:
Authorization under RH-403.j. to produce Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioactive drugs for noncommercial transfer to medical use licensees in its consortium does not relieve the licensee from complying with applicable FDA, other Federal, and State requirements governing radioactive drugs.
A decommissioning plan must be submitted if required by license conditions or if the procedures and activities necessary to carry out decommissioning of the site or separate building or outdoor area have not been previously approved by the Department and these procedures could increase potential health and safety impacts to workers or to the public, such as in any of the following cases:
Except as provided in RH-410.i., licensees shall complete decommissioning of the site or separate building or outdoor area as soon as practicable but no later than twenty-four (24) months following the initiation of decommissioning.
notice to the licensee when the Department determines that:
Applications for amendment of a license shall be filed in accordance with Part D, RH-403. and shall specify the respects in which the licensee desires his license to be amended and the grounds for such amendment.
In considering an application by a licensee to renew or amend his license, the Department will apply the criteria set forth in RH-404., RH-405., and RH-406 and in Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of these Regulations, as applicable.
No license issued or granted under these Regulations and no right to possess or utilize radioactive material granted by any license issued pursuant to these Regulations shall be transferred, assigned or in any manner disposed of either voluntarily or involuntarily, directly or indirectly, through transfer of control of any license to any person unless the Department shall, after securing full information, find that the transfer is in accordance with the provisions of the Act and shall give its consent in writing.
No licensee shall transfer radioactive material except as authorized pursuant to this Part.
Any licensee may transfer radioactive material subject to acceptance by the transferee, to:
Preparation for shipment and transport of radioactive material shall be in accordance with the provisions of RH-3004. of these Regulations.
Records which must be maintained pursuant to this Section, Part I to Section 3, Part J to Section 3, and Sections 6, 7, 8, and 9 may be the original or a reproduced copy or microform if such reproduced copy or microform is duly authenticated by authorized personnel and the microform is capable of producing a clear and legible copy after storage for the period specified by Department regulations. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. Records such as letters, drawings, specifications, must include all pertinent information such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee or registrant shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.
Upon instruction from the Department, each licensee shall perform or cause to have performed and shall permit the Department to perform, such reasonable tests as the Department deems appropriate or necessary, including, but not limited to, tests of:
Any person who violates any of the provisions of the Act or rules, regulations or orders in effect pursuant thereto, of the Department, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100.00) nor more than two thousand dollars ($2,000.00) or by imprisonment for not more than six (6) months or be both fined and imprisoned.
Sources of radiation shall be subject to impounding pursuant to Section 5 of these Regulations.
The Department may, by rule, regulation or order, impose upon any licensee such requirements in addition to those established in these Regulations as it deems appropriate or necessary to minimize danger to public health and safety or property.
EXEMPT QUANTITIES
Radioactive Material | Micro-curies | Radioactive Material | Micro-curies |
Antimony-122 (Sb-122) | 100 | Europium-154 (Eu-154) | 1 |
Antimony-124 (Sb-124) | 10 | Europium-155 (Eu-155) | 10 |
Antimony-125 (Sb-125) | 10 | Fluorine-18 (F-18) | 1,000 |
Arsenic-73 (As-73) | 100 | Gadolinium-153 (Gd-153) | 10 |
Arsenic-74 (As-74) | 10 | Gadolinium-159 (Gd-159) | 100 |
Arsenic-76 (As-76) | 10 | Gallium-67 (Ga-67) | 100 |
Arsenic-77 (As-77) | 100 | Gallium-72 (Ga-72) | 10 |
Barium-131 (Ba-131) | 10 | Germanium-68 (Ge-68) | 10 |
Barium-133 (Ba-133) | 10 | Germanium-71 (Ge-71) | 100 |
Barium-140 (Ba-140) | 10 | Gold-195 (Au-195) | 10 |
Bismuth-210 (Bi-210) | 1 | Gold-198 (Au-198) | 100 |
Bromine-82 (Br-82) | 10 | Gold-199 (Au-199) | 100 |
Cadmium-109 (Cd-109) | 10 | Hafnium-181 (Hf-181) | 10 |
Cadmium-115m (Cd-115m) | 10 | Holmium-166 (Ho-166) | 100 |
Cadmium-115 (Cd-115) | 100 | Hydrogen-3 (H-3) | 1,000 |
Calcium-45 (Ca-45) | 10 | Indium-111 (In-111) | 100 |
Calcium-47 (Ca-47) | 10 | Indium-113m (In-113m) | 100 |
Carbon-14 (C-14) | 100 | Indium-114m (In-114m) | 10 |
Cerium-141 (Ce-141) | 100 | Indium-115m (In-115m) | 100 |
Cerium-143 (Ce-143) | 100 | Indium-115 (In-115) | 10 |
Cerium-144 (Ce-144) | 1 | Iodine-123 (I-123) | 100 |
Cesium-129 (Cs-129) | 100 | Iodine-125 (I-125) | 1 |
Cesium-131 (Cs-131) | 1,000 | Iodine-126 (I-126) | 1 |
Cesium-134m (Cs-134m) | 100 | Iodine-129 (I-129) | 0.1 |
Cesium-134 (Cs-134) | 1 | Iodine-131 (I-131) | 1 |
Cesium-135 (Cs-135) | 10 | Iodine-132 (I-132) | 10 |
Cesium-136 (Cs-136) | 10 | Iodine-133 (I-133) | 1 |
Cesium-137 (Cs-137) | 10 | Iodine-134 (I-134) | 10 |
Chlorine-36 (Cl-36) | 10 | Iodine-135 (I-135) | 10 |
Chlorine-38 (Cl-38) | 10 | Iridium-192 (Ir-192) | 10 |
Chromium-51 (Cr-51) | 1,000 | Iridium-194 (Ir-194) | 100 |
Cobalt-57 (Co-57) | 100 | Iron-52 (Fe-52) | 10 |
Cobalt-58m (Co-58m) | 10 | Iron-55 (Fe-55) | 100 |
Cobalt-58 (Co-58) | 10 | Iron-59 (Fe-59) | 10 |
Cobalt-60 (Co-60) | 1 | Krypton-85 (Kr-85) | 100 |
Copper-64 (Cu-64) | 100 | Krypton-87 (Kr-87) | 10 |
Dysprosium-165 (Dy-165) | 10 | Lanthanum-140 (La-140) | 10 |
Dysprosium-166 (Dy-166) | 100 | Lutetium-177 (Lu-177) | 100 |
Erbium-169 (Er-169) | 100 | Manganese-52 (Mn-52) | 10 |
Erbium-171 (Er-171) | 100 | Manganese-54 (Mn-54) | 10 |
Europium-152 (Eu-152) 9.2 h | 100 | Manganese-56 (Mn-56) | 10 |
Europium-152 (Eu-152) 13 yr | 1 | Mercury-197m (Hg-197m) | 100 |
Mercury-197 (Hg-197) | 100 | Samarium-153 (Sm-153) | 100 |
Mercury-203 (Hg-203) | 10 | Scandium-46 (Sc-46) | 10 |
Molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) | 100 | Scandium-47 (Sc-47) | 100 |
Neodymium-147 (Nd-147) | 100 | Scandium-48 (Sc-48) | 10 |
Neodymium-149 (Nd-149) | 100 | Selenium-75 (Se-75) | 10 |
Nickel-59 (Ni-59) | 100 | Silicon-31 (Si-31) | 100 |
Nickel-63 (Ni-63) | 10 | Silver-105 (Ag-105) | 10 |
Nickel-65 (Ni-65) | 100 | Silver-110m (Ag-110m) | 1 |
Niobium-93m (Nb-93m) | 10 | Silver-111 (Ag-111) | 100 |
Niobium-95 (Nb-95) | 10 | Sodium-22 (Na-22) | 10 |
Niobium-97 (Nb-97) | 10 | Sodium-24 (Na-24) | 10 |
Osmium-185 (Os-185) | 10 | Strontium-85 (Sr-85) | 10 |
Osmium-191m (Os-191m) | 100 | Strontium-89 (Sr-89) | 1 |
Osmium-191 (Os-191) | 100 | Strontium-90 (Sr-90) | 0.1 |
Osmium-193 (Os-193) | 100 | Strontium-91 (Sr-91) | 10 |
Palladium-103 (Pd-103) | 100 | Strontium-92 (Sr-92) | 10 |
Palladium-109 (Pd-109) | 100 | Sulphur-35 (S-35) | 100 |
Phosphorus-32 (P-32) | 10 | Tantalum-182 (Ta-182) | 10 |
Platinum-191 (Pt-191) | 100 | Technetium-96 (Tc-96) | 10 |
Platinum-193m (Pt-193m) | 100 | Technetium-97m (Tc-97m) | 100 |
Platinum-193 (Pt-193) | 100 | Technetium-97 (Tc-97) | 100 |
Platinum-197m (Pt-197m) | 100 | Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) | 100 |
Platinum-197 (Pt-197) | 100 | Technetium-99 (Tc-99) | 10 |
Polonium-210 (Po-210) | 0.1 | Tellurium-125m (Te-125m) | 10 |
Potassium-42 (K-42) | 10 | Tellurium-127m (Te-127m) | 10 |
Potassium-43 (K-43) | 10 | Tellurium-127 (Te-127) | 100 |
Praseodymium-142 (Pr-142) | 100 | Tellurium-129m (Te-129m) | 10 |
Praseodymium-143 (Pr-143) | 100 | Tellurium-129 (Te-129) | 100 |
Promethium-147 (Pm-147) | 10 | Tellurium-131m (Te-131m) | 10 |
Promethium-149 (Pm-149) | 10 | Tellurium-132 (Te-132) | 10 |
Rhenium-186 (Re-186) | 100 | Terbium-160 (Tb-160) | 10 |
Rhenium-188 (Re-188) | 100 | Thallium-200 (Tl-200) | 100 |
Rhodium-103m (Rh-103m) | 100 | Thallium-201 (Tl-201) | 100 |
Rhodium-105 (Rh-105) | 100 | Thallium-202 (Tl-202) | 100 |
Rubidium-81 (Rh-81) | 10 | Thallium-204 (Tl-204) | 10 |
Rubidium-86 (Rb-86) | 10 | Thulium-170 (Tm-170) | 10 |
Rubidium-87 (Rb-87) | 10 | Thulium-171 (Tm-171) | 10 |
Ruthenium-97 (Ru-97) | 100 | Tin-113 (Sn-113) | 10 |
Ruthenium-103 (Ru-103) | 10 | Tin-125 (Sn-125) | 10 |
Ruthenium-105 (Ru-105) | 10 | Tungsten-181 (W-181) | 10 |
Ruthenium-106 (Ru-106) | 1 | Tungsten-185 (W-185) | 10 |
Samarium-151 (Sm-151) | 10 | Tungsten-187 (W-187) | 100 |
Vanadium-48 (V-48) | 10 | Zinc-69 (Zn-69) | 1,000 |
Xenon-131m (Xe-131m) | 1,000 | Zirconium-93 (Zr-93) | 10 |
Xenon-133 (Xe-133) | 100 | Zirconium-95 (Zr-95) | 10 |
Xenon-135 (Xe-135) | 100 | Zirconium-97 (Zr-97) | 10 |
Ytterbium-175 (Yb-175) | 100 | ||
Yttrium-87 (Y-87) | 10 | Alpha emitting | |
Yttrium-88 (Y-88) | 10 | radioactive material | |
Yttrium-90 (Y-90) | 10 | not listed above | 0.01 |
Yttrium-91 (Y-91) | 10 | ||
Yttrium-92 (Y-92) | 100 | Any radioactive | |
Yttrium-93 (Y-93) | 100 | material listed above, | |
Zinc-65 (Zn-65) | 10 | other than alpha emitting | |
Zinc-69m (Zn-69m) | 100 | radioactive material | 0.1 |
Note: For purposes of RH-305.a., where there is involved a combination of isotopes, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows:
Determine the amount of each isotope possessed and 1,000 times the amount in Schedule B for each of those isotopes when not in combination. The sum of the ratios of those quantities may not exceed 1.
Example:
Amt. of Isotope A possessed + Amt. of Isotope B possessed < 1 1000 x Schedule B quantity 1000 x Schedule B quantity for Isotope A for Isotope B
EXEMPT CONCENTRATIONS
Element (atomic number) | Isotope | Column I Gas concentration 2/ µCi/ml1 | Column II Liquid and solid concentration 3/ µCi/ml1 |
Antimony (51) | Sb-122 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 |
Sb-124 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 | |
Sb-125 | 1 X 10-3 | ||
Argon (18) | A-37 | 1 X 10-3 | ------- |
A-41 | 4 X 10-7 | ||
Arsenic (33) | As-73 | ------- | 5 X 10-3 |
As-74 | ------- | 5 X 10-4 | |
As-76 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 | |
As-77 | ------- | 8 X 10-4 | |
Barium (56) | Ba-131 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Ba-140 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Beryllium (4) | Be-7 | ------- | 2 X 10-2 |
Bismuth (83) | Bi-206 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Bromine (35) | Br-82 | 4 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 |
Cadmium (48) | Cd-109 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Cd-115m | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Cd-115 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Calcium (20) | Ca-45 | ------- | 9 X 10-5 |
Ca-47 | 5 X 10-4 | ||
Carbon (6) | C-14 | 1 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 |
Cerium (58) | Ce-141 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 |
Ce-143 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 | |
Ce-144 | ------- | 1 X 10-4 | |
Cesium (55) | Cs-131 | ------- | 2 X 10-2 |
Cs-134m | ------- | 6 X 10-2 | |
Cs-134 | 9 X 10-5 | ||
Chlorine (17) | Cl-38 | 9 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 |
Chromium (24) | Cr-51 | ------- | 2 X 10-2 |
Cobalt (27) | Co-57 | ------- | 5 X 10-3 |
Co-58 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Co-60 | ------- | 5 X 10-4 | |
Copper (29) | Cu-64 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 |
Dysprosium (66) | Dy-165 | ------- | 4 X 10-3 |
Dy-166 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 | |
Erbium (68) | Er-169 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 |
Er-171 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Europium (63) | Eu-152 - | ------- | 6 X 10-4 |
(T/2=9.2 hrs) | ------- | ||
Eu-155 | 2 X 10-3 | ||
Fluorine (9) | F-18 | 2 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 |
Gadolinium (64) | Gd-153 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Gd-159 | ------- | 8 X 10-4 | |
Gallium (31) | Ga-72 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 |
Germanium (32) | Ge-71 | ------- | 2 X 10-2 |
Gold (79) | Au-196 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Au-198 | ------- | 5 X 10-4 | |
Au-199 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 | |
Hafnium (72) | Hf-181 | 7 X 10-4 | |
Hydrogen (1) | H-3 | 5 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 |
Indium (49) | In-113m | ------- | 1 X 10-2 |
In-114m | 2 X 10-4 | ||
Iodine (53) | I-126 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 |
I-131 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I-132 | 8 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-4 | |
I-133 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
I-134 | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | |
Iridium (77) | Ir-190 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Ir-192 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 | |
Ir-194 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Iron (26) | Fe-55 | ------- | 8 X 10-3 |
Fe-59 | 6 X 10-4 | ||
Krypton (36) | Kr-85m | 1 X 10-6 | ------- |
Kr-85 | 3 X 10-6 | ||
Lanthanum (57) | La-140 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 |
Lead (82) | Pb-203 | ------- | 4 X 10-3 |
Lutetium (71) | Lu-177 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Manganese (25) | Mn-52 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 |
Mn-54 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Mn-56 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Mercury (80) | Hg-197m | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Hg-197 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 | |
Hg-203 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 | |
Molybdenum (42) | Mo-99 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Neodymium (60) | Nd-147 | ------- | 6 X 10-4 |
Nd-149 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 | |
Nickel (28) | Ni-65 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Niobium | |||
(Columbium)(41) | Nb-95 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Nb-97 | ------- | 9 X 10-3 | |
Osmium (76) | Os-185 | ------- | 7 X 10-4 |
Os-191m | ------- | 3 X 10-2 | |
Os-191 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 | |
Os-193 | ------- | 6 X 10-4 | |
Palladium (46) | Pd-103 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 |
Pd-109 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 | |
Phosphorus (15) | P-32 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 |
Platinum (78) | Pt-191 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Pt-193m | ------- | 1 X 10-2 | |
Pt-197m | ------- | 1 X 10-2 | |
Pt-197 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Polonium (84) | Po 210 | ------- | 7 X 10-6 |
Potassium (19) | K-42 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 |
Praseodymium (50) | Pr-142 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 |
Pr-143 | ------- | 5 X 10-4 | |
Promethium (61) | Pm-147 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Pm-149 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 | |
Radium (88) | Ra-226 | ------- | 1 X 10-7 |
Ra-228 | ------- | 3 X 10-7 | |
Rhenium (75) | Re-183 | ------- | 6 X 10-3 |
Re-186 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 | |
Re-188 | ------- | 6 X 10-4 | |
Rhodium (45) | Rh-103m | ------- | 1 X 10-1 |
Rh-105 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Rubidium (37) | Rb-86 | ------- | 7 X 10-4 |
Ruthenium (44) | Ru-97 | ------- | 4 X 10-3 |
Ru-103 | ------- | 8 X 10-4 | |
Ru-105 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Ru-106 | ------- | 1 X 10-4 | |
Samarium (62) | Sm-153 | ------- | 8 X 10-4 |
Scandium (21) | Sc-46 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 |
Sc-47 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 | |
Sc-48 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Selenium (34) | Se-75 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 |
Silicon (14) | Si-31 | ------- | 9 X 10-3 |
Silver (47) | Ag-105 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Ag-110m | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Ag-111 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 | |
Sodium (11) | Na-24 | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Strontium (38) | Sr-85 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Sr-89 | ------- | 1 X 10-4 | |
Sr-91 | ------- | 7 X 10-4 | |
Sr-92 | 7 X 10-4 | ||
Sulfur (16) | S-35 | 9 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-4 |
Tantalum (73) | Ta-182 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 |
Technetium (43) | Tc-96m | ------- | 1 X 10-1 |
Tc-96 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Tellurium (52) | Te-125m | ------- | 2 X 10-3 |
Te-127m | ------- | 6 X 10-4 | |
Te-127 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 | |
Te-129m | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Te-131m | ------- | 6 X 10-4 | |
Te-132 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Terbium (65) | Tb-160 | ------- | 4 X 10-4 |
Thallium (81) | Tl-200 | ------- | 4 X 10-3 |
Tl-201 | ------- | 3 X 10-3 | |
Tl-202 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Tl-204 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 | |
Thulium (69) | Tm-170 | ------- | 5 X 10-4 |
Tm-171 | ------- | 5 X 10-3 | |
Tin (50) | Sn-113 | ------- | 9 X 10-4 |
Sn-125 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 | |
Tungsten | |||
(Wolfram)(74) | W-181 | ------- | 4 X 10-3 |
W-187 | ------- | 7 X 10-4 | |
Vanadium (23) | V-48 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Xenon (54) | Xe-131m | 4 X 10-6 | ------- |
Xe-133 | 3 X 10-6 | ------- | |
Xe-135 | 1 X 10-6 | ||
Ytterbium (80) | Yb-175 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Yttrium (30) | Y-90 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 |
Y-91m | ------- | 3 X 10-2 | |
Y-91 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Y-92 | ------- | 6 X 10-4 | |
Y-83 | ------- | 3 X 10-4 | |
Zinc (30) | Zn-65 | ------- | 1 X 10-3 |
Zn-69m | ------- | 7 X 10-4 | |
Zn-69 | ------- | 2 X 10-2 | |
Zirconium (40) | Zr-95 | ------- | 6 X 10-4 |
Zr-97 | ------- | 2 X 10-4 | |
Beta and/or gamma e radioactive material n listed above with half-life less than 3 years | mitting ot ---- | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-6 |
Notes :
Determine for each isotope in the product the ratio between the concentration present in the product and the exempt concentration established in Schedule C for the specific isotope when not in combination. The sum of such ratios may not exceed "1" (i.e., unity).
Example:
Concentration of Isotope A in Product + Concentration of Isotope B in Product < 1 Exempt concentration of Isotope A Exempt concentration of Isotope B
LIMITS FOR BROAD LICENSES
Radioactive Material | Column I (Curies) | Column II (Curies) |
Antimony-122 | 1 | 0.01 |
Antimony-124 | 1 | 0.01 |
Antimony-125 | 1 | 0.01 |
Arsenic-73 | 10 | 0.1 |
Arsenic-74 | 1 | 0.01 |
Arsenic-76 | 1 | 0.01 |
Arsenic-77 | 10 | 0.1 |
Barium-131 | 10 | 0.1 |
Barium-140 | 1 | 0.01 |
Beryllium-7 | 10 | 0.1 |
Bismuth-210 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Bromine-82 | 10 | 0.1 |
Cadmium-109 | 1 | 0.01 |
Cadmium-115m | 1 | 0.01 |
Cadmium-115 | 10 | 0.1 |
Calcium-45 | 1 | 0.01 |
Calcium-47 | 10 | 0.1 |
Carbon-14 | 100 | 1 |
Cerium-141 | 10 | 0.1 |
Cerium-143 | 10 | 0.1 |
Cerium-144 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Cesium-131 | 100 | 1 |
Cesium-134m | 100 | 1 |
Cesium-134 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Cesium-135 | 1 | 0.01 |
Cesium-136 | 10 | 0.1 |
Cesium-137 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Chlorine-36 | 1 | 0.01 |
Chlorine-38 | 100 | 1 |
Chronmium-51 | 100 | 1 |
Cobalt-57 | 10 | 0.1 |
Cobalt-58m | 100 | 1 |
Cobalt-58 | 1 | 0.01 |
Cobalt-60 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Copper-64 | 10 | 0.1 |
Dysprosium-165 | 100 | 1 |
Dysprosium-166 | 10 | 0.1 |
Erbium-169 | 10 | 0.1 |
Erbium-171 | 10 | 0.1 |
Europium-152 9.2 h | 10 | 0.1 |
Europium-152 13 y | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Europium-154 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Europium-155 | 1 | 0.01 |
Fluorine-18 | 100 | 1 |
Gadolinium-153 | 1 | 0.01 |
Gadolinium-159 | 10 | 0.1 |
Gallium-72 | 10 | 0.1 |
Germanium-71 | 100 | 1 |
Gold-198 | 10 | 0.1 |
Gold-199 | 10 | 0.1 |
Hafnium-181 | 1 | 0.01 |
Holmium-166 | 10 | 0.1 |
Hydrogen-3 | 100 | 1 |
Indium-113m | 100 | 1 |
Indium-114m | 1 | 0.01 |
Indium-115m | 100 | 1 |
Indium-115 | 1 | 0.01 |
Iodine-125 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Iodine-126 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Iodine-129 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Iodine-131 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Iodine-132 | 10 | 0.1 |
Iodine-133 | 1 | 0.01 |
Iodine-134 | 10 | 0.1 |
Iodine-135 | 1 | 0.01 |
Iridium-192 | 1 | 0.01 |
Iridium-194 | 10 | 0.1 |
Iron-55 | 10 | 0.1 |
Iron-59 | 1 | 0.01 |
Krypton-85 | 100 | 1 |
Krypton-87 | 10 | 0.1 |
Lanthanum-140 | 1 | 0.01 |
Lutetium-177 | 10 | 0.1 |
Manganese-52 | 1 | 0.01 |
Manganese-54 | 1 | 0.01 |
Manganese-56 | 10 | 0.1 |
Mercury-197m | 10 | 0.1 |
Mercuty-197 | 10 | 0.1 |
Mercury-203 | 1 | 0.01 |
Molybdenum-99 | 10 | 0.1 |
Neodymium-147 | 10 | 0.1 |
Neodymium-149 | 10 | 0.1 |
Nickel-59 | 10 | 0.1 |
Nickel-63 | 1 | 0.01 |
Nickel-65 | 10 | 0.1 |
Niobium-93m | 1 | 0.01 |
Niobium-95 | 1 | 0.01 |
Niobium-97 | 100 | 1 |
Osmium-185 | 1 | 0.01 |
Osmium-191m | 100 | 1 |
Osmium-191 | 10 | 0.1 |
Osmium-193 | 10 | 0.1 |
Palladium-103 | 10 | 0.1 |
Palladium-109 | 10 | 0.1 |
Phosphorus-32 | 1 | 0.01 |
Platinum-191 | 10 | 0.1 |
Platinum-193m | 100 | 1 |
Platinum-193 | 10 | 0.1 |
Platinum-197m | 100 | 1 |
Platinum-197 | 10 | 0.1 |
Polonium-210 | 0.01 | 0.0001 |
Potassium-42 | 1 | 0.01 |
Praseodymium-142 | 10 | 0.1 |
Praseodymium-143 | 10 | 0.1 |
Promethium-147 | 1 | 0.01 |
Promethium-149 | 10 | 0.1 |
Radium-226 | 0.01 | 0.0001 |
Rhenium-186 | 10 | 0.1 |
Rhenium-188 | 10 | 0.1 |
Rhodium-103m | 1,000 | 10 |
Rhodium-105 | 10 | 0.1 |
Rubidium-86 | 1 | 0.01 |
Rubidium-87 | 1 | 0.01 |
Ruthenium-97 | 100 | 1 |
Ruthenium-103 | 1 | 0.01 |
Ruthenium-105 | 10 | 0.1 |
Ruthenium-106 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Samarium-151 | 1 | 0.01 |
Samarium-153 | 10 | 0.1 |
Scandium-46 | 1 | 0.01 |
Scandium-47 | 10 | 0.1 |
Scandium-48 | 1 | 0.01 |
Selenium-75 | 1 | 0.01 |
Silicon-31 | 10 | 0.1 |
Silver-105 | 1 | 0.01 |
Silver-110m | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Silver-111 | 10 | 0.1 |
Sodium-22 | 0.1 | 0.001 |
Sodium-24 | 1 | 0.01 |
Strontium-85m | 1,000 | 10 |
Strontium-85 | 1 | 0.01 |
Strontium-89 | 1 | 0.01 |
Strontium-90 | 0.01 | 0.0001 |
Strontium-91 | 10 | 0.1 |
Strontium-92 | 10 | 0.1 |
Sulfur-35 | 10 | 0.1 |
Tantalum-182 | 1 | 0.01 |
Technetium-96 | 10 | 0.1 |
Technetium-97m | 10 | 0.1 |
Technetium-97 | 10 | 0.1 |
Technetium-99m | 100 | 1 |
Technetium-99 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tellurium-125m | 1 | 0.01 |
Tellurium-127m | 1 | 0.01 |
Tellurium-127 | 10 | 0.1 |
Tellurium-129m | 1 | 0.01 |
Tellurium-129 | 100 | 1 |
Tellurium-131m | 10 | 0.1 |
Tellurium-132 | 1 | 0.01 |
Terbium-160 | 1 | 0.01 |
Thallium-200 | 10 | 0.1 |
Thallium-201 | 10 | 0.1 |
Thallium-202 | 10 | 0.1 |
Tallium-204 | 1 | 0.01 |
Thulium-170 | 1 | 0.01 |
Thulium-171 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tin-113 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tin-125 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tungsten-181 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tungsten-185 | 1 | 0.01 |
Tungsten-187 | 10 | 0.1 |
Vanadium-48 | 1 | 0.01 |
Xenon-131m | 1,000 | 10 |
Xenon-133 | 100 | 1 |
Xenon-135 | 100 | 1 |
Ytterbium-175 | 10 | 0.1 |
Yttrium-90 | 1 | 0.01 |
Yttrium-91 | 1 | 0.01 |
Yttrium-92 | 10 | 0.1 |
Yttrium-93 | 1 | 0.01 |
Zinc-65 | 1 | 0.01 |
Zinc-69m | 10 | 0.1 |
Zinc-69 | 100 | 1 |
Zirconium-93 | 1 | 0.01 |
Zirconium-95 | 1 | 0.01 |
Zirconium-97 | 1 | 0.01 |
Any radioactive material other than alpha emitting radioactive material, source material, or special nuclear material not listed above | 0.1 | 0.001 |
QUANTITIES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS REQUIRING CONSIDERATION OF THE NEED FOR AN EMERGENCY PLAN FOR RESPONDING TO A RELEASE
Radioactive material 15/16/ | Release Fraction | Quantity (Curies) |
Actinium-228 | 0.001 | 4,000 |
Americium-241 | .001 | 2 |
Americium-242 | .001 | 2 |
Americium-243 | .001 | 2 |
Antimony-124 | .01 | 4,000 |
Antimony-126 | .01 | 6,000 |
Barium-133 | .01 | 10,000 |
Barium-140 | .01 | 30,000 |
Bismuth-207 | .01 | 5,000 |
Bismuth-210 | .01 | 600 |
Cadmium-109 | .01 | 1,000 |
Cadmium-113 | .01 | 80 |
Calcium-45 | .01 | 20,000 |
Californium-252 | .001 | 9 (20 mg) |
Carbon-14 (Non CO) | .01 | 50,000 |
Cerium-141 | .01 | 10,000 |
Cerium-144 | .01 | 300 |
Cesium-134 | .01 | 2,000 |
Cesium-137 | .01 | 3,000 |
Chlorine-36 | .5 | 100 |
Chromium-51 | .01 | 300,000 |
Cobalt-60 | .001 | 5,000 |
Copper-64 | .01 | 200,000 |
Curium-242 | .001 | 60 |
Curium-243 | .001 | 3 |
Curium-244 | .001 | 4 |
Curium-245 | .001 | 2 |
Europium-152 | .01 | 500 |
Europium-154 | .01 | 400 |
Europium-155 | .01 | 3,000 |
Gadolinium-153 | .01 | 5,000 |
Germanium-68 | .01 | 2,000 |
Gold-198 | .01 | 30,000 |
Hafnium-172 | .01 | 400 |
Hafnium-181 | .01 | 7,000 |
Holmium-166m | .01 | 100 |
Hydrogen-3 | .5 | 20,000 |
Iodine-125 | .5 | 10 |
Iodine-131 | .5 | 10 |
Indium-114m | .01 | 1,000 |
Iridium-192 | .001 | 40,000 |
Iron-55 | .01 | 40,000 |
Iron-59 | .01 | 7,000 |
Krypton-85 | 1.0 | 6,000,000 |
Lead-210 | .01 | 8 |
Maganese-56 | .01 | 60,000 |
Mercury-203 | .01 | 10,000 |
Molybdenum-99 | .01 | 30,000 |
Neptunium-237 | .001 | 2 |
Nickel-63 | .01 | 20,000 |
Niobium-94 | .01 | 300 |
Phosphorus-32 | .5 | 100 |
Phosphorus-33 | .5 | 1,000 |
Polonium-210 | .01 | 10 |
Potassium-42 | .01 | 9,000 |
Promethium-145 | .01 | 4,000 |
Promethium-147 | .01 | 4,000 |
Radium-226 | .001 | 100 |
Ruthenium-106 | .01 | 200 |
Samarium-151 | .01 | 4,000 |
Scandium-46 | .01 | 3,000 |
Selenium-75 | .01 | 10,000 |
Silver-110m | .01 | 1,000 |
Sodium-22 | .01 | 9,000 |
Sodium-24 | .01 | 10,000 |
Strontium-89 | .01 | 3,000 |
Strontium-90 | .01 | 90 |
Sulfur-35 | .5 | 900 |
Technetium-99 | .01 | 10,000 |
Technetium-99m | .01 | 400,000 |
Tellurium-127m | .01 | 5,000 |
Tellurium-129m | .01 | 5,000 |
Terbium-160 | .01 | 4,000 |
Thulium-170 | .01 | 4,000 |
Tin-113 | .01 | 10,000 |
Tin-123 | .01 | 3,000 |
Tin-126 | .01 | 1,000 |
Titanium-44 | .01 | 100 |
Vanadium-48 | .01 | 7,000 |
Xenon-133 | 1.0 | 900,000 |
Yttrium-91 | .01 | 2,000 |
Zinc-6 | .01 | 5,000 |
Zirconium-93 | .01 | 400 |
Zirconium-95 | .01 | 5,000 |
Any other beta-gamma emitter | .01 | 10,000 |
Mixed fission products | .01 | 1,000 |
Mixed corrosion products | .01 | 10,000 |
Contaminated equipment, beta-gamma | .001 | 10,000 |
Irradiated material, any form other than solid noncombustible | .01 | 1,000 |
Irradiated material, solid noncombustible | .001 | 10,000 |
Mixed radioactive waste, beta-gamma | .01 | 1,000 |
Packaged mixed waste, beta-gamma 16/ | .001 | 10,000 |
Any other alpha emitter | .001 | 2 |
Contaminated equipment, alpha | .0001 | 20 |
Packaged waste, alpha 16/ | .0001 | 20 |
Combinations of radioactive materials listed above 15/ | -- | -- |
APPENDIX A TO SECTION 2
CRITERIA RELATING TO USE OF FINANCIAL TESTS
AND PARENT COMPANY GUARANTEES FOR PROVIDING
REASONABLE ASSURANCE OF FUNDS FOR DECOMMISSIONING
An applicant or licensee may provide reasonable assurance of the availability of funds for decommissioning based on obtaining a parent company guarantee that funds will be available for decommissioning costs and on a demonstration that the parent company passes a financial test. This appendix establishes criteria for passing the financial test and for obtaining the parent company guarantee.
The terms of a parent company guarantee which an applicant or licensee obtains must provide that:
APPENDIX B TO SECTION 2
CRITERIA RELATING TO USE OF FINANCIAL TESTS
AND SELF GUARANTEES FOR PROVIDING REASONABLE ASSURANCE
OF FUNDS FOR DECOMMISSIONING
An applicant or licensee may provide reasonable assurance of the availability of funds for decommissioning based on furnishing its own guarantee that funds will be available for decommissioning costs and on a demonstration that the company passes a financial test of Section II of this Appendix. The terms of the self-guarantee are in Section III of this Appendix. This Appendix establishes criteria for passing the financial test for the self-guarantee and establishes the terms for a self-guarantee.
The terms of a self-guarantee which an applicant or licensee obtains must provide that:
APPENDIX C TO SECTION 2
CRITERIA RELATING TO USE OF FINANCIAL TESTS AND SELF GUARANTEES FOR PROVIDING REASONABLE ASSURANCE OF FUNDS FOR DECOMMISSIONING BY COMMERCIAL COMPANIES THAT HAVE NO OUTSTANDING RATED BONDS
An applicant or licensee may provide reasonable assurance of the availability of funds for decommissioning based on furnishing its own guarantee that funds will be available for decommissioning costs and on a demonstration that the company passes a financial test of Section II of this Appendix. The terms of the self-guarantee are in Section III of this Appendix. This Appendix establishes criteria for passing the financial test for the self-guarantee and establishes the terms for a self-guarantee.
The terms of a self-guarantee which an applicant or licensee furnishes must provide that:
APPENDIX D TO SECTION 2
CRITERIA RELATING TO USE OF FINANCIAL TESTS AND SELF GUARANTEES FOR PROVIDING REASONABLE ASSURANCE OF FUNDS FOR DECOMMISSIONING BY NONPROFIT COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND HOSPITALS
An applicant or licensee may provide reasonable assurance of the availability of funds for decommissioning based on furnishing its own guarantee that funds will be available for decommissioning costs and on a demonstration that the applicant or licensee passes a financial test of Section II of this Appendix. The terms of the self-guarantee are in Section III of this Appendix. This Appendix establishes criteria for passing the financial test for the self-guarantee and establishes the terms for a self-guarantee.
The terms of a self-guarantee which an applicant or licensee furnishes must provide that:
FOOTNOTES TO SECTION 2
1/ Attention is directed to the fact that regulation by the State of source material, byproduct material, and special nuclear material in quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass is subject to the provisions of the agreement between the State and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and to 10 CFR Part 150 of the Commission's regulations.
2/ The requirements specified in RH-300.c.5.B. and C. need not be met by counterweights manufactured prior to December 31, 1969 provided that such counterweights are impressed with the legend, "CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL - URANIUM," as previously required by these Regulations.
3/ Authority to transfer possession or control by the manufacturer, processor or producer of any equipment, device, commodity or other product containing source or byproduct material whose subsequent possession, use, transfer and disposal by all other persons are exempted from regulatory requirements may be obtained only from the Department.
4/ For purposes of this subparagraph, "electron tubes" include spark gap tubes, power tubes, gas tubes including glow lamps, receiving tubes, microwaves tubes, indicator tubes, pick-up tubes, radiation detection tubes and any other completely sealed tube that is designed to conduct or control electrical currents.
5/ Authority to transfer possession or control by the manufacturer, processor or producer of any equipment, device, commodity or other product containing byproduct material whose subsequent possession, use, transfer and disposal by all other persons are exempted from regulatory requirements may be obtained only from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555.
6/ Attention is directed particularly to the provisions of Section 3 of these Regulations which relate to the labeling of containers.
7/ Any notification of incidents referred to in those requirements shall be filed with or made to the Department.
8/ The New Drug provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act also govern the availability and use of any specific diagnostic drugs in interstate commerce.
9/ The model, serial number, and the name of the manufacturer or initial transferor may be omitted from this label provided they are elsewhere specified in labeling affixed to the device.
10/ Sources licensed under RH-405.i. prior to January 19, 1975 may bear labels authorized by the regulations in effect on January 1, 1975.
11/ Authority to transfer possession or control by the manufacturer, processor or producer of any equipment, device, commodity or other product containing source or byproduct material whose subsequent possession, use, transfer and disposal by all other persons are exempted from regulatory requirements may be obtained only from the Department.
12/ Values are given in Column 1 only for those materials normally used as gases.
13/ µCi/gm for solids.
14/ Deleted.
15/ For combinations of radioactive materials, consideration of the need for an emergency plan is required if the sum of the ratios of the quantity of each radioactive material authorized to the quantity listed for that material in Schedule F to Section 2 exceeds one.
16/ Waste packaged in Type B containers does not require an emergency plan.
(FOOTNOTES APPEAR AT THE END OF THIS SECTION)
The provisions of these Regulations shall become effective on January 1, 1963, except where another effective date is specifically noted.
All communications concerning these Regulations should be addressed to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
Note: At very high doses received at high dose rates, units of absorbed dose (e.g., rads and grays) are appropriate, rather than units of dose equivalent (e.g., rems and sieverts).
ORGAN DOSE WEIGHTING FACTORS
Organ or Tissue | wT |
Gonads | 0.25 |
Breast | 0.15 |
Red bone marrow | 0.12 |
Lung | 0.12 |
Thyroid | 0.03 |
Bone surfaces | 0.03 |
Remainder | 0.30a |
Whole Body | 1.00b |
a 0.30 results from 0.06 for each of 5 "remainder" organs (excluding the skin and the lens of the eye) that receive the highest doses.
b For the purpose of weighting the external whole body dose (for adding it to the internal dose), a single weighting factor, wT = 1.0, has been specified. The use of other weighting factors for external exposure will be approved on a case-by-case basis until such time as specific guidance is issued.
As used in this Section, the units of radiation dose are:
TABLE I TO RH-1102. QUALITY FACTORS AND ABSORBED DOSE EQUIVALENCIES
Type of Radiation | Quality Factor (Q) | Absorbed Dose Equal to a Unit Dose Equivalenta |
X-, gamma, or beta radiation | 1 | 1 |
Alpha particles, multiple-charged particles, fission fragments, and heavy particles of unknown charge | 20 | 0.05 |
Neutrons of unknown energy | 10 | 0.1 |
High-energy protons | 10 | 0.1 |
a Absorbed dose in rad equal to 1 rem or the absorbed dose in gray equal to 1 sievert.
TABLE II TO RH-1102.
MEAN QUALITY FACTORS, Q, AND FLUENCE PER UNIT DOSE
EQUIVALENT FOR MONOENERGETIC NEUTRONS
Neutron Energy (MeV) | Quality Factora (Q) | Fluence per Unit Dose Equivalentb (neutrons cm-2 rem -1) | |
(thermal).. | 2.5 x 10-8 | 2 | 980 x 106 |
1 x 10-7 | 2 | 980 x 106 | |
1 x 10-6 | 2 | 810 x 106 | |
1 x 10-5 | 2 | 810 x 106 | |
1 x 10-4 | 2 | 840 x 106 | |
1 x 10-3 | 2 | 980 x 106 | |
1 x 10-2 | 2.5 | 1010 x 106 | |
1 x 10-1 | 7.5 | 170 x 106 | |
5 x 10-1 | 11 | 39 x 106 | |
1 | 11 | 27 x 106 | |
2.5 | 9 | 29 x 106 | |
5 | 8 | 23 x 106 | |
7 | 7 | 24 x 106 | |
10 | 6.5 | 24 x 106 | |
14 | 7.5 | 17 x 106 | |
20 | 8 | 16 x 106 | |
40 | 7 | 14 x 106 | |
60 | 5.5 | 16 x 106 | |
1 x 102 | 4 | 20 x 106 | |
2 x 102 | 3.5 | 19 x 106 | |
3 x 102 | 3.5 | 16 x 106 | |
4 x 102 | 3.5 | 14 x 106 |
a Value of quality factor (Q) at the point where the dose equivalent is maximum in a 30 cm diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
b Monoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30 cm diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
For the purposes of this Part, activity is expressed in the special unit of curies (Ci) or in the SI unit of becquerels (Bq), or their multiples, or disintegrations (transformations) per unit of time.
Except as specifically authorized by the Department in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the Regulations in this Section by an officer or employee of the Department other than a written interpretation by the Department Director or designee will be recognized to be binding upon the Department.
NOTE:The dose equivalents for the lens of the eye, the skin, and the
extremities are not included in the summation, but are subject to separate limits.
NOTE:The intake through intact skin has been included in the calculation of
DACforHydrogen-3anddoesnotneedtobefurtherevaluated.
Licensees shall, when determining the dose from airborne radioactive material, include the contribution to the deep-dose equivalent, eye dose equivalent, and shallow-dose equivalent from external exposure to the radioactive cloud. (See Appendix G to Section 3, footnotes a and b.)
NOTE:Airborne radioactivity measurements and DAC values should not be
used as the primary means to assess the deep-dose equivalent when the airborne radioactive material includes radionuclides other than noble gases or if the cloud of airborne radioactive material is not relatively uniform. The determination of the deep-dose equivalent to an individual should be based upon measurements using instruments or individual monitoring devices.
In order to calculate the committed effective dose equivalent, the licensee may assume that the inhalation of one ALI, or an exposure of 2,000 DAC-hours, results in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems (0.05 Sv) for radionuclides that have their ALIs or DACs based on the committed effective dose equivalent.
In this case, the licensee may, as a simplifying assumption, use the stochastic ALIs to determine committed effective dose equivalent. However, if the licensee uses the stochastic ALIs, the licensee must also demonstrate that the limit in RH-1200.a.1.B. is met.
A licensee or registrant may authorize an adult worker to receive doses in addition to and accounted for separately from the doses received under the limits specified in RH-1200. provided that each of the following conditions is satisfied:
The annual occupational dose limits for minors are ten (10%) percent of the annual dose limits specified for adult workers in RH-1200.
Where necessary or desirable in order to aid in determining the extent of an individual's exposure to concentrations of radioactive material, the Department may require a licensee to make available to the individual appropriate bioassay services and to furnish a copy of the reports of such services to the Department.
Nuclidea | Averageb,c,f | Maximumb,d,f | Removableb,c,e,f |
U-nat, U-235, U-238, and associated decay products except Ra-226, Th-230, Ac-227, and Pa-231 | 5,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2 | 15,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2 | 1,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2 |
Transuranics, Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-230, Th-228, Pa-231, Ac-227, I-129 | 100 dpm/100 cm2 | 300 dpm/100 cm2 | 20 dpm/100 cm2 |
Th-nat, Th-232, Sr-90, Ra-223, Ra-224, U-232, I-125, I-126, I-131, I-133 | 1,000 dpm/100 cm2 | 3,000 dpm/100 cm2 | 200 dpm/100 cm2 |
Beta-gamma emitters (nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission) except Sr-90 and others noted above. | 5,000 dpm beta, gamma/100 cm2 | 15, 000 dpm beta, gamma/100 cm2 | 1,000 dpm beta, gamma/100 cm2 |
a Where surface contamination by both alpha and beta-gamma emitting nuclides exists, the limits established for alpha and beta-gamma emitting nuclides should apply independently.
b As used in this table, dpm (disintegrations per minute) means the rate of emission by radioactive material as determined by correcting the counts per minute observed by an appropriate detector for background, efficiency, and geometric factors associated with the instrumentation.
c Measurements of average contamination level should not be averaged over more than one square meter. For objects of less surface area, the average should be derived for each object.
d The maximum contamination level applies to an area of not more than 100 cm2.
e The amount of removable radioactive material per 100 cm2 of surface area should be determined by wiping that area with dry filter or soft absorbent paper, applying moderate pressure, and assessing the amount of radioactive material on the wipe with an appropriate instrument of known efficiency. When removable contamination on objects of less surface area is determined, the pertinent levels should be reduced proportionally and the entire surface should be wiped.
f The average and maximum radiation levels associated with surface contamination resulting from beta-gamma emitters should not exceed 0.2 mrad/hr at one (1) cm and 1.0 mrad/hr at 1 cm, respectively, measured through not more than seven (7) milligrams per square centimeter of total absorber.
A site will be considered acceptable for unrestricted use if the residual radioactivity that is distinguishable from background radiation results in a TEDE to an average member of the critical group that does not exceed 25 mrem (0.25 mSv) per year, including that from groundwater sources of drinking water, and the residual radioactivity has been reduced to levels that are as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Determination of the levels which are ALARA must take into account consideration of any detriments, such as deaths from transportation accidents, expected to potentially result from decontamination and waste disposal.
A site will be considered acceptable for license termination under restricted conditions if:
Upon the receipt of an LTP or decommissioning plan from the licensee, or a proposal by the licensee for release of a site pursuant to RH-1217. or RH-1218., or whenever the Department deems such notice to be in the public interest, the Department shall:
Applicants for licenses, other than renewals, shall describe in the application how facility design and procedures for operation will minimize, to the extent practicable, contamination of the facility and the environment, facilitate eventual decommissioning, and minimize, to the extent practicable, the generation of radioactive waste.
Each licensee or registrant shall monitor exposures to radiation and radioactive material at levels sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the occupational dose limits of this Section. As a minimum:
NOTE:All of the occupational doses in RH-1200. continue to be
applicable to the declared pregnant worker as long as the embryo/fetus dose limit is not exceeded.
Each radiation area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words:
CAUTION DANGER
or
RADIATION AREA RADIATION AREA
CAUTION DANGER
or
HIGH RADIATION AREA HIGH RADIATION AREA
Very high radiation areas.
In addition to the requirements in RH-1303.c., the licensee or registrant shall institute additional measures to ensure that an individual is not able to gain unauthorized or inadvertent access to areas in which radiation levels could be encountered at 500 rads (5 grays) or more in one (1) hour at one (1) meter from a radiation source or any surface through which the radiation penetrates.
The licensee or registrant shall post each very high radiation area with a conspicuous sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and words:
GRAVE DANGER, VERY HIGH RADIATION AREA
The licensee shall use, to the extent practicable, process or other engineering controls (e.g., containment or ventilation) to control the concentrations of radioactive material in air.
The Department may impose restrictions in addition to those in RH-1303.f.4. and RH-1303.f.5. and Appendix E to Section 3 to:
The licensee shall obtain authorization from the Department before using assigned protection factors in excess of those specified in Appendix E to Section 3. The Department may authorize a licensee to use higher assigned protection factors on receipt of an application that:
CAUTION DANGER
or RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
CAUTION DANGER
or RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
It shall also provide sufficient information3/ to permit individuals handling or using the containers or working in the vicinity thereof, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures.
Notwithstanding the provisions of RH-1303.:
Instructions required for individuals working in or frequenting any portion of a restricted area are specified in Part N of this Section.
The licensee shall control and maintain constant surveillance of licensed material that is in a controlled or unrestricted area and that is not in storage.
CAUTION DANGER
or RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
The label must also provide sufficient information (such as the radionuclide(s) present, an estimate of the quantity of radioactivity, the date for which the activity is estimated, radiation levels, kinds of materials, and mass enrichment) to permit individuals handling or using the containers, or working in the vicinity of the containers, to take precautions to avoid or minimize exposures.
Each licensee or registrant shall ensure that individuals who are required to monitor occupational doses in accordance with RH-1302.a. wear individual monitoring devices as follows:
A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only:
A licensee or applicant for a license may apply to the Department for approval of proposed procedures, not otherwise authorized in the Regulations in this Section, to dispose of licensed material generated in the licensee's activities. Each application shall include:
No licensee shall dispose of radioactive material by burial in soil unless specific approval has been granted by the Department.
A licensee may treat or dispose of licensed material by incineration only in the amounts and forms specified in RH-1405. or as specifically approved by the Department pursuant to RH-1401.
Nothing in this Subpart relieves the licensee from complying with other applicable Federal, State, and local regulations governing any other toxic or hazardous properties of materials that may be disposed of under this Part E.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain records of doses received by all individuals for whom monitoring was required pursuant to RH-1302., and records of doses received during planned special exposures, accidents, and emergency conditions. These records7/ must include, when applicable:
The licensee or registrant shall make entries of the records specified in RH-1500.f.1. of this section at least annually.
The licensee or registrant shall maintain the records specified in RH-1500.f.1. of this section on Department Form Y (Appendix I to Section 3), in accordance with the instructions for Department Form Y, or in clear and legible records containing all the information required by that form.
The records required under this section should be protected from public disclosure because of their personal privacy nature.
Each record required by this Section must be legible throughout the specified retention period. The record may be the original or a reproduced copy or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of producing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. Records, such as letters, drawings, and specifications, must include all pertinent information, such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee or registrant shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.
Each licensee or registrant shall report promptly by telephone and confirm promptly by letter to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867, the theft or loss as soon as such theft or loss becomes known to the licensee or registrant of:
All licensees or registrants shall make reports to the Department at 1-800-633 -1735.
Each licensee or registrant shall immediately notify the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867, by telephone and confirming letter of any incident involving any source of radiation possessed by the licensee or registrant and which may have caused or threatens to cause:
Each licensee or registrant shall within twenty-four (24) hours notify the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867, by telephone and confirming letter of any incident involving any source of radiation possessed by the licensee or registrant and which may have caused or threatens to cause:
Each licensee or registrant shall notify the Department as soon as possible but not later than four (4) hours after the discovery of an event that prevents immediate protective actions necessary to avoid exposures to radiation or radioactive materials that could exceed regulatory limits or releases of licensed material that could exceed regulatory limits (Events may include fires, explosions, toxic gas releases, et cetera.).
Each licensee or registrant shall notify the Department within twenty-four (24) hours after the discovery of any of the following events involving licensed material:
Reports made by licensees or registrants in response to the requirements of this section must be made as follows:
Each licensee or registrant who makes a report required by RH-1502.a. and RH-1502.b. of this Section shall submit a written follow-up report within 30 (thirty) days of the initial report. Written reports prepared pursuant to other regulations may be submitted to fulfill this requirement if the reports contain all of the necessary information and the appropriate distribution is made. These written reports must be sent to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section Chief, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
The reports must include the following:
Each licensee and registrant shall perform upon instructions from the Department or shall permit the Department to perform, such reasonable tests as the Department deems appropriate or necessary including, but not limited to, tests of:
In addition to the notification required by RH-1502., each licensee or registrant shall submit a written report within 30 days after learning of any of the following occurrences:
When a licensee or registrant is required, pursuant to the provisions of RH-1504., RH-1505.b., or RH-1509., to report to the Department any exposure of an identified occupationally exposed individual, or an identified member of the public, to radiation or radioactive material, licensee or registrant shall also provide the individual a report on his or her exposure data included in the report to the Department. The report must be transmitted no later than the transmittal to the Department.
Each specific licensee shall, no less than thirty (30) days before vacating or relinquishing possession or control of premises which may have been contaminated with radioactive material as a result of the activities, notify the Department in writing of intent to vacate. When deemed necessary by the Department, the licensee shall decontaminate the premises in such a manner as the Department may specify.
TABLE TO RH-1509.a.2.
Radionuclide | Quantity of Radionuclidea in Curies |
Cesium-137 | 1 |
Cobalt-60 | 1 |
Gold-198 | 100 |
Iodine-131 | 1 |
Iridium-192 | 10 |
Krypton-85 | 1,000 |
Promethium-147 | 10 |
Technetium-99m | 1,000 |
a The Department may require as a license condition, or by rule, Regulation, or order pursuant to RH-404.c., reports from licensees who are licensed to use radionuclides not on this list, in quantities sufficient to cause comparable radiation levels.
Each licensee who manufactures, transfers, receives, disassembles, or disposes of a nationally tracked source shall complete and submit a National Source Tracking Transaction Report as specified in RH-1513.a. through e. for each type of transaction. See Appendix D to Section 3, "Nationally Tracked Source Thresholds."
A single report may be submitted for multiple sources and transactions. The reports must be submitted to the National Source Tracking System by using:
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF X-RAYS IN THE HEALING ARTS
This Part establishes requirements, for which a registrant (or licensee) is responsible, for use of x-ray equipment by or under the supervision of an individual authorized by and licensed in accordance with state statutes to engage in the healing arts or veterinary medicine. The provisions of this Part are in addition to and not in substitution for, other applicable provisions of these Regulations.
where:
s = Estimated standard deviation of the population;
x = Mean value of observations in sample;
xi = ith observation in sample; and n = Number of observations in sample.
Percent line-voltage regulation = 100(Vn-V1)/V1
where:
Vn = No-load line potential; and V1 = Load line potential.
*formerly NBS (National Bureau of Standards)
The registrant shall be responsible for directing the operation of the x-ray systems which have been registered with the Department. The registrant or the registrant's agent shall assure that the requirements of RH-1602.a. are met in the operation of the x-ray system(s).
Any person proposing to conduct a healing arts screening program shall not initiate such a program without prior approval of the Department. When requesting such approval, that person shall submit the information as deemed necessary by the Department. If any information submitted to the Department becomes invalid or out-dated, the Department will be notified in writing within thirty (30) days.
The registrant shall maintain the following information for each x-ray system for inspection by the Department:
Each facility shall maintain an x-ray log containing the patient I.D., the type of examinations and the dates the examinations were performed. When the patient or film must be provided with human auxiliary support, the name of the human holder shall be recorded.
In addition to other requirements of this Part, all diagnostic x-ray systems shall meet the following requirements:
The control panel containing the main power switch shall bear the warning statement or its equivalent, legible and accessible to view: "WARNING: This x-ray unit may be dangerous to patient and operator unless safe exposure factors and operating instructions are observed."
On battery-powered x-ray generators, visual means shall be provided on the control panel to indicate whether the battery is in a state of charge adequate for proper operation.
The leakage radiation from the diagnostic source assembly measured at a distance of one (1) meter in any direction from the source shall not exceed 100 milliroentgens in one (1) hour when the x-ray tube is operated at its leakage technique factors. Compliance shall be determined by measurements averaged over an area of 100 square centimeters with no linear dimension greater than 20 centimeters.
The radiation emitted by a component other than the diagnostic source assembly shall not exceed two (2) milliroentgens in one (1) hour at five (5) centimeters from any accessible surface of the component when it is operated in an assembled x-ray system under any conditions for which it was designed. Compliance shall be determined by measurements averaged over an area of 100 square centimeters with no linear dimension greater than twenty (20) centimeters.
TABLE I TO RH-1602.
Design Operating Range (Kilovolts peak) | Measured Potential (Kilovolts peak) | Half-value Layer (millimeters of aluminum) |
--Below 50-- | 30 | 0.3 |
40 | 0.4 | |
49 | 0.5 | |
--50 to 70-- | 50 | 1.2 |
60 | 1.3 | |
70 | 1.5 | |
--Above 70-- | 71 | 2.1 |
80 | 2.3 | |
90 | 2.5 | |
100 | 2.7 | |
110 | 3.0 | |
120 | 3.2 | |
130 | 3.5 | |
140 | 3.8 | |
150 | 4.1 |
TABLE II TO RH-1602.
Filtration Required vs. Operating Voltage | |
Operating Voltage (kVp) | Total Filtration (inherent plus added) (millimeters aluminum equivalent) |
Below 50 | 0.5 |
50 to 70 | 1.5 |
Above 70 | 2.5 |
For x-ray systems which have variable kVp and variable filtration for the useful beam, a device shall link the kVp selector with the filter(s) and shall prevent an exposure unless the minimum amount of filtration required by RH-1602.b.5.A.i. or ii. is in the useful beam for the given kVp which has been selected.
Where two or more radiographic tubes are controlled by one exposure switch, the tube or tubes which have been selected shall be clearly indicated prior to initiation of the exposure. This indication shall be both on the x-ray control panel and at or near the tube housing assembly which has been selected.
The tube housing assembly supports shall be adjusted such that the tube housing assembly will remain stable during an exposure unless tube housing movement is a designed function of the x-ray system.
Diagnostic x-ray systems and their associated components used on humans and certified pursuant to the Federal X-Ray Equipment Performance Standard ( 21 CFR Part 1020) shall be maintained in compliance with applicable requirements of that standard.
All position locking, holding, and centering devices on x-ray system components and systems shall function as intended.
All fluoroscopic x-ray systems shall meet the following requirements:
Spot-film devices shall meet the following requirements:
If a means exists to override any of the automatic x-ray field size adjustments required, that means:
During fluoroscopy and cinefluorography, the kV and the mA shall be continuously indicated.
The SSD shall not be less than:
Fluoroscopic systems equipped with spot-film (radiographic) mode shall meet the exposure reproducibility requirements when operating in the spot-film mode.
The review must document the reason why an estimated skin dose exceeded 300 rad for adults or 100 rad for children, and the reason must be documented in the committee's minutes. If a facility does not have a radiation safety committee, the facility must provide the Department, within thirty (30) days of the event, documentation stating why the patient's estimated dose exceeded 300 rad for adults or 100 rad for children.
In addition to the requirements for stationary general purpose x-ray systems, both certified and non-certified systems shall also meet the following requirements:
Radiographic equipment designed for only one (1) image receptor size at a fixed SID shall be provided with means to limit the field at the plane of the image receptor to dimensions no greater than those of the image receptor, and to align the center of the x-ray field with the center of the image receptor to within two (2%) percent of the SID, or shall be provided with means to both size and align the x-ray field such that the x-ray field at the plane of the image receptor does not extend beyond any edge of the image receptor.
When an automatic exposure control is provided:
With a timer setting of 0.5 seconds or less, the average exposure period (T) shall be greater than or equal to five (5) times the maximum exposure period (Tmax) minus the minimum exposure period (Tmin) when four timer tests are performed:
T > 5 (Tmax - Tmin)
For systems having independent selection of exposure time settings, the average ratios (X1) of exposure to the indicated timer setting, in units of C kg-1s-1 (mR/s), obtained at any two clinically used timer settings shall not differ by more than 0.10 times their sum. This is written as:
(X1 - X2) < 0.1 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average C kg-1s-1 (mR/s) values.
All mobile or portable radiographic systems shall be provided with means to limit the source-to-skin distance to equal to or greater than thirty (30) centimeters except for veterinary systems.
When all technique factors are held constant, including control panel selections associated with automatic exposure control systems, the coefficient of variation of exposure for both manual and automatic exposure control systems shall not exceed 0.05. This requirement applies to clinically used techniques.
Radiation emitted from the x-ray tube when the system is fully charged and the exposure switch or timer is not activated shall not exceed a rate of two (2) milliroentgens (0.516 µC/kg) per hour at five (5) centimeters from any accessible surface of the diagnostic source assembly, with the beam-limiting device fully open.
Deviation of measured technique factors from indicated values of kVp and exposure time shall not exceed the limits specified for that system by its manufacturer. In the absence of manufacturer's specifications, the deviation shall not exceed ten (10) percent of the indicated value for kVp and twenty (20%) percent for time mA/mAs linearity.
The average ratios (X1) of exposure to the indicated milliampere-seconds product (C kg-1mAs-1 (or mR/mAs)) obtained at any two (2) consecutive tube current settings shall not differ by more than 0.10 times their sum:
X1 - X2 < 0.10 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average values obtained at each of two (2) consecutive tube current settings, or at two settings differing by no more than a factor of two (2) where the tube current selection is continuous.
The average ratios (X1) of exposure to the indicated milliampere-seconds product, in units of mR/mAs (or C kg-1mAs-1), obtained at any two consecutive mAs selector settings shall not differ by more than 0.10 times their sum:
X1 - X2 < 0.10 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average values obtained at any two (2) consecutive mAs selector settings, or at two (2) settings differing by no more than a factor of two (2) where the mAs selector provides continuous selection.
Determination of compliance shall be based on ten (10) exposures taken within a time period of one (1) hour, at each of the two (2) settings. These two (2) settings may include any two focal spot sizes except where one is equal to or less than 0.45 millimeters and the other is greater than 0.45 millimeters. For purposes of this requirement, focal spot size is the nominal focal spot size specified by the x-ray tube manufacturer.
Diagnostic x-ray systems incorporating one or more certified component(s) shall be required to comply with the following additional requirement(s) which relate to that certified component(s).
systems equipped with Positive Beam Limitation (PBL).
If PBL is being used, the following requirements shall be met:
Beam limitation for portable x-ray systems shall meet the beam limitation requirements.
A tube stand or other mechanical support shall be used for portable x-ray systems, so that the x-ray tube housing assembly need not be handheld during exposures.
The requirements for general x-ray tubes apply to the intraoral dental machines.
X-ray systems designed for use with an intraoral image receptor shall be provided with means to limit source-to-skin distance to not less than:
Radiographic systems designed for use with an intraoral image receptor shall be provided with means to limit the X-ray beam such that:
Means shall be provided for visual indication observable at or from the operator's protected position whenever x-rays are produced. In addition, a signal audible to the operator shall indicate that the exposure has terminated except in x-ray systems that cannot be altered to meet this requirement.
For systems having independent selection of exposure time settings, the average ratios (X1) of exposure to the indicated timer setting, in units of C kg-1s-1 (mR/s), obtained at any two clinically used timer settings shall not differ by more than 0.10 times their sum. This is written as:
(X1 - X2) < 0.1 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average values.
For equipment installed before January 1, 2006, there must exist a means to allow the operator to be at least six (6) feet (1.8 meters) from the tube housing assembly while making exposure.
When the equipment is operated on an adequate power supply as specified by the manufacturer, the estimated coefficient of variation of radiation exposures shall be no greater than 0.05, for any specific combination of selected technique factors.
The following requirements apply when the equipment is operated on a power supply as specified by the manufacturer for any fixed x-ray tube potential within the range of 40 percent to 100 percent of the maximum rated:
(X1 - X2) < 0.1 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average values obtained at each of two (2) consecutive tube current settings, or at two settings differing by no more than a factor of two (2) where the tube current selection is continuous.
(X1 - X2) < 0.1 (X1 + X2)
where X1 and X2 are the average values obtained at any two (2) mAs selector settings, or at two (2) settings differing by no more than a factor of two (2) where the mAs selector provides continuous selection.
Determination of compliance shall be based on ten (10) exposures taken within a time period of one (1) hour, at each of the two (2) settings. These two (2) settings may include any two (2) focal spot sizes except where one (1) is equal to or less than 0.45 millimeters and the other is greater than 0.45 millimeters. For purposes of this requirement, focal spot size is the nominal focal spot size specified by the x-ray tube manufacturer.
Deviation of technique factors from indicated values for kVp and exposure time (if time is independently selectable) shall not exceed the limits specified for that system by its manufacturer. In the absence of manufacturer's specifications, the deviation shall not exceed ten (10%) percent.
Dental x-ray machine with a nominal fixed kVp of less than 50 kVp shall not be used to make diagnostic dental radiographs of humans.
NOTE:In many cases structural materials of ordinary walls suffice as
a protective barrier without addition of special shielding material.
When the tube is operated at its leakage technique factors, the leakage radiation shall not exceed the value specified at the distance specified for the classification of the x-ray system.
Leakage radiation shall not exceed 100 milliroentgens per hour at five (5) centimeters from the surface of the tube housing assembly.
Systems which are manufactured or installed prior to the July 1, 1983 date shall have a leakage radiation which does not exceed one (1) roentgen in one hour at one (1) meter from the source.
Systems which are manufactured on or after July 1, 1983 shall have a leakage radiation which does not exceed 100 milliroentgens in one (1) hour at one (1) meter from the source.
The leakage radiation shall not exceed one (1) roentgen in one hour at one (1) meter from the source except systems that operate in excess of 500 kVp may have a leakage radiation at one (1) meter from the source equivalent to the exposure within one hour of the useful beam at one (1) meter from the source multiplied by a factor of 0.001.
Permanent fixed diaphragms or cones used for limiting the useful beam shall provide the same or higher degree of protection as required by the tube housing assembly.
The filter system shall be so designed that:
The tube housing assembly shall be capable of being immobilized during stationary treatments.
The tube housing assembly shall be so marked that it is possible to determine the location of the focal spot to within five (5) millimeters and such marking shall be readily accessible for use during calibration procedures.
Contact therapy tube housing assemblies shall have a removable shield of at least 0.5 millimeter lead equivalence at 100 kVp that can be positioned over the entire useful beam exit port during periods when the beam is not in use.
Systems of greater than 150 kVp manufactured after July 1, 1983 shall be provided with a beam monitor system which:
The control panel, in addition to the displays required in other provisions of RH-1607., shall have:
When a control panel may energize more than one x-ray tube:
There shall be means of determining the source-to-patient distance to within one (1) centimeter.
Unless it is possible to bring the x-ray output to the prescribed exposure parameters within five (5) seconds, the entire useful beam shall be automatically attenuated by a shutter having a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly. In addition,
Each x-ray system equipped with a beryllium or other low-filtration window shall be clearly labeled as such upon the tube housing assembly and at the control panel.
In addition to shielding adequate to meet requirements of Section 2 and Section 3, the treatment room shall meet the following design requirements:
Treatment rooms to which access is possible through more than one entrance shall be provided with warning lights, in a readily observable position near the outside of all access doors, which will indicate when the useful beam is "on."
Provision shall be made for two-way aural communication between the patient and the operator at the control panel; however, where excessive noise levels make aural communication impractical, other methods of communication shall be used.
Windows, mirrors or closed-circuit television or an equivalent system shall be provided to permit continuous observation of the patient during irradiation and shall be so located that the operator can observe the patient from the control panel. When the primary viewing system is by electronic means (e.g., television), an alternate viewing system shall be available for use in the event of electronic failure.
Spot checks shall be performed on x-ray systems capable of operation at greater than 150 kVp. Such spot checks shall meet the following requirements:
Measurements excluding those for neutrons shall be averaged over an area up to but not exceeding 100 square centimeters at the positions specified. Measurements of the portion of the leakage radiation dose contributed by neutrons shall be averaged over an area up to but not exceeding 200 square centimeters.
Adjustable or interchangeable beam limiting devices shall be provided and such devices shall transmit no more than two (2%) percent of the useful beam for the portion of the useful beam which is to be attenuated by the beam limiting device. The neutron component of the useful beam shall not be included in this requirement. Measurements shall be averaged over an area up to but not exceeding 100 square centimeters at the normal treatment distance.
The licensee shall determine or obtain from the manufacturer, data sufficient to assure that the following beam quality requirements are met:
TABLE I TO RH-1608.
Maximum Energy of Electron Beam in MeV | X-ray Absorbed Dose as a Fraction of Maximum Absorbed Dose |
1 | 0.03 |
15 | 0.05 |
35 | 0.10 |
50 | 0.20 |
TABLE II TO RH-1608.
Maximum Photon Energy in MeV | Absorbed Dose at the Surface as a Fraction of the Maximum Absorbed Dose |
1 | 0.80 |
2 | 0.70 |
5 | 0.60 |
15 | 0.50 |
35 | 0.40 |
50 | 0.20 |
All therapy systems shall be provided with radiation detectors in the radiation head.
It shall be possible to interrupt irradiation and equipment movements at any time from the operator's position at the treatment control panel. Following an interruption, it shall be possible to restart irradiation by operator action without any reselection of operating conditions. If any change is made of a pre-selected value during an interruption, the equipment shall go to termination condition.
It shall be possible to terminate irradiation and equipment movements or go from an interruption condition to termination condition, at any time from the operator's position at the treatment control panel.
Equipment capable of both X-ray therapy and electron therapy shall meet the following requirements:
Equipment capable of generating radiation beams of different energies shall meet the following requirements:
Equipment capable of both stationary beam therapy and moving beam therapy shall meet the following requirements:
For new equipment, a system shall be provided from whose readings the absorbed dose rate at a reference point in the treatment volume can be calculated.12/ In addition:
The licensee shall determine, or obtain from the manufacturer, the location with reference to an accessible point on the radiation head of:
Capabilities shall be provided so that all radiation safety interlocks can be checked. When pre-selection of any of the operating conditions requires action in the treatment room and/or at the treatment control panel, selection at one location shall not give a display at the other location until the requisite selected operations in both locations have been completed.
In addition to Section 6, the following design requirements shall apply:
Spot checks shall be performed on systems subject to RH-1608. during full calibrations and thereafter at intervals not to exceed one (1) month.
NOTE: Spot checks shall include absorbed dose
measurements at a minimum of two (2) depths in a phantom at intervals not to exceed one (1) month. Such spot checks shall meet the following requirements:
All wall, ceiling, and floor areas shall be equivalent or provided with applicable protective barriers. Stationary, mobile or portable x-ray systems shall be provided with either a two (2) meter (6.5 feet) high protective barrier for operator protections during exposures, or shall be provided with means to allow the operator to be at least 2.7 meters (9 feet) from the tube housing assembly during exposures if the equipment has been installed or relocated after January 1, 2006.
For equipment installed before January 1, 2006, there must exist a means to allow the operator to be at least six (6) feet (1.8 meters) from the tube housing assembly during exposures.
The following requirements apply to personnel involved in any aspect of mammography, including production, processing, and interpretation of mammograms and related quality assurance activities.
Interpreting physicians shall meet the minimum requirements of 21 CFR Part 900.12 (a)(1) of the Food and Drug Administration's "Mammography Quality Standards Act."
All reasonable efforts must be made to obtain any of the beneficiary's previous mammogram records, including original images and films, copies of written reports prepared by interpreting physicians, and other relevant information pertinent to previous mammograms that might be available from others, for comparison with current mammogram records. All reporting and record keeping must meet the requirements of 21 CFR Part 900.12(c) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
The equipment used to perform mammography should be specifically designed for mammography and must meet the following standards:
Certified equipment must meet the FDA performance standards for diagnostic x-ray systems and their major components at 21 CFR 1020.30 and FDA's standards for radiographic equipment at 21 CFR 1020.31.
The measured focal spot size of the x-ray tube should not exceed 0.7 mm.
The equipment must have a control panel that includes a device (usually a milliammeter) or means for an audible signal to give positive indication of the production of x-rays whenever the x-ray tube is energized. The control panel must include appropriate indicators (labeled control settings of meters that show the physical factors such as kilovoltage potential [kVp], milliampere seconds [mAs], exposure time, or whether timing is automatic) used for exposure.
All variable parameters of the equipment must be evaluated and adjusted as needed to comply with 21 CFR Part 900.12(e)(10) of the FDA's "Mammography Quality Standards Act." This includes but is not limited to the following:
Mammograms must be conducted using equipment and operating procedures free of unnecessary hazards and providing minimum radiation exposure to patients, personnel, and other persons in the immediate environment.
Proper safety precautions must be maintained. This includes adequate shielding for patients, personnel, and facilities. The equipment must be operable only from a shielded position.
Personnel operating the equipment must be monitored in accordance with RH-1301. and RH-1302.
Periodic inspection of equipment and shielding must be made by a staff or consultant medical physicist or by a physicist approved by an appropriate State or local government agency as meeting the qualification requirements of RH-1610. Identified hazards must be promptly corrected.
All equipment must be shockproof and grounded.
Each facility must establish and maintain a quality assurance program that meets the requirements of 21 CFR Part 900.12(d) of the FDA's "Mammography Quality Standards Act."
The lead interpreting physician has the following responsibility:
The person furnishing medical physics support has the overall responsibility for establishing and conducting the ongoing equipment quality assurance program. That individual's specific duties must include:
The quality control technologist must perform the tasks within the quality assurance program that are not assigned to the lead interpreting physician or the medical physicist.
The facility must ensure the quality of mammography by maintaining a quality assurance program that meets the requirements found in 21 CFR Part 900.12(e) of the FDA's "Mammography Quality Standards Act" and verifying that the action limits described in Part 900.12(e) have been met. These tests and their frequencies are as follows:
Processor performance tests, which includes assessment of base plus fog density, mid-density, and density difference.
Image quality evaluation test using an FDA-approved phantom.
Fixer retention in film test, repeat film analysis.
Dark room fog evaluation, screen film contact test and compression device evaluation.
Automatic exposure control performance, kilovoltage peak (kVp) accuracy and reproducibility, focal spot condition, breast entrance air kerma and AEC reproducibility, dosimetry, x-ray field/light field/image receptor/compression paddle alignment, uniformity of screen speed, radiation output, system artifacts, and decompression.
The facility shall verify that mammography units used to produce mammograms at more than one location meet the requirements in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(6) of 21 CFR Part 900.12. In addition, at each examination location, before any examinations are conducted, the facility shall verify satisfactory performance of such units using a test method that establishes the adequacy of the image quality produced by the unit.
For systems with image receptor modalities other than screen-film, the quality assurance program shall be substantially the same as the quality assurance program recommended by the image receptor manufacturer, except that the maximum allowable dose shall not exceed the maximum allowable dose for screen-film systems in the FDA 21 CFR Part 900.12 (e)(5)(vi).
Facilities shall establish and comply with a system specifying procedures to be followed by the facility for cleaning and disinfecting mammography equipment after contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. This system shall specify the methods for documenting facility compliance with the infection control procedures established and shall comply with the requirements in the FDA 21 CFR Part 900.12(e)(13).
Quality assurance test results must be evaluated in a timely manner by the individual that is responsible for performing the test to ensue compliance with 21 CFR Part 900.12(e)(8) of the FDA "Mammography Quality Standards Act." The responsible individuals are limited to the lead interpreting physician, the medical physicist and the quality control technologist.
Each facility must establish and maintain a medical outcomes audit program to follow-up positive mammographic assessments and to correlate pathology results to the interpreting physician's findings. This program must comply with 21 CFR Part 900.12(f) of the FDA "Mammography Quality Standards Act."
Each facility must have procedures, which specify techniques, and procedures for imaging patients with breast implants. These procedures must comply with 21 CFR Part 900.12(g) of the FDA "Mammography Quality Standards Act."
Each facility must have a consumer complaint mechanism. This mechanism must comply with 21 CFR Part 900.12(h) of the FDA "Mammography Quality Standards Act."
Facilities who wish to be accredited for diagnostic mammography shall, in addition to meeting all of the requirements for mammography also:
Applications for accreditation or renewal shall be made on forms supplied by the Department. Evidence of compliance with all of the requirements for performing screening and/or diagnostic mammography and the accreditation fee must be included with the application.
Facilities shall maintain records to document the qualifications of all personnel who worked at the facility as interpreting physicians, radiologic technologists, or medical physicists. These records must be available for review by the MQSA inspectors. Records of personnel no longer employed by the facility should not be discarded until the next annual inspection has been completed, and FDA has determined that the facility is in compliance with MQSA personnel requirements.
All quality assurance record keeping shall meet the requirements of 21 CFR Part 900.12(d)(2) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "Mammography Quality Standards Act." The lead interpreting physician, quality control technologist, and medical physicist shall ensure that records concerning mammography technique and procedures, quality control (including monitoring data, problems detected by analysis of that data, corrective actions, and the effectiveness of the corrective actions), safety, protection, and employee qualifications to meet assigned quality assurance tasks, are properly maintained and updated. The quality control records shall be kept for each test specified in paragraphs (e) and (f) of 21 CFR Part 900.12 until the next annual inspection has been completed, and FDA has determined that the facility is in compliance with the quality assurance requirements or until the test has been performed two additional times at the required frequency, whichever is longer.
Clinical images produced by any certified facility must continue to comply with the standards for clinical image quality established by that facility's accreditation body.
SCHEDULE A TO SECTION 3
INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED BY PERSONS PROPOSING TO CONDUCT HEALING ARTS SCREENING
Persons requesting that the Department approve a healing arts screening program shall submit the following information and evaluation:
This Part provides special requirements for analytical x-ray equipment. The requirements of this Part are in addition to, and not in substitution for, applicable requirements in other Parts of these Regulations.
A device which prevents the entry of any portion of an individual's body into the primary x-ray beam path or which causes the beam to be shut off upon entry into its path shall be provided on all open-beam configurations. A registrant may apply to the Department for an exemption from the requirement of a safety device. Such application shall include:
Unused ports on radiation machine source housings shall be secured in the closed position in a manner which will prevent casual opening.
All analytical x-ray equipment shall be labeled with a readily discernible sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words:
.
On open-beam configurations installed after January 1, 1979, each port on the radiation source housing shall be equipped with a shutter that cannot be opened unless a collimator or a coupling has been connected to the port.
Each radiation source housing shall be subject to the following requirements:
Each x-ray generator shall be supplied with a protective cabinet which limits leakage radiation measured at a distance of five (5) centimeters from its surface such that it is not capable of producing a dose in excess of 0.25 millirem in one hour.
The local components of an analytical x-ray system shall be located and arranged and shall include sufficient shielding or access control such that no radiation levels exist in any area surrounding the local component group which could result in a dose to an individual present therein in excess of the dose limits given in RH-1208. These levels shall be met at any specified tube rating.
Each area or room containing analytical x-ray equipment shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words "CAUTION - X-RAY EQUIPMENT" or words having a similar intent.
Normal operating procedures shall be written and available to all analytical x-ray equipment workers. No person shall be permitted to operate analytical x-ray equipment in any manner other than that specified in the procedures unless such person has obtained written approval of the Radiation Safety Officer.
No person shall bypass a safety device unless such person has obtained the approval of the Radiation Safety Officer. When a safety device has been bypassed, a readily discernible sign bearing the words "SAFETY DEVICE NOT WORKING," or words having a similar intent, shall be placed on the radiation source housing.
Except as specified in RH-1612.d.2., no operation involving removal of covers, shielding materials or tube housings or modifications to shutters, collimators or beam stops shall be performed without ascertaining that the tube is off and will remain off until safe conditions have been restored. The main switch, rather than interlocks, shall be used for routine shutdown in preparation for repairs.
7T to +7T of the dose profile along a line perpendicular to the tomographic plane divided by the product of the nominal tomographic section thickness and the number of tomograms produced in a single scan.
NOTE: This definition assumes that the dose profile is centered around z = 0 and that, for a multiple tomogram system, the scan increment between adjacent scans is nT.
CTN x = of the material of interest; and CTN w = of water.
where: k = A constant, a normal value of 1,000 when the
Houndsfield scale of CTN is used;
µx = Linear attenuation coefficient of the material of interest; and
µw = Linear attenuation coefficient of water.
where:
CS = Linear attenuation coefficient of the material of interest;
µw = Linear attenuation coefficient of water; and
s = Standard deviation of the CTN of picture elements in a specified area of the CT image.
When data are not being collected for image production, the radiation adjacent to the tube port shall not exceed that permitted by RH-1602.b.3.
(CTDI) identification.
The angular position where the maximum surface CTDI occurs shall be identified to allow for reproducible positioning of a CT dosimetry phantom.
RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS
The Regulations in this Part establish radiation safety requirements for persons utilizing sources of radiation for industrial radiography. The requirements of this Part are in addition to and not in substitution for other applicable requirements of these Regulations.
The Regulations in this Part apply to all licensees or registrants who use sources of radiation for industrial radiography. Except for the Regulations in this Part clearly applicable only to sealed radioactive sources, both radiation machines and sealed radioactive sources are covered by this Part. The provisions of this Part are not applicable to systems designed exclusively for microscopic examination of material, e.g., x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and electron microscope equipment or to systems for intentional exposure of humans to x-rays.
Each licensee shall maintain a copy of its license, license conditions, documents incorporated by reference, and amendments to each of these items until superseded by new documents approved by the Department or until the Department terminates the license.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain records of the calibrations of its radiation survey instruments that are required in RH-1801.e. and retain each record for three (3) years after it is made.
Each licensee shall maintain records of leak test results for sealed sources and for devices containing depleted uranium (DU). The results must be stated in units of microcuries (bequerels). The licensee shall retain each record for three (3) years after it is made or until the source in storage is removed.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain records of alarm system and entrance control device tests required under RH-1801.j. and retain each record for three (3) years after it is made.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain the following records (of training and certification) for three (3) years after the record is made:
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain a copy of current operating and emergency procedures until the Department terminates the license or registration. Superseded material must be retained for three (3) years after the change is made.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain the following exposure records specified in RH-1802.f.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain a record of each exposure device survey conducted before the device is placed in storage as specified in RH-1803.c.3. if that survey is the last one performed in the workday. Each record must be maintained for three (3) years after it is made.
Each record required by RH-1800.d. must be legible throughout the specified retention period. The record may be the original or a reproduced copy or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of reproducing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. Records, such as letters, drawings, and specifications, must include all pertinent information, such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee or registrant shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.
Equipment used in industrial radiographic operations must meet the following minimum criteria:
This publication has been approved for incorporation by Radiation Control. This publication may be purchased through the American National Standards Institute, Inc., Customer Service, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, New York 10036 (Telephone: (212) 642-4980)(Email: ansionline@ansi.org).
A copy of the document is available for inspection in the office of the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control, 5800 West 10th Street, Suite 100, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204.
Engineering analysis may be submitted by an applicant or licensee to demonstrate the applicability of previously performed testing on similar individual radiography equipment components. Upon review, the Department may find this an acceptable alternative to actual testing of the component pursuant to the above referenced standard.
The maximum exposure rate limit for storage containers and source changers are 200 millirem (2 millisieverts) per hour at any exterior surface and ten (10) millirem (0.1 millisieverts) per hour at one (1) meter from any exterior surface with the sealed source in the shielded position.
Should such testing reveal the presence of 0.005 microcurie (185 Bq) or more of removable DU contamination, the exposure device must be removed from use until an evaluation of the wear on the S-tube has been made. Should the evaluation reveal that the S-tube is worn through, the device may not be used again. DU shielded devices do not have to be tested for DU contamination while in storage and not in use. Before using or transferring such a device however, the device must be tested for DU contamination if the interval of storage exceeds twelve (12) months. A record of the DU leak test must be made in accordance with RH-1800.d.4.
Each licensee or registrant shall maintain current logs, which shall be kept available for inspection by the Department, showing for each source of radiation the following information:
The facility may continue to be used during this seven (7) day period, provided the licensee or registrant implements the continuous surveillance requirements of RH-1803.a. and uses an alarming ratemeter. Test records for entrance controls and audible and visual alarm must be maintained in accordance with RH-1800.d.8.
"OFF" position, or a safety interlock fails to terminate x-ray production.
"CAUTION,*
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL,
NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES [or name of company]."
*or DANGER
The Department may confiscate any radiographer's certification card should there be serious health and safety violations relating to the Regulations, license conditions, and/or licensee operating and emergency procedures. The radiographer will be restricted from conducting radiographic operations within the State of Arkansas.
The Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) shall ensure that radiation safety activities are being performed in accordance with approved procedures and regulatory requirements in the daily operation of the licensee's or registrant's program.
During each radiographic operation, the radiographer or the other individual present as required in RH-1802.a. shall maintain continuous, direct visual surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high radiation area, as defined in Section 3, Part D, RH-1303.c., except at permanent radiographic installations where all entryways are locked and the requirements of RH-1801.j. are met.
All areas in which industrial radiography is being performed must be conspicuously posted as required by RH-1303.b. and RH-1303.c. Exceptions listed in RH-1304. do not apply to industrial radiographic operations.
The licensee or registrant shall:
Whenever a radiographer's assistant uses radiographic exposure devices, associated equipment or sealed sources or conducts radiation surveys required by RH-1803.c.2. to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position after an exposure, the assistant shall be under the personal supervision of a radiographer. The personal supervision shall include:
Each licensee or registrant conducting industrial radiography at temporary job sites shall have the following records available at that site for inspection by the Department:
A cabinet x-ray system shall have a permanent floor. Any support surface to which a cabinet x-ray system is permanently affixed may be deemed the floor of the system.
A ground fault shall not result in the generation of x-rays.
For all systems to which this section is applicable, there shall be provided:
For cabinet x-ray systems designed to admit humans, there shall also be provided:
CAUTION: X-RAYS PRODUCED WHEN ENERGIZED
CAUTION:
DO NOT INSERT ANY PART OF THE BODY
WHEN SYSTEM IS ENERGIZED-X-RAY HAZARD
Cabinet radiography units are exempt from other requirements of this Part; however,
Shielded room radiography shall comply with all applicable requirements of this Part.
Industrial radiography performed with a sealed source which is not fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device (fish pole technique) is prohibited unless specifically authorized in a license issued by the Department.
SCHEDULE B TO SECTION 3 RADIOGRAPHIC CERTIFICATION
An independent certifying organization shall:
All certification programs must:
All examinations must be:
AND SUBSURFACE TRACER STUDIES
The Regulations in this Part apply to all licensees who use sources of radiation for wireline service operations including mineral logging, radioactive markers or subsurface tracer studies.
The Regulations in this Part establish radiation safety requirements for persons utilizing sources of radiation for wireline service operations including mineral logging, radioactive markers and subsurface tracer studies. The requirements of this Part are in addition to and not in substitution for other applicable requirements of these Regulations.
A person, as defined in RH-1100.bx. of these Regulations, shall file an application for a specific license authorizing the use of radioactive material in well logging in accordance with RH-403. and RH-404.
The Department will approve an application for a specific license for the use of radioactive material in well logging if the applicant meets the following requirements:
Each license is issued with the condition that the licensee will, at any time before expiration of the license, upon the Department's request, submit written statements, signed under oath or affirmation, to enable the Department to determine whether or not the license should be modified, suspended, or revoked.
"DANGER (or CAUTION) RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL."
"CAUTION,* RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES [or name of company] IF FOUND."
*or DANGER
Each licensee who uses a sealed source shall have the source leak tested for leakage periodically. The licensee shall keep a record of leak test results in units of microcuries and retain the record for inspection by the Department for three (3) years after the leak test is performed.
The wipe of a sealed source must be performed using a leak test kit or method approved by the Department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or an Agreement State. The wipe sample must be taken from the nearest accessible point to the sealed source where contamination might accumulate. The wipe sample must be analyzed for radioactive contamination. The analysis must be capable of detecting the presence of 0.005 microcuries (185 Bq) of radioactive material on the test sample and must be performed by a person approved by the Department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or an Agreement State to perform the analysis.
The following sealed sources are exempt from the periodic leak requirements set out in RH-1935.a. through RH-1935.d.:
Each licensee shall conduct a quarterly physical inventory to account for all radioactive material received and possessed under the license. The licensee shall retain records of the inventory for three (3) years from the date of the inventory for inspection by the Department. The inventory must indicate the quantity and type of radioactive material, the location of the radioactive material, the date of the inventory, and the name of the individual conducting the inventory.
The test source must be held at - 40º C for 20 minutes, 600º C for one (1) hour, and then be subject to a thermal shock test with a temperature drop from 600º C to 20º C within 15 seconds.
A 5 kg steel hammer, 2.5 cm in diameter, must be dropped from a height of one (1) meter onto the test source.
The test source must be subject to a vibration from 25 Hz to 500 Hz at 5 gram amplitude for 30 minutes.
A one (1) gram hammer and pin, 0.3 cm pin diameter, must be dropped from a height of one (1) meter onto the test source.
The test source must be subject to an external pressure of 24,600 pounds per square inch absolute (1.695 x 10 7 pascals).
The licensee may use radioactive markers in wells only if the individual markers contain quantities of radioactive material not exceeding the quantities specified in RH-901., Schedule B. The use of markers is subject to the requirements of RH-1937.
The licensee may use a uranium sinker bar in well logging applications after July 14, 1988, only if it is legibly impressed with the words
"CAUTION - RADIOACTIVE - DEPLETED URANIUM"
and "NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES [or name of company] IF FOUND."
The licensee may use a sealed source in a well without a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers only if the licensee follows a procedure for reducing the probability of the source becoming lodged in the well. The procedure must be approved by the Department pursuant to RH-1913.
The licensee may use an energy compensation source (ECS) which is contained within a logging tool, or other tool components, only if the ECS contains quantities of licensed material not exceeding 100 microcuries (3.7 MBq).
Each licensee shall develop and follow written operating and emergency procedures that cover:
Each licensee shall maintain the following documents and records at the field station:
Each licensee conducting operations at a temporary jobsite shall maintain the following documents and records at the temporary jobsite until the well-logging operation is completed:
The Department may, upon application of any interested person or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions from the requirements of the Regulations in this Part as it determines are authorized by law and will not endanger life or property or the common defense and security and are otherwise in the public interest.
EXAMPLE OF PLAQUE FOR IDENTIFYING WELLS CONTAINING SEALED SOURCES CONTAINING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL ABANDONED DOWNHOLE
The size of the plaque should be convenient for use on active or inactive wells, e.g., a 7 inch square. Letter size of the word "CAUTION" should be approximately twice the letter size of the rest of the information, e.g., 1/2-inch and 1/4-inch letter size, respectively.
Sources of radiation shall be subject to impounding pursuant to Section 5 of these Regulations.
This Part establishes requirements for notices, instructions, and reports by licensees or registrants to individuals engaged in work under a license or registration; and options available to such individuals in connection with Department inspection of licensees or registrants to ascertain compliance with the provisions of the Act and the regulations, orders and licenses issued thereunder regarding radiological working conditions. The Regulations in this Part apply to all persons who receive, possess, use, own or transfer sources of radiation licensed by or registered with the Department pursuant to these Regulations in Section 1 and Section 2.
"This report is furnished to you under the provisions of Arkansas Department of Health Regulations entitled 'Standards for Protection Against Radiation.' You should preserve this report for further reference."
RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR
ANALYTICAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT
This Part provides special requirements for analytical x-ray equipment. The requirements of this Part are in addition to, and not in substitution for, applicable requirements in other parts of these Regulations.
A device which prevents the entry of any portion of an individual's body into the primary x-ray beam path or which causes the beam to be shut off upon entry into its path shall be provided on all open-beam configurations. A registrant may apply to the Department for an exemption from the requirement of a safety device. Such application shall include:
Unused ports on radiation machine source housings shall be secured in the closed position in a manner which will prevent casual opening.
All analytical x-ray equipment shall be labeled with a readily discernible sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words:
On open-beam configurations installed after January 1, 1979, each port on the radiation source housing shall be equipped with a shutter that cannot be opened unless a collimator or a coupling has been connected to the port.
Each radiation source housing shall be subject to the following requirements:
Each x-ray generator shall be supplied with a protective cabinet which limits leakage radiation measured at a distance of 5 centimeters from its surface such that it is not capable of producing a dose in excess of 0.25 millirem in one hour.
The local components of an analytical x-ray system shall be located and arranged and shall include sufficient shielding or access control such that no radiation levels exist in any area surrounding the local component group which could result in a dose to an individual present therein in excess of the dose limits given in RH-1208. These levels shall be met at any specified tube rating.
Each area or room containing analytical x-ray equipment shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation symbol and the words "CAUTION - X-RAY EQUIPMENT" or words having a similar intent.
Normal operating procedures shall be written and available to all analytical x-ray equipment workers. No person shall be permitted to operate analytical x-ray equipment in any manner other than that specified in the procedures unless such person has obtained written approval of the Radiation Safety Officer.
No person shall bypass a safety device unless such person has obtained the approval of the Radiation Safety Officer. When a safety device has been bypassed, a readily discernible sign bearing the words "SAFETY DEVICE NOT WORKING," or words having a similar intent, shall be placed on the radiation source housing.
Except as specified in RH-2904.b., no operation involving removal of covers, shielding materials or tube housings or modifications to shutters, collimators or beam stops shall be performed without ascertaining that the tube is off and will remain off until safe conditions have been restored. The main switch, rather than interlocks, shall be used for routine shutdown in preparation for repairs.
APPENDIX A TO SECTION 3 CONCENTRATIONS IN AIR AND WATER ABOVE NATURAL BACKGROUND
Element (atomic number) | Isotope16/ | Table I __________________ | Table II ____________________ | ||
Column 1 Air (μCi/ml) | Column 2 Water (µCi/ml) | Column 1 Air (µCi/ml) | Column 2 Water (µCi/ml) | ||
Actinium (89) | Ac-227 S | 2 X 10-12 | 6 X 10-5 | 8 X 10-14 | 2 X 10-6 |
I | 3 X 10-11 | 9 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-13 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Ac-228 S | 8 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Americium(95) | Am-241 S | 6 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Am-242m S | 6 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 3 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-12 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Am-242 S | 4 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Am-243 S | 6 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Am-244 S | 4 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | |
I | 2 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-1 | 8 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | |
Antimony (51) | Sb-122 S | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Sb-124 S | 2 X 10-7 | 7 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Sb-125 S | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Argon (18) | A-37 Sub17/ | 6 X 10-3 | ---- | 1 X 10-4 | ---- |
A-41 Sub | 2 X 10-6 | ---- | 4 X 10-8 | ---- | |
Arsenic (33) | As-73 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | |
As-74 S | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
As-76 S | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
As-77 S | 5 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Astatine (85) | At-211 S | 7 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-6 |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Barium (56) | Ba-131 S | 1 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Ba-140 S | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Berkelium (97) | Bk-249 S | 9 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-11 | 6 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-4 | |
Bk-250 S | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Beryllium (4) | Be-7 S | 6 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Bismuth (83) | Bi-206 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Bi-207 S | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-10 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Bi-210 S | 6 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 6 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Bi-212 S | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Bromine (35) | Br-82 S | 1 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Cadmium (48) | Cd-109 S | 5 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Cd-115m S | 4 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cd-115 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Calcium (20) | Ca-45 S | 3 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-6 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Calcium(20) | Ca-47 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Californium (98) | Cf-249 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-14 | 4 X 10-6 |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Cf-250 S | 5 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cf-251 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-14 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cf-252 S | 6 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 7 X 10-6 | |
I | 3 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 7 X 10-6 | |
Cf-253 S | 8 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 8 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-11 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Cf-254 S | 5 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-7 | |
I | 5 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-7 | |
Carbon (6) | C-14 S | 4 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 |
(CO2) Sub17/ | 5 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-6 | |||
Cerium (58) | Ce-141 S | 4 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Ce-143 S | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Ce-144 S | 1 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-5 | |
I | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-5 | |
Cesium (55) | Cs-131 S | 1 X 10-5 | 7 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 |
I | 3 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | |
Cs-134m S | 4 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | |
I | 6 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | |
Cs-134 S | 4 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Cs-135 S | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 9 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Cs-136 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Cesium (55) | Cs-137 S | 6 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 |
I | 1 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Chlorine (17) | Cl-36 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 x 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-10 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Cl-38 S | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Chromium (24) | Cr-51 S | 1 X 10-5 | 5 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Cobalt (27) | Co-57 S | 3 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Co-58m S | 2 X 10-5 | 8 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
I | 9 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Co-58 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Co-60 S | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-5 | |
I | 9 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Copper (29) | Cu-64 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Curium (96) | Cm-242 S | 1 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Cm-243 S | 6 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 5 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Cm-244 S | 9 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-13 | 7 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cm-245 S | 5 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cm-246 S | 5 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Cm-247 S | 5 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 6 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Curium (96) | Cm-248 S | 6 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-14 | 4 X 10-7 |
I | 1 X 10-11 | 4 X 10-5 | 4 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-6 | |
Cm-249 S | 1 X 10-5 | 6 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
I | 1 X 10-5 | 6 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Dysprosium (66) | Dy-165 S | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Dy-165 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Einsteinium (99) | Es-253 S | 8 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-5 |
I | 6 X 10-10 | 7 x 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Es-254m S | 5 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 6 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Es-254 S | 2 X 10-11 | 4 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-5 | |
Es-255 S | 5 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Erbium (68) | Er-169 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Er-171 S | 7 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Europium (63) | Eu-152 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 |
(T1/2=9.2 hrs) I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Eu-152 S | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-5 | |
(T1/2=13 yrs) I | 2 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Eu-154 S | 4 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 7 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Eu-155 S | 9 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Fermium (100) | Fm-254 S | 6 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Fm-255 S | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Fm-256 S | 3 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-7 | |
I | 2 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | 6 X 10-11 | 9 X 10-7 | |
Fluorine (9) | F-18 S | 5 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 |
I | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | |
Gadolinium (64) | Gd-153 S | 2 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 9 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Gd-159 S | 5 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Gallium (31) | Ga-72 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Germanium (32) | Ge-68* S I | 4 X 10-6 1 X 10-8 | 2 X10-2 --- | 1 X 10-7 5 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 --- |
Ge-71 S | 1 X 10-5 | 5 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
I | 6 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Gold (79) | Au-195* S | 8 X 10-6 | 4 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 |
I | 6 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Gold (79) | Au-196 S | 1 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 6 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Au-198 S | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Au-199 S | 1 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Hafnium (72) | Hf-181 S | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Holmium (67) | Ho-166 S | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Hydrogen (1) | H-3 S | 5 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-1 | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 |
I | 5 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-1 | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
Sub17/ | 2 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-5 | |||
Indium (49) | In-113m S | 8 X 10-6 | 4 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 |
I | 7 X 10-6 | 4 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | |
In-114m S | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Indium (49) | In-115m S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
In-115 S | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Iodine (53) | I-125 S | 5 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | 8 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-7 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I-126 S | 8 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | 9 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-7 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I-129 S | 2 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-11 | 6 X 10-8 | |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I-131 S | 9 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-7 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I-132 S | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 8 X 10-6 | |
I | 9 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I-133 S | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10 | 4 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-6 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I-134 S | 5 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | |
I-135 S | 1 X 10-7 | 7 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Iridium (77) | Ir-190 S | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Iridium(77) | Ir-192 S | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Ir-194 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Iron (26) | Fe-55 S | 9 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Fe-59 S | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Krypton (36) | Kr-85m Sub17/ | 6 X 10-6 | --- | 1 X 10-7 | --- |
Kr-85 Sub | 1 X 10-5 | --- | 3 X 10-7 | --- | |
Kr-87 Sub | 1 X 10-6 | --- | 2 X 10-8 | --- | |
Kr-88 Sub | 1 X 10-6 | --- | 2 X 10-8 | --- | |
Lanthanum (57) | La-140 S | 2 X 10-7 | 7 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 7 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Lead (82) | Pb-203 S | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Pb-210 S | 1 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-6 | 4 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-7 | |
I | 2 X 10-10 | 5 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Pb-212 S | 2 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Lutetium (71) | Lu-177 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Manganese (25) | Mn-52 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Mn-54 S | 4 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Mn-56 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Mercury (80) | Hg-197m S | 7 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 8 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Hg-197 S | 1 X 10-6 | 9 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
I | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | |
Hg-203 S | 7 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Molybdenum (42) | Mo-99 S | 7 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Neodymium (60) | Nd-144 S | 8 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-12 | 7 X 10-5 |
I | 3 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Nd-147 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Nd-149 S | 2 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Neptunium (93) | Np-237 S | 4 X 10-12 | 9 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-13 | 3 X 10-6 |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Np-239 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 7 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Nickel (28) | Ni-59 S | 5 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 8 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Ni-63 S | 6 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | |
Ni-65 S | 9 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Niobium (41) | Nb-93m S | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 5 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Nb-95 S | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Nb-97 S | 6 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | |
Osmium (76) | Os-185 S | 5 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Os-191m S | 2 X 10-5 | 7 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
I | 9 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Os-191 S | 1 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Os-193 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Palladium (46) | Pd-103 S | 1 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 5 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 |
I | 7 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Pd-109 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Phosphorus (15) | P-32 S | 7 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 |
I | 8 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Platinum (78) | Pt-191 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 |
I | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Pt-193m S | 7 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | |
Pt-193 S | 1 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-4 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Pt-197m S | 6 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | |
I | 5 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | |
Pt-197 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Plutonium (94) | Pu-238 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-14 | 5 X 10-6 |
I | 3 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Pu-239 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-14 | 5 X 10-6 | |
I | 4 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Pu-240 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-14 | 5 X 10-6 | |
I | 4 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Pu-241 S | 9 X 10-11 | 7 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-3 | |
Plutonium(94) | Pu-242 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-14 | 5 X 10-6 |
I | 4 X 10-11 | 9 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Pu-243 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Pu-244 S | 2 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-14 | 4 X 10-6 | |
I | 3 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 1 X 10-5 | |
Polonium (84) | Po-210 S | 5 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-11 | 7 X 10-7 |
I | 2 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Potassium (19) | K-42 S | 2 X 10-6 | 9 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Praseodymium (59) | |||||
Pr-142 S | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Pr-143 S | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Promethium (61) | |||||
Pm-147 S | 6 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Pm-149 S | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Protoactinium (91) | |||||
Pa-230 S | 2 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 8 X 10-10 | 7 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Pa-231 S | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | 4 X 10-14 | 9 X 10-7 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Pa-233 S | 6 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Radium (88) | Ra-233 S | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | 6 X 10-11 | 7 X 10-7 |
I | 2 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-4 | 8 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-6 | |
Ra-224 S | 5 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-6 | |
I | 7 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 5 X 10-6 | |
Radium (88) | Ra-226 S | 3 X 10-11 | 4 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-8 |
I | 5 X 10-11 | 9 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Ra-228 S | 7 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-8 | |
I | 4 X 10-11 | 7 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Radon (86) | Rn-220 S | 3 X 10-7 | ---- | 1 X 10-8 | ---- |
--- Rn-22218/ S | --- 3 X 10-8 | --- --- | --- 3 X 10-9 | --- --- | |
Rhenium (75) | Re-183 S | 3 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Re-186 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Re-187 S | 9 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Re-188 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Rhodium (45) | Rh-103m S | 8 X 10-5 | 4 X 10-1 | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 |
I | 6 X 10-5 | 3 X 10-1 | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | |
Rh-105 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Rubidium (37) | Rb-86 S | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 |
I | 7 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Rb-87 S | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 7 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Ruthenium (44) | Ru-97 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 6 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Ru-103 S | 5 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
I | 8 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Ru-105 S | 7 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Ru-106 S | 8 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-5 | |
I | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-5 | |
Rhenium (75) | Sm-147 S | 7 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-12 | 6 X 10-5 |
I | 3 X 10-10 | 2 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-12 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Sm-151 S | 6 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 5 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-4 | |
Sm-153 S | 5 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Scandium (21) | Sc-46 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Sc-47 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
I | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Sc-48 S | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Selenium (34) | Se-75 S | 1 X 10-6 | 9 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Silicon (14) | Si-31 S | 6 X 10-6 | 3 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Silver (47) | Ag-105 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 |
8 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 1X10-4 | ||
Ag-110m S | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Ag-111 S | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Sodium (11) | Na-22 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 9 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Na-24 S | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Strontium (38) | Sr-85m S | 4 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-3 |
I | 3 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-3 | |
Sr-85 S | 2 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Strontium(38) | Sr-89 S | 3 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-6 |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Sr-90 S | 1 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-5 | 3 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-7 | |
I | 5 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Sr-91 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Sr-92 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Sulfur (16) | S-35 S | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | |
Tantalum (73) | Ta-182 S | 4 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
I | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-10 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Technetium (43) | Tc-96m S | 8 X 10-5 | 4 X 10-1 | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 |
I | 3 X 10-5 | 3 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | |
Tc-96 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Tc-97m S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Tc-97 S | 1 X 10-5 | 5 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | |
Tc-99m S | 4 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-1 | 1 X 10-6 | 6 X 10-3 | |
I | 1 X 10-5 | 8 X 10-2 | 5 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
Tc-99 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 7 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
I | 6 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Tellurium (52) | Te-125m S | 4 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Te-127m S | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Te-127 S | 2 X 10-6 | 8 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
I | 9 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Te-129m S | 8 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Tellurium(52) | Te-129 S | 5 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 |
| I | 4 X 10-6 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | |
Te-131m S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
| I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Te-132 S | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 7 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
| I | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Terbium (65) | Tb-160 S | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 |
| I | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 4 X 10-5 | |
Thallium (81) | Tl-200 S | 3 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 9 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
| I | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Tl-201 S | 2 X 10-6 | 9 X 10-3 | 7 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-4 | |
| I | 9 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Tl-202 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
| I | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 | |
Tl-204 S | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
| I | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 9 X 10-10 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Thorium (90) | Th-227 S | 3 X 10-10 | 5 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-11 | 2 X 10-5 |
| I | 2 X 10-10 | 5 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Th-228 S | 9 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-13 | 7 X 10-6 | |
| I | 6 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-13 | 1 X 10-5 | |
Thorium (90) | Th-230 S | 2 X 10-12 | 5 X 10-5 | 8 X 10-14 | 2 X 10-6 |
| I | 1 X 10-11 | 9 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-13 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Th-231S | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
| I | 1 X 10-6 | 7 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Th-232 S | 3 X 10-11 | 5 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-6 | |
Th-I | 3 X 10-11 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-5 | |
natural S | 6 X 10-11 | 6 X 10-5 | 2 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-6 | |
| I | 6 X 10-11 | 6 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-12 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Thorium (90) | Th-234 S | 6 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 |
| I | 3 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Thulium (69) | Tm-170 S | 4 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-5 | |
Tm-171 | Tm-171 S | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-4 |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-9 | 5 X 10-4 | |
Tin (50) | Sn-113 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 9 X 10-5 |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 8 X 10-5 | |
Sn-125 S | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 8 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Tungsten (74) | W-181 S | 2 X 10-6 | 1 X 10-2 | 8 X 10-8 | 4 X 10-4 |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-4 | |
W-185 S | 8 X 10-7 | 4 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 | |
W-187 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Uranium (92) | U-230 S | 3 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-11 | 5 X 10-6 |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 5 X 10-6 | |
U-232 S | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-11 | 8 X 10-4 | 9 X 10-13 | 3 X 10-5 | |
U-233 S | 5 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
U-234 S19/ | 6 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 9 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
U-235 S19/ | 5 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-11 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 8 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
U-236 S | 6 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
U-238 S19/ | 7 X 10-11 | 1 X 10-3 | 3 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-12 | 4 X 10-5 | |
U-240 S | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 8 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 2 X 10-7 | 1 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Uranium (92) | U- | ||||
natural S19/ | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-10 | 1 X 10-3 | 5 X 10-12 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Vanadium (23) | V-48 S | 2 X 10-7 | 9 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 |
I | 6 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | 2 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Xenon (54) | Xe-131m Sub | 17/ 2 X 10-5 | ---- | 4 X 10-7 | ---- |
Xe-131 Sub | 1 X 10-5 | 3 X 10-7 | |||
Xe-133 Sub | 1 X 10-5 | 3 X 10-7 | |||
Xe-135 Sub | 4 X 10-6 | ---- | 1 X 10-7 | ---- | |
Ytterbium(70) | Yb-175 S | 7 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 |
I | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-8 | 1 X 10-4 | |
Yttrium (39) | Y-88* S | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 6 X 10-9 | 7 X 10-5 |
I | 5 X 10-8 | 3 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | |
Y-90 S | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 6 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Y-91m S | 2 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-1 | 8 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
I | 2 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-1 | 6 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | |
Y-91 S | 4 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | 1 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Y-92 S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Y-93 S | 2 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 6 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
I | 1 X 10-7 | 8 X 10-4 | 5 X 10-9 | 3 X 10-5 | |
Zinc (30) | Zn-65 S | 1 X 10-7 | 3 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 1 X 10-4 |
I | 6 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-3 | 2 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-4 | |
Zn-69m S | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 7 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-8 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Zn-69 S | 7 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 2 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
I | 9 X 10-6 | 5 X 10-2 | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | |
Zirconium (40) | Zr-93 S | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 4 X 10-9 | 8 X 10-4 |
I | 3 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-2 | 1 X 10-8 | 8 X 10-4 | |
Zr-95 S | 1 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-3 | 4 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
I | 3 X 10-8 | 2 X 10-3 | 1 X 10-9 | 6 X 10-5 | |
Zr-97 S | 1 X 10-7 | 5 X 10-4 | 4 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
I | 9 X 10-8 | 5 X 10-4 | 3 X 10-9 | 2 X 10-5 | |
Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life less than 2 hours. | Sub17/ | 1 X 10-6 | ---- | 3 X 10-8 | ---- |
Any single radio- nuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life greater than 2 hours. | 3 X 10-9 | 9 X 10-5 | 1 X 10-10 | 3 X 10-6 | |
Any single radio-nuclide not listed above, which decays by alpha emission or spontaneous fission. | 6 X 10-13 | 4 X 10-7 | 2 X 10-14 | 3 X 10-8 | |
*The values for Ge-68, Au-195, and Y-88 have been calculated using the committed dose equivalent values of ICRP Publication 30 for the controlling organ.
CONCENTRATIONS IN AIR AND WATER ABOVE NATURAL BACKGROUND
Maximum time between collection and measurement (hrs)10/ | Alpha-emitting daughter activity collected per milliliter of air | Total alpha disintegrations |
microcuries/ml | per minute per ml | |
0.5 | 7.2 X 10-8 | 0.16 |
1.0 | 4.5 X 10-8 | 0.10 |
2.0 | 1.3 X 10-8 | 0.028 |
3.0 | 0.3 X 10-8 | 0.0072 |
NOTE:
In any case where there is a mixture in air or water of more than one radionuclide, the limiting values for purposes of this Appendix should be determined as follows.
Example: If radionuclides a, b, and c are present in concentrations Ca, Cb, and Cc, and if the applicable MPC's are MPCa, MPCb, and MPCc respectively, then the concentrations shall be limited so that the following relationship exists:
a. For purposes of Table I, Column 1: | 6 X 10-13 |
b. For purposes of Table I, Column 2: | 4 X 10-7 |
c. For purposes of Table II, Column 1: | 2 X 10-14 |
d. For purposes of Table II, Column 2: | 3 X 10-8 |
Element (atomic number) Iso | tope16/ | Table I __________________ | Table II ____________________ | ||
Column 1 Air (μCi/ml) | Column 2 Water (μCi/ml) | Column 1 Air (μCi/ml) | Column 2 Water (μCi/ml) | ||
If it is known that Sr-90, I-125, I-126, I-129, I-131, I-133 (Table II only), Pb-210, Po-210, At-211, Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-226, Ac-227, Ra-228, Th-230, Pa-231, Th-232, Th-nat, Cm-248, Cf-254 and Fm-256 are not present | ----- | 9 X 10-5 | ----- | 3 X 10-6 | |
If it is known that Sr-90, I-125, I-126, I-129, I-131, (I-133, Table II only), Pb-210, Po-210, Ra-223, Ra-226, Ra-228, Pa-231, Th-nat, Cm-248, Cf-254 and Fm-256 are not present | ----- | 6 X 10-5 | ----- | 2 X 10-6 | |
If it is known that Sr-90, I-129, (I-125, I-126, I-131, Table II only), Pb-210, Ra-226, Ra-228, Cm-248 and Cf-254 are not present | ----- | 2 X 10-5 | ----- | 6 X 10-7 | |
If it is known that (I-129, Table II only), Ra-226 and Ra-228 are not present | ----- | 3 X 10-6 | ----- | 1 X 10-7 | |
If it is known that alpha-emitters and Sr-90, I-129, Pb-210, Ac-227, Ra-228, Pa-230, Pu-241 and Bk-249 are not present | 3 X 10-9 | ----- | 1 X 10-10 | ----- | |
If it is known that alpha-emitters and Pb-210, Ac-227, Ra-228 and Pu-241 are not present | 3 X 10-10 | ----- | 1 X 10-11 | ----- | |
If it is known that alpha-emitters and | |||||
Ac-227 are not present | 3 X 10-11 | ----- | 1 X 10-12 | ----- | |
If it is known that Ac-227, Th-230, Pa-231, Pu-238, Pu-239, Pu-240, Pu-242, Pu-244, Cm-248, Cf-249 and Cf-251 are not present | 3 X 10-12 | ----- | 1 X 10-13 | ----- | |
APPENDIX B TO SECTION 3
(For use in RH-409 and RH-1303)
Material | Microcuries | Material | Microcuries |
Americium-241 | 0.01 | Fluorine-18 | 1,000 |
Antimony-122 | 100 | Gadolinium-153 | 10 |
Antimony-124 | 10 | Gadolinium-159 | 100 |
Antimony-125 | 10 | Gallium-67 | 100 |
Arsenic-73 | 100 | Gallium-72 | 10 |
Arsenic-74 | 10 | Germanium-68 | 10 |
Arsenic-76 | 10 | Germanium-71 | 100 |
Arsenic-77 | 100 | Gold-195 | 10 |
Barium-131 | 10 | Gold-198 | 100 |
Barium-133 | 10 | Gold-199 | 100 |
Barium-140 | 10 | Hafnium-181 | 10 |
Bismuth-210 | 1 | Holmium-166 | 100 |
Bromine-82 | 10 | Hydrogen-3 | 1,000 |
Cadmium-109 | 10 | Indium-111 | 100 |
Cadmium-115m | 10 | Indium-113m | 100 |
Cadmium-115 | 100 | Indium-114m | 10 |
Calcium-45 | 10 | Indium-115m | 100 |
Calcium-47 | 10 | Indium-115 | 10 |
Carbon-14 | 100 | Iodine-123 | 100 |
Cerium-141 | 100 | Iodine-125 | 1 |
Cerium-143 | 100 | Iodine-126 | 1 |
Cerium-144 | 1 | Iodine-129 | 0.1 |
Cesium-129 | 100 | Iodine-131 | 1 |
Cesium-131 | 1,000 | Iodine-132 | 10 |
Cesium-134m | 100 | Iodine-133 | 1 |
Cesium-134 | 1 | Iodine-134 | 10 |
Cesium-135 | 10 | Iodine-135 | 10 |
Cesium-136 | 10 | Iridium-192 | 10 |
Cesium-137 | 10 | Iridium-194 | 100 |
Chlorine-36 | 10 | Iron-54 | 10 |
Chlorine-38 | 10 | Iron-55 | 100 |
Chromium-51 | 1,000 | Iron-59 | 10 |
Cobalt-57 | 100 | Krypton-85 | 100 |
Cobalt-58m | 10 | Krypton-87 | 10 |
Cobalt-58 | 10 | Lanthanum-140 | 10 |
Cobalt-60 | 1 | Lutetium-177 | 100 |
Copper-64 | 100 | Manganese-52 | 10 |
Dysprosium-165 | 10 | Manganese-54 | 10 |
Dysprosium-166 | 100 | Manganese-56 | 10 |
Erbium-169 | 100 | Mercury-197m | 100 |
Erbium-171 | 100 | Mercury-197 | 100 |
Europium-152 9.2h | 100 | Mercury-203 | 10 |
Europium-152 13yr | 1 | Molybdenum-99 | 100 |
Europium-154 | 1 | Neodymium-147 | 100 |
Europium-155 | 10 | Neodymium-149 | 100 |
Nickel-59 | 100 | Sodium-24 | 10 |
Nickel-63 | 10 | Strontium-85 | 10 |
Nickel-65 | 100 | Strontium-89 | 1 |
Niobium-93m | 10 | Strontium-90 | 0.1 |
Niobium-95 | 10 | Strontium-91 | 10 |
Niobium-97 | 10 | Strontium-92 | 10 |
Osmium-185 | 100 | Sulfur-35 | 100 |
Osmium-191m | 100 | Tantalum-182 | 10 |
Osmium-191 | 100 | Technetium-96 | 100 |
Osmium-193 | 100 | Technetium-97m | 100 |
Palladium-103 | 100 | Technetium-97 | 100 |
Palladium-109 | 100 | Technetium-99m | 100 |
Phosphorus-32 | 10 | Technetium-99 | 10 |
Platinum-191 | 100 | Tellurium-125m | 10 |
Platinum-193m | 100 | Tellurium-127m | 10 |
Platinum-193 | 100 | Tellurium-127 | 100 |
Platinum-197m | 100 | Tellurium-129m | 10 |
Platinum-197 | 100 | Tellurium-129 | 100 |
Plutonium-239 | 0.01 | Tellurium-131m | 10 |
Polonium-210 | 0.1 | Tellurium-132 | 10 |
Potassium-42 | 10 | Terbium-160 | 10 |
Potassium-43 | 10 | Thallium-200 | 100 |
Praseodymium-142 | 100 | Thallium-201 | 100 |
Praseodymium-143 | 100 | Thallium-202 | 100 |
Promethium-147 | 10 | Thallium-204 | 10 |
Promethium-149 | 10 | Thorium (natural)20/ | 100 |
Radium-226 | 0.01 | Thulium-170 | 10 |
Rhenium-186 | 100 | Thulium-171 | 10 |
Rhenium-188 | 100 | Tin-113 | 10 |
Rhodium-103m | 100 | Tin-125 | 10 |
Rhodium-105 | 100 | Tungsten-181 | 10 |
Rubidium-81 | 10 | Tungsten-185 | 10 |
Rubidium-86 | 10 | Tungsten-187 | 100 |
Rubidium-87 | 10 | Uranium (natural)21/ | 100 |
Ruthenium-97 | 100 | Uranium-233 | 0.01 |
Ruthenium-103 | 10 | U-234 - U-235 | 0.01 |
Ruthenium-105 | 10 | Vanadium-48 | 10 |
Ruthenium-106 | 1 | Xenon-131m | 1,000 |
Samarium-151 | 10 | Xenon-133 | 100 |
Samarium-153 | 100 | Xenon-135 | 100 |
Scandium-46 | 10 | Ytterbium-175 | 100 |
Scandium-47 | 100 | Yttrium-87 | 10 |
Scandium-48 | 10 | Yttrium-88 | 10 |
Selenium-75 | 10 | Yttrium-90 | 10 |
Silicon-31 | 100 | Yttrium-91 | 10 |
Silver-105 | 10 | Yttrium-92 | 100 |
Silver-110m | 1 | Yttrium-93 | 100 |
Silver-111 | 100 | Zinc-65 | 10 |
Sodium-22 | 1 | Zinc-69m | 100 |
Zinc-69 | 1,000 | ||
Zirconium-93 | 10 | ||
Zirconium-95 | 10 | ||
Zirconium-97 | 10 | ||
Any alpha emitting radionuclide not listed above or mixtures of alpha emitters of unknown composition | 0.01 | ||
Any radionuclide other than alpha emitting radionuclide, not listed above or mixtures of beta emitters of unknown composition | 0.1 |
Note:
For purposes of RH-1303 and RH-1403, where there is involved a combination of isotopes in known amounts, the limit for the combination should be derived as follows: Determine, for each isotope in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific isotope when not in combination. The sum of such ratios for all the isotopes in the combination may not exceed "1" (i.e., "unity"). Example: For purposes of RH-1403, if a particular batch contains 20,000 μCi of Au198 and 50,000 μCi of C14, it may also include not more than 300 μCi of I131. This limit was determined as follows:
The denominator in each of the above ratios was obtained by multiplying the figure in the Table by 1,000 as provided in RH-1403.
APPENDIX C TO SECTION 3
Deleted. (For "Determination of A1 and A2 Quantities," see Appendix A to Section 4.)
APPENDIX D TO SECTION 3 NATIONALLY TRACKED SOURCE THRESHOLDS
(for use with RH-1513.)
The Terabecquerel (TBq) values are the regulatory standard. The curie (Ci) values specified are obtained by converting from the TBq value. The curie values are provided for practical usefulness only and are rounded after conversion.
Radioactive material | Category 1 (TBq) | Category 1 (Ci) | Category 2 (TBq) | Category 2 (Ci) |
Actinium-227 | 20 | 540 | 0.2 | 5.4 |
Americium-241 | 60 | 1,600 | 0.6 | 16 |
Americium-241/Be | 60 | 1,600 | 0.6 | 16 |
Californium-252 | 20 | 540 | 0.2 | 5.4 |
Cobalt-60 | 30 | 810 | 0.3 | 8.1 |
Curium-244 | 50 | 1,400 | 0.5 | 14 |
Cesium-137 | 100 | 2,700 | 1 | 27 |
Gadolinium-153 | 1,000 | 27,000 | 10 | 270 |
Iridium-192 | 80 | 2,200 | 0.8 | 22 |
Plutonium-238 | 60 | 1,600 | 0.6 | 16 |
Plutonium-239/Be | 60 | 1,600 | 0.6 | 16 |
Polonium-210 | 60 | 1,600 | 0.6 | 16 |
Promethium-147 | 40,000 | 1,100,000 | 400 | 11,000 |
Radium-226 | 40 | 1,100 | 0.4 | 11 |
Selenium-75 | 200 | 5,400 | 2 | 54 |
Strontium-90 | 1,000 | 27,000 | 10 | 270 |
Thorium-228 | 20 | 540 | 0.2 | 5.4 |
Thorium-229 | 20 | 540 | 0.2 | 5.4 |
Thulium-170 | 20,000 | 540,000 | 200 | 5,400 |
Ytterbium-169 | 300 | 8,100 | 3 | 81 |
APPENDIX E TO SECTION 3 ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTORS FOR RESPIRATORS a
RESPIRATOR TYPE | OPERATING MODE | ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR |
I. Air Purifying Respirators [Particulate bonly]c | ||
Filtering facepiece disposabled | Negative Pressure | (d) |
Facepiece, halfe | Negative Pressure | 10 |
Facepiece, full | Negative Pressure | 100 |
Facepiece, half | Powered air-purifying respirators | 50 |
Facepiece, full | Powered air-purifying respirator | 1000 |
Helmet/hood | Powered air-purifying respirator | 1000 |
Facepiece, loose-fitting | Powered air-purifying respirator | 25 |
II. Atmosphere supplying respirators [particulate, gases and vapors f] | ||
1. Air-line respirators | ||
Facepiece, half | Demand | 10 |
Facepiece, half | Continuous flow | 50 |
Facepiece, half | Pressure demand | 50 |
Facepiece, full | Demand | 100 |
Facepiece, full | Continuous flow | 1000 |
Facepiece, full | Pressure demand | 1000 |
Helmet/hood | Continuous flow | 1000 |
Facepiece, loose-fitting | Continuous flow | 25 |
Suit | Continuous flow | (g) |
2. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) | ||
Facepiece, full | Demand | 100h |
Facepiece, full | Pressure demand | 10,000i |
Facepiece, full | Demand, re-circulating | 100h |
Facepiece, full | Positive pressure recirculating | 10,000 i |
III. Combination Respirators | ||
Any combination of air-purifying and atmosphere-supplying respirators | Assigned protection factor for type and mode of operation as listed above | |
Footnotes for Appendix E to Section 3:
a These assigned protection factors apply only in a respiratory protection program that meets the requirements of this Section. They are applicable only to airborne radiological hazards and may not be appropriate to circumstances when chemical or other respiratory hazards exist instead of, or in addition to, radioactive hazards. Selection and use of respirators for such circumstances must also comply with Department of Labor regulations. Radioactive contaminants for which the concentration values in Table I, Column 3 of Appendix G to Section 3 are based on internal dose due to inhalation may, in addition, present external exposure hazards at higher concentrations. Under these circumstances, limitation on occupancy may have to be governed by external dose limits.
b Air purifying respirators with APF <100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 95 percent efficient. Air purifying respirators with APF = 100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 99 percent efficient. Air purifying respirators with APFs > 100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 99.97 percent efficient.
c The licensee may apply to the Department for the use of an APF greater than one (1) for sorbent cartridges as protection against airborne radioactive gases and vapors (e.g., radioiodine).
d Licensees may permit individuals to use this type of respirator who have not been medically screened or fit tested on the device provided that no credit be taken for their use in estimating intake or dose. It is also recognized that it is difficult to perform an effective positive or negative pressure pre-use seal check on this type of device. All other respiratory protection program requirements listed in RH-1303.f. apply. An assigned protection factor has not been assigned for these devices. However, an APF equal to ten (10) may be used if the licensee can demonstrate a fit factor of at least 100 by use of a validated or evaluated, qualitative or quantitative fit test.
e Under-chin type only. No distinction is made in this Appendix between elastomeric half-masks with replaceable cartridges and those designed with the filter medium as an integral part of the facepiece (e.g., disposable or reusable disposable). Both types are acceptable so long as the seal area of the latter contains some substantial type of seal-enhancing material such as rubber or plastic, the two or more suspension straps are adjustable, the filter medium is at least 95 percent efficient and all other requirement of this Part are met.
f The assigned protection factors for gases and vapors are not applicable to radioactive contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard. For tritium oxide vapor, approximately one-third of the intake occurs by absorption through the skin so that an overall protection factor of three (3) is appropriate when atmosphere-supplying respirators are used to protect against tritium oxide. Exposure to radioactive noble gases is not considered a significant respiratory hazard, and protective actions for these contaminants should be based on external (submersion) dose considerations.
g No NIOSH approval schedule is currently available for atmosphere supplying suits. This equipment may be used in an acceptable respiratory protection program as long as all the other minimum program requirements, with the exception of fit testing, are met (i.e., RH-1303.f.).
h The licensee should implement institutional controls to assure that these devices are not used in areas immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).
i This type of respirator may be used as an emergency device in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation hazards. External radiation hazards and other limitation to permitted exposure such as skin absorption shall be taken into account in these circumstances. This device may not be used by any individual who experiences perceptible outward leakage of breathing gas while wearing the device.
APPENDIX F TO SECTION 3 LIST OF ELEMENTS
Name | Symbol | Atomic number | Name | Symbol | Atomic number |
Actinium | Ac | 89 | Iodine | I | 53 |
Aluminum | Al | 13 | Iridium | Ir | 77 |
Americium | Am | 95 | Iron | Fe | 26 |
Antimony | Sb | 51 | Krypton | Kr | 36 |
Argon | Ar | 18 | Lanthanum | La | 57 |
Arsenic | As | 33 | Lead | Pb | 82 |
Astatine | At | 85 | Lutetium | Lu | 71 |
Barium | Ba | 56 | Magnesium | Mg | 12 |
Berkelium | Bk | 97 | Manganese | Mn | 25 |
Beryllium | Be | 4 | Mendelevium | Md | 101 |
Bismuth | Bi | 83 | Mercury | Hg | 80 |
Bromine | Br | 35 | Molybdenum | Mo | 42 |
Cadmium | Cd | 48 | Neodymium | Nd | 60 |
Calcium | Ca | 20 | Neptunium | Np | 93 |
Californium | Cf | 98 | Nickel | Ni | 28 |
Carbon | C | 6 | Niobium | Nb | 41 |
Cerium | Ce | 58 | Nitrogen | N | 7 |
Cesium | Cs | 55 | Osmium | Os | 76 |
Chlorine | Cl | 17 | Oxygen | O | 8 |
Chromium | Cr | 24 | Palladium | Pd | 46 |
Cobalt | Co | 27 | Phosphorus | P | 15 |
Copper | Cu | 29 | Platinum | Pt | 78 |
Curium | Cm | 96 | Plutonium | Pu | 94 |
Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | Polonium | Po | 84 |
Einsteinium | Es | 99 | Potassium | K | 19 |
Erbium | Er | 68 | Praseodymium | Pr | 59 |
Europium | Eu | 63 | Promethium | Pm | 61 |
Fermium | Fm | 100 | Protactinium | Pa | 91 |
Fluorine | F | 9 | Radium | Ra | 88 |
Francium | Fr | 87 | Radon | Rn | 86 |
Gadolinium | Gd | 64 | Rhenium | Re | 75 |
Gallium | Ga | 31 | Rhodium | Rh | 45 |
Germanium | Ge | 32 | Rubidium | Rb | 37 |
Gold | Au | 79 | Ruthenium | Ru | 44 |
Hafnium | Hf | 72 | Samarium | Sm | 62 |
Holmium | Ho | 67 | Scandium | Sc | 21 |
Hydrogen | H | 1 | Selenium | Se | 34 |
Indium | In | 49 | Silicon | Si | 14 |
Silver | Ag | 47 | |||
Sodium | Na | 11 | |||
Strontium | Sr | 38 | |||
Sulfur | S | 16 | |||
Tantalum | Ta | 73 | |||
Technetium | Tc | 43 | |||
Tellurium | Te | 52 | |||
Terbium | Tb | 65 | |||
Thallium | Tl | 81 | |||
Thorium | Th | 90 | |||
Thulium | Tm | 69 | |||
Tin | Sn | 50 | |||
Titanium | Ti | 22 | |||
Tungsten | W | 74 | |||
Uranium | U | 92 | |||
Vanadium | V | 23 | |||
Xenon | Xe | 54 | |||
Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | |||
Yttrium | Y | 39 | |||
Zinc | Zn | 30 | |||
Zirconium | Zr | 40 |
APPENDIX G TO SECTION 3
ANNUAL LIMITS ON INTAKE (ALIs) AND DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATIONS (DACs)
OF RADIONUCLIDES FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE;
EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS;
CONCENTRATIONS FOR RELEASE TO SEWERAGE
Introduction
For each radionuclide, Table I indicates the chemical form which is to be used for selecting the appropriate ALI or DAC value. The ALIs and DACs for inhalation are given for an aerosol with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 1 µm (micron), and for three classes (D,W,Y) of radioactive material, which refer to their retention (approximately days, weeks or years) in the pulmonary region of the lung. This classification applies to a range of clearance half-times for D if less than 10 days, for W from 10 to 100 days, and for Y greater than 100 days. The class (D, W, or Y) given in the column headed "Class" applies only to the inhalation ALIs and DACs given in Table I, column 2 and 3. Table II provides concentration limits for airborne and liquid effluents released to the general environment. Table III provides concentration limits for discharges to sanitary sewerage.
Note: The values in Tables I, II, and III are presented in the computer "E" notation. In this notation a value of 6E-02 represents a value of 6 x 10-2 or 0.06, 6E+2 represents 6 x 102 or 600, and 6E+0 represents 6 x 100 or 6.
Table I: Occupational Values
Note that the columns in Table I of this appendix captioned "Oral Ingestion ALI," "Inhalation ALI," and "DAC," are applicable to occupational exposure to radioactive material.
The ALIs in this appendix are the annual intakes of given radionuclide by "Reference man" which would result in either (1) a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 sievert (5 rem), stochastic ALI, or (2) a committed dose equivalent of 0.5 sievert (50 rem) to an organ or tissue, non-stochastic ALI. The stochastic ALIs were derived to result in a risk, due to irradiation of organs and tissues, comparable to the risk associated with deep dose equivalent to the whole body of 0.05 sievert (5 rem). The derivation includes multiplying the committed dose equivalent to an organ or tissue by a weighting factor, wT. This weighting factor is the proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of the organ or tissue, T, to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. The values of wT are listed under the definition of weighting factor in RH-1100.ds. The non-stochastic ALIs were derived to avoid non-stochastic effects, such as prompt damage to tissue or reduction in organ function.
A value of wT = 0.06 is applicable to each of the 5 organs or tissues in the "remainder" category receiving the highest dose equivalents, and the dose equivalents of all other remaining tissues may be disregarded. The following portions of the GI tract - stomach, small intestine, upper large intestine, and lower large intestine - are to be treated as 4 separate organs.
Note that the dose equivalents for an extremity, skin and lens of the eye are not considered in computing the committed effective dose equivalent, but are subject to limits that must be met separately.
When an ALI is defined by the stochastic dose limit, this value alone is given. When an ALI is determined by the non-stochastic dose limit to an organ, the organ or tissue to which the limit applies is shown, and the ALI for the stochastic limit is shown in parentheses. Abbreviated organ or tissue designations are used:
LLI wall = lower large intestine wall; St. wall = stomach wall; Blad wall = bladder wall; and Bone surf = bone surface.
The use of the ALIs listed first, the more limiting of the stochastic and non-stochastic ALIs, will ensure that non-stochastic effects are avoided and that the risk of stochastic effects is limited to an acceptably low value. If, in a particular situation involving a radionuclide for which the non-stochastic ALI is limiting, use of that non-stochastic ALI is considered unduly conservative, the licensee may use the stochastic ALI to determine the committed effective dose equivalent. However, the licensee shall also ensure that the 0.5 sievert (50 rem) dose equivalent limit for any organ or tissue is not exceeded by the sum of the external deep dose equivalent plus the internal committed dose equivalent to that organ, not the effective dose. For the case where there is no external dose contribution, this would be demonstrated if the sum of the fractions of the nonstochastic ALIs (ALIns) that contribute to the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose does not exceed unity, that is, ∑ (intake (in µCi) of each radionuclide/ALIns) <1.0. If there is an external deep dose equivalent contribution of Hd, then this sum must be less than 1 - (Hd/50), instead of < 1.0.
Note that the dose equivalents for an extremity, skin, and lens of the eye are not considered in computing the committed effective dose equivalent, but are subject to limits that must be met separately.
The derived air concentration (DAC) values are derived limits intended to control chronic occupational exposures. The relationship between the DAC and the ALI is given by:
DAC = ALI(in µCi)/(2000 hours per working year x 60 minutes/hour x 2 x 104 ml per minute)
= [ALI/2.4 x 109] µCi/ml,
where 2 x 104 ml is the volume of air breathed per minute at work by "Reference man" under working conditions of "light work."
The DAC values relate to 1 of 2 modes of exposure: either external submersion or the internal committed dose equivalents resulting from inhalation of radioactive materials. DACs based upon submersion are for immersion in a semi-infinite cloud of uniform concentration and apply to each radionuclide separately.
The ALI and DAC values include contributions to exposure by the single radionuclide named and any ingrowth of daughter radionuclides produced in the body by decay of the parent. However, intakes that include both the parent and daughter radionuclides should be treated by the general method appropriate for mixtures.
The values of ALI and DAC do not apply directly when the individual both ingests and inhales a radionuclide, when the individual is exposed to a mixture of radionuclides by either inhalation or ingestion or both, or when the individual is exposed to both internal and external irradiation. See RH-1201. When an individual is exposed to radioactive materials which fall under several of the translocation classifications of the same radionuclide, such as Class D, Class W, or Class Y, the exposure may be evaluated as if it were a mixture of different radionuclides.
It should be noted that the classification of a compound as Class D, W, or Y is based on the chemical form of the compound and does not take into account the radiological half-life of different radionuclides. For this reason, values are given for Class D, W, and Y compounds, even for very short-lived radionuclides.
Table II : Effluent Concentrations
The columns in Table II of this appendix captioned "Effluents," "Air" and "Water" are applicable to the assessment and control of dose to the public, particularly in the implementation of the provisions of RH-1209. The concentration values given in Columns 1 and 2 of Table II are equivalent to the radionuclide concentrations which, if inhaled or ingested continuously over the course of a year, would produce a total effective dose equivalent of 0.5 millisievert (0.05 rem).
Consideration of non-stochastic limits has not been included in deriving the air and water effluent concentration limits because non-stochastic effects are presumed not to occur at or below the dose levels established for individual members of the public. For radionuclides, where the non-stochastic limit was governing in deriving the occupational DAC, the stochastic ALI was used in deriving the corresponding airborne effluent limit in Table II. For this reason, the DAC and airborne effluent limits are not always proportional as was the case in Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20.1-20.601.
The air concentration values listed in Table II, Column 1 were derived by one of two methods. For those radionuclides for which the stochastic limit is governing, the occupational stochastic inhalation ALI was divided by 2.4 x 109 (ml), relating the inhalation ALI to the DAC, as explained above, and then divided by a factor of 300. The factor of 300 includes the following components: a factor of 50 to relate the 0.05 sievert (5 rem) annual occupational dose limit to the 1 millisievert (0.1 rem) limit for members of the public, a factor of 3 to adjust for the difference in exposure time and the inhalation rate for a worker and that for members of the public; and a factor of 2 to adjust the occupational values, derived for adults, so that they are applicable to other age groups.
For those radionuclides for which submersion, that is external dose, is limiting, the occupational DAC in Table I, Column 3 was divided by 219. The factor of 219 is composed of a factor of 50, as described above, and a factor of 4.38 relating occupational exposure for 2,000 hours per year to full-time exposure (8,760 hours per year). Note that an additional factor of 2 for age considerations is not warranted in the submersion case.
The water concentrations were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 107. The factor of 7.3 x 107 (ml) includes the following components: the factors of 50 and 2 described above and a factor of 7.3 x 105 (ml) which is the annual water intake of "Reference man."
Note 2 of this appendix provides groupings of radionuclides which are applicable to unknown mixtures of radionuclides. These groupings, including occupational inhalation ALIs and DACs, air and water effluent concentrations and releases to sewer, require demonstrating that the most limiting radionuclides in successive classes are absent. The limit for the unknown mixture is defined when the presence of one of the listed radionuclides cannot be definitely excluded as being present either from knowledge of the radionuclide composition of the source or from actual measurements.
Table III: Releases to Sewers
The monthly average concentrations for release to sanitary sewers are applicable to the provisions in RH-1402. The concentration values were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 x 106 (ml). The factor of 7.3 x 106 (ml) is composed of a factor of 7.3 x 105 (ml), the annual water intake by "Reference Man," and a factor of 10, such that the concentrations, if the sewage released by the licensee were the only source of water ingested by a reference man during a year, would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 0.5 rem.
Annual Limits on Intake (ALIs) and Derived Air Concentrations (DACs) of Radionuclides for Occupational Exposure; Effluent Concentrations; Concentrations for Release to Sewerage
Atomic No. | Radionuclide | Class | Table I Occupational Values | Table II Effluent Concentrations | Table III Releases to Sewers | |||
Col. 1 Oral Ingestion ALI (μCi) | Col. 2 Inhala | Col. 3 tion | Col. 1 Air (μCi/ml) | Col. 2 Water (μCi/ml) | Monthly Average Concentration (μCi/ml) | |||
ALI (μCi) | DAC (μCi/ml) | |||||||
1 | Hydrogen-3 | Water, DAC includes skin absorption | 8E+4 | 8E+4 | 2E-5 | 1E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
Gas (HT or T2) Submersiona/: Use above values as HT and T2 oxidize in air and in the body to HTO. | ||||||||
4 | Beryllium-7 | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 4E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
Y, oxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
4 | Beryllium-10 | W, see 7Be | 1E+3 | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 7Be | - | 1E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
6 | Carbon-11b/ | Monoxide | - | 1E+6 | 5E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - |
Dioxide | - | 6E+5 | 3E-4 | 9E-7 | - | - | ||
Compounds | 4E+5 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | 6E-3 | 6E-2 | ||
6 | Carbon-14 | Monoxide | - | 2E+6 | 7E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - |
Dioxide | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | ||
7 | Nitrogen-13b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 4E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
8 | Oxygen-15b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 4E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
9 | Fluorine-18b/ | D, fluorides of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr | 5E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
W, fluorides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Tc, and Re | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, lanthanum fluoride | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
11 | Sodium-22 | D, all compounds | 4E+2 | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
11 | Sodium-24 | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
12 | Magnesium-28 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 7E+2 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
13 | Aluminum-26 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 4E+2 | 6E+1 | 3E-8 | 9E-11 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates | - | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
14 | Silicon-31 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and nitrates | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, aluminosilicate glass | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
14 | Silicon-32 | D, see 31Si | 2E+3 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
W, see 31Si | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 31Si | - | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | 7E-12 | - | - | ||
15 | Phosphorus-32 | D, all compounds except phosphates given for W | 6E+2 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, phosphates of Zn2+, S3+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Bi3+, and lanthanides | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
15 | Phosphorus-33 | D, see 32P | 6E+3 | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
W, see 32P | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
16 | Sulfur-35 | Vapor | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
D, sulfides and sulfates except those given for W | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
LLI wall (8E+3) | - | - | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
W, elemental sulfur, sulfides of Sr, Ba, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, W, and Mo. Sulfates of Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, As, Sb, and Bi | 6E+3 - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
17 | Chlorine-36 | D, chlorides of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, chlorides of lantha-nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, and Re | - | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
17 | Chlorine-38b/ | D, see 36Cl | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
W, see 36Cl | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
17 | Chlorine-39b/ | D, see 36Cl | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 36Cl | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
18 | Argon-37 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E+0 | 6E-3 | - | - |
18 | Argon-39 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-4 | 8E-7 | - | - |
18 | Argon-41 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
19 | Potassium-40 | D, all compounds | 3E+2 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | 4E-6 | 4E-5 |
19 | Potassium-42 | D, all compounds | 5E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
19 | Potassium-43 | D, all compounds | 6E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
19 | Potassium-44b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
19 | Potassium-45b/ | D, all compounds | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
20 | Calcium-41 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+3) | Bone surf (4E+3) | - | 5E-9 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 | |||
20 | Calcium-45 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 8E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
20 | Calcium-47 | W, all compounds | 8E+2 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
21 | Scandium-43 | Y, all compounds | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
21 | Scandium-44m | Y, all compounds | 5E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
21 | Scandium-44 | Y, all compounds | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
21 | Scandium-46 | Y, all compounds | 9E+2 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
21 | Scandium-47 | Y, all compounds | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
21 | Scandium-48 | Y, all compounds | 8E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
21 | Scandium-49b/ | Y, all compounds | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
22 | Titanium-44 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 3E+2 | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | 2E-11 | 4E-6 | 4E-5 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates | - | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 4E-11 | - | - | ||
Y, SrTi0 | - | 6E+0 | 2E-9 | 8E-12 | - | - | ||
22 | Titanium-45 | D, see 44Ti | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 44Ti | - | 4E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 44Ti | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
23 | Vanadium-47b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 3E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and halides | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
23 | Vanadium-48 | D, see 47V | 6E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 47V | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
23 | Vanadium-49 | D, see 47V | 7E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (9E+4) | Bone surf (3E+4) | - | 5E-8 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 47V | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
24 | Chromium-48 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 6E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
W, halides and nitrates | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
24 | Chromium-49b/ | D, see 48Cr | 3E+4 | 8E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 48Cr | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 48Cr | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
24 | Chromium-51 | D, see 48Cr | 4E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
W, see 48Cr | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 48Cr | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-51b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-52mb/ | D, see 51Mn | 3E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 51Mn | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-52 | D, see 51Mn | 7E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 51Mn | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-53 | D, see 51Mn | 5E+4 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
- | Bone surf (2E+4) | - | 3E-8 | - | - | |||
W, see 51Mn | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-54 | D, see 51Mn | 2E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 51Mn | - | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
25 | Manganese-56 | D, see 51Mn | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 51Mn | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
26 | Iron-52 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 9E+2 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, and halides | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
26 | Iron-55 | D, see 52Fe | 9E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 52Fe | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
26 | Iron-59 | D, see 52Fe | 8E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 52Fe | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - | ||
26 | Iron-60 | D, see 52Fe | 3E+1 | 6E+0 | 3E-9 | 9E-12 | 4E-7 | 4E-6 |
W, see 52Fe | - | 2E+1 | 8E-9 | 3E-11 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-55 | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-56 | W, see 55Co | 5E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
Y, see 55Co | 4E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-57 | W, see 55Co | 8E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
Y, see 55Co | 4E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-58m | W, see 55Co | 6E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 8E-4 | 8E-3 |
Y, see 55Co | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-58 | W, see 55Co | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 55Co | 1E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-60mb/ | W, see 55Co | 1E+6 | 4E+6 | 2E-3 | 6E-6 | - | - |
St wall (1E+6) | - | - | - | 2E-2 | 2E-1 | |||
Y, see 55Co | - | 3E+6 | 1E-3 | 4E-6 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-60 | W, see 55Co | 5E+2 | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | 3E-6 | 3E-5 |
Y, see 55Co | 2E+2 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 5E-11 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-61b/ | W, see 55Co | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, see 55Co | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
27 | Cobalt-62mb/ | W, see 55Co | 4E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
Y, see 55Co | - | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-56 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, and carbides | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-57 | D, see 56Ni | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 56Ni | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-59 | D, see 56Ni | 2E+4 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 56Ni | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-63 | D, see 56Ni | 9E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 56Ni | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-65 | D, see 56Ni | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 56Ni | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
28 | Nickel-66 | D, see 56Ni | 4E+2 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+2) | - | - | - | 6E-6 | 6E-5 | |||
W, see 56Ni | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
Vapor | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
29 | Copper-60b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 3E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, sulfides, halides, and nitrates | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
29 | Copper-61 | D, see 60Cu | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 60Cu | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 60Cu | - | 4E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
29 | Copper-64 | D, see 60Cu | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 60Cu | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 60Cu | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
29 | Copper-67 | D, see 60Cu | 5E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
W, see 60Cu | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 60Cu | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
30 | Zinc-62 | Y, all compounds | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
30 | Zinc-63b/ | Y, all compounds | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
30 | Zinc-65 | Y, all compounds | 4E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | 5E-6 | 5E-5 |
30 | Zinc-69m | Y, all compounds | 4E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
30 | Zinc-69b/ | Y, all compounds | 6E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 8E-4 | 8E-3 |
30 | Zinc-71m | Y, all compounds | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
30 | Zinc-72 | Y, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
31 | Gallium-65b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, halides, and nitrates | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-66 | D, see 65Ga | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 65Ga | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-67 | D, see 65Ga | 7E+3 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 65Ga | - | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-68b/ | D, see 65Ga | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 65Ga | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-70b/ | D, see 65Ga | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 65Ga | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-72 | D, see 65Ga | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 65Ga | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
31 | Gallium-73 | D, see 65Ga | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 65Ga | - | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-66 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, oxides, sulfides, and halides | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-67b/ | D, see 66Ge | 3E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
W, see 66Ge | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-68 | D, see 66Ge | 5E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
W, see 66Ge | - | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-69 | D, see 66Ge | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 66Ge | - | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-71 | D, see 66Ge | 5E+5 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | 7E-3 | 7E-2 |
W, see 66Ge | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-75b/ | D, see 66Ge | 4E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, see 66Ge | - | 8E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
32 | Germanium-77 | D, see 66Ge W, see 66Ge | 9E+3 - | 1E+4 6E+3 | 4E-6 2E-6 | 1E-8 8E-9 | 1E-4 - | 1E-3 - |
32 | Germanium-78b/ | D, see 66Ge | 2E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - |
St wall (2E+4) | - | - | - | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
W, see 66Ge | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
33 | Arsenic-69b/ | W, all compounds | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
33 | Arsenic-70b/ | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
33 | Arsenic-71 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
33 | Arsenic-72 | W, all compounds | 9E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
33 | Arsenic-73 | W, all compounds | 8E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
33 | Arsenic-74 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
33 | Arsenic-76 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
33 | Arsenic-77 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+3) | - | - | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 | |||
33 | Arsenic-78b/ | W, all compounds | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
34 | Selenium-70b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and elemental Se | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-73mb/ | D, see 70Se | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 70Se | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-73 | D, see 70Se | 3E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 70Se | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-75 | D, see 70Se | 5E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
W, see 70Se | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-79 | D, see 70Se | 6E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 8E-6 | 8E-5 |
W, see 70Se | - | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-81mb/ | D, see 70Se | 4E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 70Se | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-81b/ | D, see 70Se | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (8E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 70Se | - | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
34 | Selenium-83b/ | D, see 70Se | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 70Se | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-74mb/ | D, bromides of H, Li, | ||||||
Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
St wall (2E+4) | - | - | - | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
W, bromides of lantha-nides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, | ||||||||
Tc, and Re | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-74b/ | D, see 74mBr | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 74mBr | - | 8E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-75b/ | D, see 74mBr | 3E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 74mBr | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-76 | D, see 74mBr | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
W, see 74mBr | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-77 | D, see 74mBr | 2E+4 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 74mBr | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-80m | D, see 74mBr | 2E+4 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 74mBr | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-80b/ | D, see 74mBr | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 74mBr | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-82 | D, see 74mBr | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 74mBr | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-83 | D, see 74mBr | 5E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, see 74mBr | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
35 | Bromine-84b/ | D, see 74mBr | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, see 74mBr | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
36 | Krypton-74b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-76 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 9E-6 | 4E-8 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-77b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 4E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-79 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-81 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 7E-4 | 3E-6 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-83mb/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-2 | 5E-5 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-85m | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-85 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-4 | 7E-7 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-87b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
36 | Krypton-88 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - |
37 | Rubidium-79b/ | D, all compounds | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
37 | Rubidium-81mb/ | D, all compounds | 2E+5 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+5) | - | - | - | 4E-3 | 4E-2 | |||
37 | Rubidium-81 | D, all compounds | 4E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
37 | Rubidium-82m | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
37 | Rubidium-83 | D, all compounds | 6E+2 | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
37 | Rubidium-84 | D, all compounds | 5E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
37 | Rubidium-86 | D, all compounds | 5E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
37 | Rubidium-87 | D, all compounds | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
37 | Rubidium-88b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
37 | Rubidium-89b/ | D, all compounds | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
38 | Strontium-80b/ | D, all soluble compounds except SrTiO3 | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
Y, all insoluble compounds and SrTi03 | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-81b/ | D, see 80Sr | 3E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, see 80Sr | 2E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-82 | D, see 80Sr | 3E+2 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+2) | - | - | - | 3E-6 | 3E-5 | |||
Y, see 80Sr | 2E+2 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-83 | D, see 80Sr | 3E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 80Sr | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-85mb/ | D, see 80Sr | 2E+5 | 6E+5 | 3E-4 | 9E-7 | 3E-3 | 3E-2 |
Y, see 80Sr | - | 8E+5 | 4E-4 | 1E-6 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-85 | D, see 80Sr | 3E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
Y, see 80Sr | - | 2E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-87m | D, see 80Sr | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
Y, see 80Sr | 4E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-89 | D, see 80Sr | 6E+2 | 8E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
Y, see 80Sr | 5E+2 | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-90 | D, see 80Sr | 3E+1 | 2E+1 | 8E-9 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+1) | Bone surf (2E+1) | - | 3E-11 | 5E-7 | 5E-6 | |||
Y, see 80Sr | - | 4E+0 | 2E-9 | 6E-12 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-91 | D, see 80Sr | 2E+3 | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 80Sr | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
38 | Strontium-92 | D, see 80Sr | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
Y, see 80Sr | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-86mb/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-86 | W, see 86mY | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-87 | W, see 86mY | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-88 | W, see 86mY | 1E+3 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-90m | W, see 86mY | 8E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-90 | W, see 86mY | 4E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+2) | - | - | - | 7E-6 | 7E-5 | |||
Y, see 86mY | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-91mb/ | W, see 86mY | 1E+5 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-91 | W, see 86mY | 5E+2 | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
Y, see 86mY | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-92 | W, see 86mY | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-93 | W, see 86mY | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 86mY | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-94b/ | W, see 86mY | 2E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
Y, see 86mY | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
39 | Yttrium-95b/ | W, see 86mY | 4E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
Y, see 86mY | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
40 | Zirconium-86 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, carbide | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
40 | Zirconium-88 | D, see 86Zr | 4E+3 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
W, see 86Zr | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 86Zr | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
40 | Zirconium-89 | D, see 86Zr | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 86Zr | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 86Zr | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
40 | Zirconium-93 | D, see 86Zr | 1E+3 | 6E+0 | 3E-9 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (3E+3) | Bone surf (2E+1) | - | 2E-11 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
W, see 86Zr | - - | 2E+1 Bone surf (6E+1) | 1E-8 - | - 9E-11 | - - | - - | ||
Y, see 86Zr | - | 6E+1 | 2E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (7E+1) | - | 9E-11 | - | - | |||
40 | Zirconium-95 | D, see 86Zr | 1E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (3E+2) | - | 4E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 86Zr | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 86Zr | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
40 | Zirconium-97 | D, see 86Zr | 6E+2 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 86Zr | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 86Zr | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-88b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-89b/ (66 min) | W, see 88Nb | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-89 (122 min) | W, see 88Nb | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-90 | W, see 88Nb | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-93m | W, see 88Nb | 9E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+4) | - | - | - | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | |||
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-94 | W, see 88Nb | 9E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-95m | W, see 88Nb | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-95 | W, see 88Nb | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-96 | W, see 88Nb | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-97b/ | W, see 88Nb | 2E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
41 | Niobium-98b/ | W, see 88Nb | 1E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 88Nb | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
42 | Molybdenum-90 | D, all compounds except those given for Y | 4E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and MoS2 | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
42 | Molybdenum-93m | D, see 90Mo | 9E+3 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
Y, see 90Mo | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
42 | Molybdenum-93 | D, see 90Mo | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
Y, see 90Mo | 2E+4 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
42 | Molybdenum-99 | D, see 90Mo | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 90Mo | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
42 | Molybdenum-101b/ | D, see 90Mo | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
Y, see 90Mo | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-93mb/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-93 | D, see 93mTc | 3E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-94mb/ | D, see 93mTc | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-94 | D, see 93mTc | 9E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-95m | D, see 93mTc | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-95 | D, see 93mTc | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-96mb/ | D, see 93mTc | 2E+5 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-96 | D, see 93mTc | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-97m | D, see 93mTc | 5E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
- | St wall (7E+3) | - | 1E-8 | - | - | |||
W, see 93mTc | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-97 | D, see 93mTc | 4E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-98 | D, see 93mTc | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-99m | D, see 93mTc | 8E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, see 93mTc | - | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-99 | D, see 93mTc | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
- | St wall (6E+3) | - | 8E-9 | - | - | |||
W, see 93mTc | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-101b/ | D, see 93mTc | 9E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - |
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 2E-3 | 2E-2 | |||
W, see 93mTc | - | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - | ||
43 | Technetium-104b/ | D, see 93mTc | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, see 93mTc | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
44 | Ruthenium-94b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, halides | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
44 | Ruthenium-97 | D, see 94Ru | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 94Ru | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 94Ru | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
44 | Ruthenium-103 | D, see 94Ru | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 94Ru | - | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 94Ru | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
44 | Ruthenium-105 | D, see 94Ru | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 94Ru | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 94Ru | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
44 | Ruthenium-106 | D, see 94Ru | 2E+2 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+2) | - | - | - | 3E-6 | 3E-5 | |||
W, see 94Ru | - | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 8E-11 | - | - | ||
Y, see 94Ru | - | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-99m | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, halides | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-99 | D, see 99mRh | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-100 | D, see 99mRh | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-101m | D, see 99mRh | 6E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-101 | D, see 99mRh | 2E+3 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-102m | D, see 99mRh | 1E+3 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 99mRh | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-102 | D, see 99mRh | 6E+2 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | 8E-6 | 8E-5 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 6E+1 | 2E-8 | 8E-11 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-103mb/ | D, see 99mRh | 4E+5 | 1E+6 | 5E-4 | 2E-6 | 6E-3 | 6E-2 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 1E+6 | 5E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 1E+6 | 5E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-105 | D, see 99mRh | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+3) | - | - | - | 5E-5 | 5E-4 | |||
W, see 99mRh | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-106m | D, see 99mRh | 8E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 99mRh | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 4E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
45 | Rhodium-107b/ | D, see 99mRh | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 99mRh | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 99mRh | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
46 | Palladium-100 | D, all compound44s except those given for W and4 Y | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, nitrates | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
46 | Palladium-101 | D, see 100Pd | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 100Pd | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 100Pd | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
46 | Palladium-103 | D, see 100Pd | 6E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (7E+3) | - | - | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
W, see 100Pd | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 100Pd | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
46 | Palladium-107 | D, see 100Pd | 3E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+4) | Kidneys (2E+4) | - | 3E-8 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 100Pd | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 100Pd | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
46 | Palladium-109 | D, see 100Pd | 2E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 100Pd | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 100Pd | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-102b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, nitrates and sulfides | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-103b/ | D, see 102Ag | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-104mb/ | D, see 102Ag | 3E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-104b/ | D, see 102Ag | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-105 | D, see 102Ag | 3E+3 | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-106m | D, see 102Ag | 8E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-106b/ | D, see 102Ag | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, see 102Ag | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-108m | D, see 102Ag | 6E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 2E+1 | 1E-8 | 3E-11 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-110m | D, see 102Ag | 5E+2 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-111 | D, see 102Ag | 9E+2 | 2E+3 | 6E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | Liver (2E+3) | - | 2E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 102Ag | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-112 | D, see 102Ag | 3E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 102Ag | - | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
47 | Silver-115b/ | D, see 102Ag | 3E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, see 102Ag | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 102Ag | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-104b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, sulfides, halides, and nitrates | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-107 | D, see 104Cd | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 104Cd | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-109 | D, see 104Cd | 3E+2 | 4E+1 | 1E-8 | - | - | - |
Kidneys (4E+2) | Kidneys (5E+1) | - | 7E-11 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 | |||
W, see 104Cd | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | Kidneys (1E+2) | - | 2E-10 | - | - | |||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-113m | D, see 104Cd | 2E+1 | 2E+0 | 1E-9 | - | - | - |
Kidneys (4E+1) | Kidneys (4E+0) | - | 5E-12 | 5E-7 | 5E-6 | |||
W, see 104Cd | - | 8E+0 | 4E-9 | - | - | - | ||
- | Kidneys (1E+1) | - | 2E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-113 | D, see 104Cd | 2E+1 | 2E+0 | 9E-10 | - | - | - |
Kidneys (3E+1) | Kidneys (3E+0) | - | 5E-12 | 4E-7 | 4E-6 | |||
W, see 104Cd | - | 8E+0 | 3E-9 | - | - | - | ||
- | Kidneys (1E+1) | - | 2E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-115m | D, see 104Cd | 3E+2 | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | - | 4E-6 | 4E-5 |
- | Kidneys (8E+1) | - | 1E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 104Cd | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-115 | D, see 104Cd | 9E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
W, see 104Cd | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-117m | D, see 104Cd | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
W, see 104Cd | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
48 | Cadmium-117 | D, see 104Cd | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
W, see 104Cd | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 104Cd | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-109 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, and nitrates | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-110b/ | D, see 109In | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
(69.1 min) | W, see 109In | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | |
49 | Indium-110 | D, see 109In | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
(4.9 h) | W, see 109In | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | |
49 | Indium-111 | D, see 109In | 4E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
W, see 109In | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-112b/ | D, see 109In | 2E+5 | 6E+5 | 3E-4 | 9E-7 | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
W, see 109In | - | 7E+5 | 3E-4 | 1E-6 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-113mb/ | D, see 109In | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
W, see 109In | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-114m | D, see 109In | 3E+2 | 6E+1 | 3E-8 | 9E-11 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+2) | - | - | - | 5E-6 | 5E-5 | |||
W, see 109In | - | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-115m | D, see 109In | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 109In | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-115 | D, see 109In | 4E+1 | 1E+0 | 6E-10 | 2E-12 | 5E-7 | 5E-6 |
W, see 109In | - | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | 8E-12 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-116mb/ | D, see 109In | 2E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 109In | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-117mb/ | D, see 109In | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 109In | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-117b/ | D, see 109In | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | 8E-4 | 8E-3 |
W, see 109In | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
49 | Indium-119mb/ | D, see 109In | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
W, see 109In | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-110 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
W, sulfides, oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, and stannic phosphate | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-111b/ | D, see 110Sn | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, see 110Sn | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-113 | D, see 110Sn | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-117m | D, see 110Sn | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | Bone surf (2E+3) | - | 3E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-119m | D, see 110Sn | 3E+3 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+3) | - | - | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-121m | D, see 110Sn | 3E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+3) | - | - | - | 5E-5 | 5E-4 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-121 | D, see 110Sn | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+3) | - | - | - | 8E-5 | 8E-4 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-123mb/ | D, see 110Sn | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
W, see 110Sn | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-123 | D, see 110Sn | 5E+2 | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 9E-6 | 9E-5 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-125 | D, see 110Sn | 4E+2 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+2) | - | - | - | 6E-6 | 6E-5 | |||
W, see 110Sn | - | 4E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-126 | D, see 110Sn | 3E+2 | 6E+1 | 2E-8 | 8E-11 | 4E-6 | 4E-5 |
W, see 110Sn | - | 7E+1 | 3E-8 | 9E-11 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-127 | D, see 110Sn | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
W, see 110Sn | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
50 | Tin-128b/ | D, see 110Sn | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 110Sn | - | 4E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-115b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 8E+4 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, sulfides, sulfates, and nitrates | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-116mb/ | D, see 115Sb | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 115Sb | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-116b/ | D, see 115Sb | 7E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 115Sb | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-117 | D, see 115Sb | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
W, see 115Sb | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-118m | D, see 115Sb | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 115Sb | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-119 | D, see 115Sb | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 115Sb | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-120b/ | D, see 115Sb | 1E+5 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | - | - |
(16 min) | St wall (2E+5) | - | - | - | 2E-3 | 2E-2 | ||
W, see 115Sb | - | 5E+5 | 2E-4 | 7E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-120 | D, see 115Sb | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
(5.76 d) | W, see 115Sb | 9E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | |
51 | Antimony-122 | D, see 115Sb | 8E+2 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (8E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
W, see 115Sb | 7E+2 | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-124mb/ | D, see 115Sb | 3E+5 | 8E+5 | 4E-4 | 1E-6 | 3E-3 | 3E-2 |
W, see 115Sb | 2E+5 | 6E+5 | 2E-4 | 8E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-124 | D, see 115Sb | 6E+2 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
W, see 115Sb | 5E+2 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-125 | D, see 115Sb | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 115Sb | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-126mb/ | D, see 115Sb | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 9E-4 | 9E-3 | |||
W, see 115Sb | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-126 | D, see 115Sb | 6E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
W, see 115Sb | 5E+2 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-127 | D, see 115Sb | 8E+2 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (8E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
W, see 115Sb | 7E+2 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-128b/ | D, see 115Sb | 8E+4 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - |
(10.4 min) | St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | ||
W, see 115Sb | - | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-128 | D, see 115Sb | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
(9.01 h) | W, see 115Sb | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | |
51 | Antimony-129 | D, see 115Sb | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 115Sb | - | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-130b/ | D, see 115Sb | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 115Sb | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
51 | Antimony-131b/ | D, see 115Sb | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (2E+4) | Thyroid (4E+4) | - | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | |||
W, see 115Sb | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (4E+4) | - | 6E-8 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-116 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-121m | D, see 116Te | 5E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (7E+2) | Bone surf (4E+2) | - | 5E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-121 | D, see 116Te | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 116Te | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-123m | D, see 116Te | 6E+2 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+3) | Bone surf (5E+2) | - | 8E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-123 | D, see 116Te | 5E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+3) | Bone surf (5E+2) | - | 7E-10 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 2E-9 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-125m | D, see 116Te | 1E+3 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+3) | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 1E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-127m | D, see 116Te | 6E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
- | Bone surf (4E+2) | - | 6E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-127 | D, see 116Te | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 116Te | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-129m | D, see 116Te | 5E+2 | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
W, see 116Te | - | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-129b/ | D, see 116Te | 3E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 116Te | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
52 | Tellurium-131m | D, see 116Te | 3E+2 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (6E+2) | Thyroid (1E+3) | - | 2E-9 | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (9E+2) | - | 1E-9 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-131b/ | D, see 116Te | 3E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (6E+3) | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-132 | D, see 116Te | 2E+2 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (7E+2) | Thyroid (8E+2) | - | 1E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (6E+2) | - | 9E-10 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-133mb/ | D, see 116Te | 3E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (6E+3) | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-133b/ | D, see 116Te | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (3E+4) | Thyroid (6E+4) | - | 8E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (6E+4) | - | 8E-8 | - | - | |||
52 | Tellurium-134b/ | D, see 116Te | 2E+4 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (2E+4) | Thyroid (5E+4) | - | 7E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
W, see 116Te | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | - | - | - | ||
- | Thyroid (5E+4) | - | 7E-8 | - | - | |||
53 | Iodine-120mb/ | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - |
Thyroid (1E+4) | - | - | - | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-120b/ | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (8E+3) | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-121 | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (3E+4) | Thyroid (5E+4) | - | 7E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-123 | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (1E+4) | Thyroid (2E+4) | - | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-124 | D, all compounds | 5E+1 | 8E+1 | 3E-8 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (2E+2) | Thyroid (3E+2) | - | 4E-10 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 | |||
53 | Iodine-125 | D, all compounds | 4E+1 | 6E+1 | 3E-8 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (1E+2) | Thyroid (2E+2) | - | 3E-10 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 | |||
53 | Iodine-126 | D, all compounds | 2E+1 | 4E+1 | 1E-8 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (7E+1) | Thyroid (1E+2) | - | 2E-10 | 1E-6 | 1E-5 | |||
53 | Iodine-128b/ | D, all compounds | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-129 | D, all compounds | 5E+0 | 9E+0 | 4E-9 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (2E+1) | Thyroid (3E+1) | - | 4E-11 | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
53 | Iodine-130 | D, all compounds | 4E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (1E+3) | Thyroid (2E+3) | - | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
53 | Iodine-131 | D, all compounds | 3E+1 | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (9E+1) | Thyroid (2E+2) | - | 2E-10 | 1E-6 | 1E-5 | |||
53 | Iodine-132mb/ | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (1E+4) | Thyroid (2E+4) | - | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-132 | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (9E+3) | Thyroid (1E+4) | - | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-133 | D, all compounds | 1E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (5E+2) | Thyroid (9E+2) | - | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 | |||
53 | Iodine-134b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - |
Thyroid (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
53 | Iodine-135 | D, all compounds | 8E+2 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | - | - | - |
Thyroid (3E+3) | Thyroid (4E+3) | - | 6E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
54 | Xenon-120b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-121b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-122 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 7E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-123 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 6E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-125 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-127 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-129m | Submersiona/ | - | - | 2E-4 | 9E-7 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-131m | Submersiona/ | - | - | 4E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-133m | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-4 | 6E-7 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-133 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-135mb/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 9E-6 | 4E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-135 | Submersiona/ | - | - | 1E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - |
54 | Xenon-138b/ | Submersiona/ | - | - | 4E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
55 | Cesium-125b/ | D, all compounds | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
55 | Cesium-127 | D, all compounds | 6E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
55 | Cesium-129 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
55 | Cesium-130b/ | D, all compounds | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
55 | Cesium-131 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
55 | Cesium-132 | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
55 | Cesium-134m | D, all compounds | 1E+5 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 2E-3 | 2E-2 | |||
55 | Cesium-134 | D, all compounds | 7E+1 | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | 2E-10 | 9E-7 | 9E-6 |
55 | Cesium-135mb/ | D, all compounds | 1E+5 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
55 | Cesium-135 | D, all compounds | 7E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
55 | Cesium-136 | D, all compounds | 4E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
55 | Cesium-137 | D, all compounds | 1E+2 | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | 1E-6 | 1E-5 |
55 | Cesium-138b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
56 | Barium-126b/ | D, all compounds | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
56 | Barium-128 | D, all compounds | 5E+2 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
56 | Barium-131mb/ | D, all compounds | 4E+5 | 1E+6 | 6E-4 | 2E-6 | - | - |
St wall (5E+5) | - | - | - | 7E-3 | 7E-2 | |||
56 | Barium-131 | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
56 | Barium-133m | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
56 | Barium-133 | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
56 | Barium-135m | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
56 | Barium-139b/ | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
56 | Barium-140 | D, all compounds | 5E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
56 | Barium-141b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
56 | Barium-142b/ | D, all compounds | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
57 | Lanthanum-131b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
W, oxides and hydroxides | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-132 | D, see 131La | 3E+3 | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 131La | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-135 | D, see 131La | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
W, see 131La | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-137 | D, see 131La | 1E+4 | 6E+1 | 3E-8 | - | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
- | Liver (7E+1) | - | 1E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 131La | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | - | - | ||
- | Liver (3E+2) | - | 4E-10 | - | - | |||
57 | Lanthanum-138 | D, see 131La | 9E+2 | 4E+0 | 1E-9 | 5E-12 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 131La | - | 1E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-140 | D, see 131La | 6E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 131La | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-141 | D, see 131La | 4E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
W, see 131La | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-142b/ | D, see 131La | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 131La | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
57 | Lanthanum-143b/ | D, see 131La | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 | |||
W, see 131La | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-134 | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 5E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-135 | W, see 134Ce | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 134Ce | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-137m | W, see 134Ce | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
Y, see 134Ce | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-137 | W, see 134Ce | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
Y, see 134Ce | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-139 | W, see 134Ce | 5E+3 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
Y, see 134Ce | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-141 | W, see 134Ce | 2E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
Y, see 134Ce | - | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-143 | W, see 134Ce | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 134Ce | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
58 | Cerium-144 | W, see 134Ce | 2E+2 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 4E-11 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+2) | - | - | - | 3E-6 | 3E-5 | |||
Y, see 134Ce | - | 1E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-136b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-137b/ | W, see 136Pr | 4E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-138m | W, see 136Pr | 1E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-139 | W, see 136Pr | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-142m | b/ W, see 136Pr | 8E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-142 | W, see 136Pr | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-143 | W, see 136Pr | 9E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 136Pr | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-144b/ | W, see 136Pr | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
Y, see 136Pr | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-145 | W, see 136Pr | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
Y, see 136Pr | - | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
59 | Praseodymium-147b/ | W, see 136Pr | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (8E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
Y, see 136Pr | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-136b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 1E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-138 | W, see 136Nd | 2E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-139m | W, see 136Nd | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-139b/ | W, see 136Nd | 9E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-141 | W, see 136Nd | 2E+5 | 7E+5 | 3E-4 | 1E-6 | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 6E+5 | 3E-4 | 9E-7 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-147 | W, see 136Nd | 1E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 136Nd | - | 8E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-149b/ | W, see 136Nd | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
60 | Neodymium-151b/ | W, see 136Nd | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
Y, see 136Nd | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-141b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
Y, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and fluorides | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-143 | W, see 141Pm | 5E+3 | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-144 | W, see 141Pm | 1E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-145 | W, see 141Pm | 1E+4 | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
- | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 3E-10 | - | - | |||
Y, see 141Pm | - | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-146 | W, see 141Pm | 2E+3 | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 7E-11 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | 6E-11 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-147 | W, see 141Pm | 4E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+3) | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 3E-10 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 | |||
Y, see 141Pm | - | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-148m | W, see 141Pm | 7E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-148 | W, see 141Pm | 4E+2 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+2) | - | - | - | 7E-6 | 7E-5 | |||
Y, see 141Pm | - | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-149 | W, see 141Pm | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 141Pm | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-150 | W, see 141Pm | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
61 | Promethium-151 | W, see 141Pm | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 141Pm | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
62 | Samarium-141mb/ | W, all compounds | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
62 | Samarium-141b/ | W, all compounds | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
62 | Samarium-142b/ | W, all compounds | 8E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
62 | Samarium-145 | W, all compounds | 6E+3 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
62 | Samarium-146 | W, all compounds | 1E+1 | 4E-2 | 1E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (3E+1) | Bone surf (6E-2) | - | 9E-14 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
62 | Samarium-147 | W, all compounds | 2E+1 | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (3E+1) | Bone surf (7E-2) | - | 1E-13 | 4E-7 | 4E-6 | |||
62 | Samarium-151 | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+4) | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 2E-10 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | |||
62 | Samarium-153 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
62 | Samarium-155b/ | W, all compounds | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (8E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
62 | Samarium-156 | W, all compounds | 5E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
63 | Europium-145 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
63 | Europium-146 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
63 | Europium-147 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
63 | Europium-148 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 4E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
63 | Europium-149 | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
63 | Europium-150 (12.62 h) | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
63 | Europium-150 (34.2 y) | W, all compounds | 8E+2 | 2E+1 | 8E-9 | 3E-11 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
63 | Europium-152m | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
63 | Europium-152 | W, all compounds | 8E+2 | 2E+1 | 1E-8 | 3E-11 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
63 | Europium-154 | W, all compounds | 5E+2 | 2E+1 | 8E-9 | 3E-11 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
63 | Europium-155 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | - | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
- | Bone surf (1E+2) | - | 2E-10 | - | - | |||
63 | Europium-156 | W, all compounds | 6E+2 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | 8E-6 | 8E-5 |
63 | Europium-157 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
63 | Europium-158b/ | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
64 | Gadolinium-145b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
W, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-146 | D, see 145Gd | 1E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 145Gd | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-147 | D, see 145Gd | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 145Gd | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-148 | D, see 145Gd | 1E+1 | 8E+3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 145Gd | - | 3E-2 | 1E-11 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (6E-2) | - | 8E-14 | - | - | |||
64 | Gadolinium-149 | D, see 145Gd | 3E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 145Gd | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-151 | D, see 145Gd | 6E+3 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | - | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
- | Bone surf (6E+2) | - | 9E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 145Gd | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-152 | D, see 145Gd | 2E+1 | 1E-2 | 4E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (3E+1) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 3E-14 | 4E-7 | 4E-6 | |||
W, see 145Gd | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (8E-2) | - | 1E-13 | - | - | |||
64 | Gadolinium-153 | D, see 145Gd | 5E+3 | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 3E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 145Gd | - | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
64 | Gadolinium-159 | D, see 145Gd | 3E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 145Gd | - | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
65 | Terbium-147b/ | W, all compounds | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
65 | Terbium-149 | W, all compounds | 5E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
65 | Terbium-150 | W, all compounds | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
65 | Terbium-151 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
65 | Terbium-153 | W, all compounds | 5E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
65 | Terbium-154 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
65 | Terbium-155 | W, all compounds | 6E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
65 | Terbium-156m (5.0 h) | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
65 | Terbium-156m (24.4 h) | W, all compounds | 7E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
65 | Terbium-156 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
65 | Terbium-157 | W, all compounds | 5E+4 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+4) | Bone surf (6E+2) | - | 8E-10 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 | |||
65 | Terbium-158 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 2E+1 | 8E-9 | 3E-11 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
65 | Terbium-160 | W, all compounds | 8E+2 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
65 | Terbium-161 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
66 | Dysprosium-155 | W, all compounds | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
66 | Dysprosium-157 | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
66 | Dysprosium-159 | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
66 | Dysprosium-165 | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
66 | Dysprosium-166 | W, all compounds | 6E+2 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (8E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
67 | Holmium-155b/ | W, all compounds | 4E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
67 | Holmium-157b/ | W, all compounds | 3E+5 | 1E+6 | 6E-4 | 2E-6 | 4E-3 | 4E-2 |
67 | Holmium-159b/ | W, all compounds | 2E+5 | 1E+6 | 4E-4 | 1E-6 | 3E-3 | 3E-2 |
67 | Holmium-161 | W, all compounds | 1E+5 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
67 | Holmium-162mb/ | W, all compounds | 5E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
67 | Holmium-162b/ | W, all compounds | 5E+5 | 2E+6 | 1E-3 | 3E-6 | - | - |
St wall (8E+5) | - | - | - | 1E-2 | 1E-1 | |||
67 | Holmium-164mb/ | W, all compounds | 1E+5 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
67 | Holmium-164b/ | W, all compounds | 2E+5 | 6E+5 | 3E-4 | 9E-7 | - | - |
St wall (2E+5) | - | - | - | 3E-3 | 3E-2 | |||
67 | Holmium-166m | W, all compounds | 6E+2 | 7E+0 | 3E-9 | 9E-12 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
67 | Holmium-166 | W, all compounds | 9E+2 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (9E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
67 | Holmium-167 | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
68 | Erbium-161 | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
68 | Erbium-165 | W, all compounds | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
68 | Erbium-169 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+3) | - | - | - | 5E-5 | 5E-4 | |||
68 | Erbium-171 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
68 | Erbium-172 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
69 | Thulium-162b/ | W, all compounds | 7E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
69 | Thulium-166 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
69 | Thulium-167 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
69 | Thulium-170 | W, all compounds | 8E+2 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
69 | Thulium-171 | W, all compounds | 1E+4 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+4) | Bone surf (6E+2) | - | 8E-10 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | |||
69 | Thulium-172 | W, all compounds | 7E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (8E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
69 | Thulium-173 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 |
69 | Thulium-175b/ | W, all compounds | 7E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
70 | Ytterbium-162b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 7E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-166 | W, see 162Yb | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 162Yb | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-167b/ | W, see 162Yb | 3E+5 | 8E+5 | 3E-4 | 1E-6 | 4E-3 | 4E-2 |
Y, see 162Yb | - | 7E+5 | 3E-4 | 1E-6 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-169 | W, see 162Yb | 2E+3 | 8E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 162Yb | - | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-175 | W, see 162Yb | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
Y, see 162Yb | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-177b/ | W, see 162Yb | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 162Yb | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
70 | Ytterbium-178b/ | W, see 162Yb | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 162Yb | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-169 | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 3E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, oxides, hydroxides, and fluorides | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-170 | W, see 169Lu | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-171 | W, see 169Lu | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-172 | W, see 169Lu | 1E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 169Lu | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-173 | W, see 169Lu | 5E+3 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
- | Bone surf (5E+2) | - | 6E-10 | - | - | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-174m | W, see 169Lu | 2E+3 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | Bone surf (3E+2) | - | 5E-10 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-174 | W, see 169Lu | 5E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | - | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 3E-10 | - | - | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-176m | W, see 169Lu | 8E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-176 | W, see 169Lu | 7E+2 | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
- | Bone surf (1E+1) | - | 2E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 8E+0 | 3E-9 | 1E-11 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-177m | W, see 169Lu | 7E+2 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
- | Bone surf (1E+2) | - | 2E-10 | - | - | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 8E+1 | 3E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-177 | W, see 169Lu | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-178mb/ | W, see 169Lu | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-178b/ | W, see 169Lu | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
Y, see 169Lu | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
71 | Lutetium-179 | W, see 169Lu | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
Y, see 169Lu | - | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-170 | D, all compounds except those given for W | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, carbides, and nitrates | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-172 | D, see 170Hf | 1E+3 | 9E+0 | 4E-9 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+1) | - | 3E-11 | - | - | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (6E+1) | - | 8E-11 | - | - | |||
72 | Hafnium-173 | D, see 170Hf | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-175 | D, see 170Hf | 3E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
- | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 1E-9 | - | - | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-177mb/ | D, see 170Hf | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-178m | D, see 170Hf | 3E+2 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | - | 3E-6 | 3E-5 |
- | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | - | - | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (9E+0) | - | 1E-11 | - | - | |||
72 | Hafnium-179m | D, see 170Hf | 1E+3 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
- | Bone surf (6E+2) | - | 8E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-180m | D, see 170Hf | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-181 | D, see 170Hf | 1E+3 | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (4E+2) | - | 6E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-182mb/ | D, see 170Hf | 4E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-182 | D, see 170Hf | 2E+2 | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+2) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 2E-12 | 5E-6 | 5E-5 | |||
W, see 170Hf | - | 3E+0 | 1E-9 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (7E+0) | - | 1E-11 | - | - | |||
72 | Hafnium-183b/ | D, see 170Hf | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
72 | Hafnium-184 | D, see 170Hf | 2E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 170Hf | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-172b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
Y, elemental Ta, oxides, hydroxides, halides, carbides, nitrates, and nitrides | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-173 | W, see 172Ta | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-174b/ | W, see 172Ta | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-175 | W, see 172Ta | 6E+3 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-176 | W, see 172Ta | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-177 | W, see 172Ta | 1E+4 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-178 | W, see 172Ta | 2E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-179 | W, see 172Ta | 2E+4 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-180m | W, see 172Ta | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-180 | W, see 172Ta | 1E+3 | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 2E+1 | 1E-8 | 3E-11 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-182mb/ | W, see 172Ta | 2E+5 | 5E+5 | 2E-4 | 8E-7 | - | - |
St wall (2E+5) | - | - | - | 3E-3 | 3E-2 | |||
Y, see 172Ta | - | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-182 | W, see 172Ta | 8E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-183 | W, see 172Ta | 9E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 172Ta | - | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-184 | W, see 172Ta | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-185b/ | W, see 172Ta | 3E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
Y, see 172Ta | - | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | - | - | ||
73 | Tantalum-186b/ | W, see 172Ta | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
Y, see 172Ta | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
74 | Tungsten-176 | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
74 | Tungsten-177 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
74 | Tungsten-178 | D, all compounds | 5E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
74 | Tungsten-179b/ | D, all compounds | 5E+5 | 2E+6 | 7E-4 | 2E-6 | 7E-3 | 7E-2 |
74 | Tungsten-181 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
74 | Tungsten-185 | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
74 | Tungsten-187 | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
74 | Tungsten-188 | D, all compounds | 4E+2 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+2) | - | - | - | 7E-6 | 7E-5 | |||
75 | Rhenium-177b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 9E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - |
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 2E-3 | 2E-2 | |||
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates | - | 4E+5 | 1E-4 | 5E-7 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-178b/ | D, see 177Re | 7E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - |
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 177Re | - | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-181 | D, see 177Re | 5E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-182 | D, see 177Re | 7E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 |
(12.7 h) | W, see 177Re | - | 2E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | |
75 | Rhenium-182 | D, see 177Re | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
(64.0 h) | W, see 177Re | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | |
75 | Rhenium-184m | D, see 177Re | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-184 | D, see 177Re | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-186m | D, see 177Re | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | - | - | - |
St wall (2E+3) | St wall (2E+3) | - | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 177Re | - | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-186 | D, see 177Re | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-187 | D, see 177Re | 6E+5 | 8E+5 | 4E-4 | - | 8E-3 | 8E-2 |
- | St wall (9E+5) | - | 1E-6 | - | - | |||
W, see 177Re | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-188mb/ | D, see 177Re | 8E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, see 177Re | - | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-188 | D, see 177Re | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
75 | Rhenium-189 | D, see 177Re | 3E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 177Re | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-180b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 1E+5 | 4E+5 | 2E-4 | 5E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, halides and nitrates | - | 5E+5 | 2E-4 | 7E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 5E+5 | 2E-4 | 6E-7 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-181b/ | D, see 180Os | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 180Os | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-182 | D, see 180Os | 2E+3 | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 180Os | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-185 | D, see 180Os | 2E+3 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 7E-10 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 180Os | - | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-189m | D, see 180Os | 8E+4 | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
W, see 180Os | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-191m | D, see 180Os | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 180Os | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-191 | D, see 180Os | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
W, see 180Os | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-193 | D, see 180Os | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
W, see 180Os | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
76 | Osmium-194 | D, see 180Os | 4E+2 | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | 6E-11 | - | - |
LLI wall (6E+2) | - | - | - | 8E-6 | 8E-5 | |||
W, see 180Os | - | 6E+1 | 2E-8 | 8E-11 | - | - | ||
Y, see 180Os | - | 8E+0 | 3E-9 | 1E-11 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-182b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 4E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (4E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
W, halides, nitrates, and metallic iridium | - | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-184 | D, see 182Ir | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-185 | D, see 182Ir | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-186 | D, see 182Ir | 2E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-187 | D, see 182Ir | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-188 | D, see 182Ir | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-189 | D, see 182Ir | 5E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+3) | - | - | - | 7E-5 | 7E-4 | |||
W, see 182Ir | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-190mb/ | D, see 182Ir | 2E+5 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-190 | D, see 182Ir | 1E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 1E+3 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-192m | D, see 182Ir | 3E+3 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 2E+1 | 6E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-192 | D, see 182Ir | 9E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-194m | D, see 182Ir | 6E+2 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 2E+2 | 7E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-194 | D, see 182Ir | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-195m | D, see 182Ir | 8E+3 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
77 | Iridium-195 | D, see 182Ir | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 182Ir | - | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 7E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, see 182Ir | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
78 | Platinum-186 | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
78 | Platinum-188 | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
78 | Platinum-189 | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
78 | Platinum-191 | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
78 | Platinum-193m | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
78 | Platinum-193 | D, all compounds | 4E+4 | 2E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+4) | - | - | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 | |||
78 | Platinum-195m | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
78 | Platinum-197mb/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
78 | Platinum-197 | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
78 | Platinum-199b/ | D, all compounds | 5E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
78 | Platinum-200 | D, all compounds | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
79 | Gold-193 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, halides and nitrates | - | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-194 | D, see 193Au | 3E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
W, see 193Au | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-195 | D, see 193Au | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 193Au | - | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 4E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-198m | D, see 193Au | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 193Au | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-198 | D, see 193Au | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 193Au | - | 2E+3 | 8E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-199 | D, see 193Au | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+3) | - | - | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | |||
W, see 193Au | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-200m | D, see 193Au | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 193Au | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 2E+4 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-200b/ | D, see 193Au | 3E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, see 193Au | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
79 | Gold-201b/ | D, see 193Au | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - |
St wall (9E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
W, see 193Au | - | 2E+5 | 1E-4 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 193Au | - | 2E+5 | 9E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-193m | Vapor | - | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
Organic D | 4E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 6E-5 | 6E-4 | ||
D, sulfates | 3E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | ||
W, oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, and sulfides | - | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-193 | Vapor | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - |
Organic D | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-194 | Vapor | - | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 4E-11 | - | - |
Organic D | 2E+1 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 4E-11 | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 8E+2 | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | 6E-11 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-195m | Vapor | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - |
Organic D | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 8E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-195 | Vapor | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - |
Organic D | 2E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-197m | Vapor | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - |
Organic D | 4E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 3E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-197 | Vapor | - | 8E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
Organic D | 7E+3 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | 2E-8 | 9E-5 | 9E-4 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 6E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-199mb/ | Vapor | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - |
Organic D | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
St wall (1E+5) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
D, see 193mHg | 6E+4 | 1E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
80 | Mercury-203 | Vapor | - | 8E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
Organic D | 5E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 | ||
D, see 193mHg | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | ||
W, see 193mHg | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
81 | Thallium-194mb/ | D, all compounds | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - |
St wall (7E+4) | - | - | - | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
81 | Thallium-194b/ | D, all compounds | 3E+5 | 6E+5 | 2E-4 | 8E-7 | - | - |
St wall (3E+5) | - | - | - | 4E-3 | 4E-2 | |||
81 | Thallium-195b/ | D, all compounds | 6E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
81 | Thallium-197 | D, all compounds | 7E+4 | 1E+5 | 5E-5 | 2E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
81 | Thallium-198mb/ | D, all compounds | 3E+4 | 5E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
81 | Thallium-198 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 5E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
81 | Thallium-199 | D, all compounds | 6E+4 | 8E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
81 | Thallium-200 | D, all compounds | 8E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
81 | Thallium-201 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 2E+4 | 9E-6 | 3E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
81 | Thallium-202 | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 7E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
81 | Thallium-204 | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
82 | Lead-195mb/ | D, all compounds | 6E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 8E-4 | 8E-3 |
82 | Lead-198 | D, all compounds | 3E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
82 | Lead-199b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
82 | Lead-200 | D, all compounds | 3E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
82 | Lead-201 | D, all compounds | 7E+3 | 2E+4 | 8E-6 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
82 | Lead-202m | D, all compounds | 9E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
82 | Lead-202 | D, all compounds | 1E+2 | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 7E-11 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 |
82 | Lead-203 | D, all compounds | 5E+3 | 9E+3 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
82 | Lead-205 | D, all compounds | 4E+3 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
82 | Lead-209 | D, all compounds | 2E+4 | 6E+4 | 2E-5 | 8E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
82 | Lead-210 | D, all compounds | 6E-1 | 2E-1 | 1E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (4E-1) | - | 6E-13 | 1E-8 | 1E-7 | |||
82 | Lead-211b/ | D, all compounds | 1E+4 | 6E+2 | 3E-7 | 9E-10 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
82 | Lead-212 | D, all compounds | 8E+1 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 5E-11 | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+2) | - | - | - | 2E-6 | 2E-5 | |||
82 | Lead-214b/ | D, all compounds | 9E+3 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
83 | Bismuth-200b/ | D, nitrates | 3E+4 | 8E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
W, all other compounds | - | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-201b/ | D, see 200Bi | 1E+4 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-202b/ | D, see 200Bi | 1E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 6E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-203 | D, see 200Bi | 2E+3 | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-205 | D, see 200Bi | 1E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-206 | D, see 200Bi | 6E+2 | 1E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | 9E-6 | 9E-5 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-207 | D, see 200Bi | 1E+3 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 4E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-210m | D, see 200Bi | 4E+1 | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | - | - | - |
Kidneys (6E+1) | Kidneys (6E+0) | - | 9E-12 | 8E-7 | 8E-6 | |||
W, see 200Bi | - | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-210 | D, see 200Bi | 8E+2 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
- - | Kidneys (4E+2) | - | 5E-10 | - | - | |||
W, see 200Bi | - | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | 4E-11 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-212b/ | D, see 200Bi | 5E+3 | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 3E-10 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-213b/ | D, see 200Bi | 7E+3 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 200Bi | - | 4E+2 | 1E-7 | 5E-10 | - | - | ||
83 | Bismuth-214b/ | D, see 200Bi | 2E+4 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
St wall (2E+4) | - | - | - | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
W, see 200Bi | - | 9E-2 | 4E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
84 | Polonium-203b/ | D, all compounds except those given for W | 3E+4 | 6E+4 | 3E-5 | 9E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, oxides, hydroxides, and nitrates | - | 9E+4 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
84 | Polonium-205b/ | D, see 203Po | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
W, see 203Po | - | 7E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | - | - | ||
84 | Polonium-207 | D, see 203Po | 8E+3 | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 3E-8 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
W, see 203Po | - | 3E+4 | 1E-5 | 4E-8 | - | - | ||
84 | Polonium-210 | D, see 203Po | 3E+0 | 6E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | 4E-8 | 4E-7 |
W, see 203Po | - | 6E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - | ||
85 | Astatine-207b/ | D, halides | 6E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 8E-5 | 8E-4 |
W | - | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
85 | Astatine-211 | D, halides | 1E+2 | 8E+1 | 3E-8 | 1E-10 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 |
W | - | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 8E-11 | - | - | ||
86 | Radon-220 | With daughters removed | - | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | 2E-8 | - | - |
With daughters present | - | 2E+1 (or 12 WLM) | 9E-9 (or 1.0 WL) | 3E-11 | - | - | ||
86 | Radon-222 | With daughters removed | - | 1E+4 | 4E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
With daughters present | - | 1E+2 (or 4 WLM) | 3E-8 (or 0.33 WL) | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
87 | Francium-222b/ | D, all compounds | 2E+3 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | 6E-10 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
87 | Francium-223b/ | D, all compounds | 6E+2 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | 8E-6 | 8E-5 |
88 | Radium-223 | W, all compounds | 5E+0 | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - |
Bone surf (9E+0) | - | - | - | 1E-7 | 1E-6 | |||
88 | Radium-224 | W, all compounds | 8E+0 | 2E+0 | 7E-10 | 2E-12 | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | - | - | - | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
88 | Radium-225 | W, all compounds | 8E+0 | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | - | - | - | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
88 | Radium-226 | W, all compounds | 2E+0 | 6E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - |
Bone surf (5E+0) | - | - | - | 6E-8 | 6E-7 | |||
88 | Radium-227b/ | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 1E+4 | 6E-6 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+4) | Bone surf (2E+4) | - | 3E-8 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
88 | Radium-228 | W, all compounds | 2E+0 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | 2E-12 | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+0) | - | - | - | 6E-8 | 6E-7 | |||
89 | Actinium-224 | D, all compounds except those given for W and Y | 2E+3 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | Bone surf (4E+1) | - | 5E-11 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
W, halides and nitrates | - | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 7E-11 | - | - | ||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 5E+1 | 2E-8 | 6E-11 | - | - | ||
89 | Actinium-225 | D, see 224Ac | 5E+1 | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (5E+1) | Bone surf (5E-1) | - | 7E-13 | 7E-7 | 7E-6 | |||
W, see 224Ac | - | 6E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - | ||
Y, see 224Ac | - | 6E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - | ||
89 | Actinium-226 | D, see 224Ac | 1E+2 | 3E+0 | 1E-9 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (1E+2) | Bone surf (4E+0) | - | 5E-12 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 | |||
W, see 224Ac | - | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | 7E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 224Ac | - | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | 6E-12 | - | - | ||
89 | Actinium-227 | D, see 224Ac | 2E-1 | 4E-4 | 2E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E-1) | Bone surf (8E-4) | - | 1E-15 | 5E-9 | 5E-8 | |||
W, see 224Ac | - | 2E-3 Bone surf | 7E-13 | - | - | - | ||
- | (3E-3) | - | 4E-15 | - | - | |||
Y, see 224Ac | - | 4E-3 | 2E-12 | 6E-15 | - | - | ||
89 | Actinium-228 | D, see 224Ac | 2E+3 | 9E+0 | 4E-9 | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+1) | - | 2E-11 | - | - | |||
W, see 224Ac | - | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (6E+1) | - | 8E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 224Ac | - | 4E+1 | 2E-8 | 6E-11 | - | - | ||
90 | Thorium-226b/ | W, all compounds except | ||||||
those given for Y | 5E+3 | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
St wall (5E+3) | - | - | - | 7E-5 | 7E-4 | |||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
90 | Thorium-227 | W, see 226Th | 1E+2 | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | 5E-13 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 |
Y, see 226Th | - | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | 5E-13 | - | - | ||
90 | Thorium-228 | W, see 226Th | 6E+0 | 1E-2 | 4E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+1) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 3E-14 | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
Y, see 226Th | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | 2E-14 | - | - | ||
90 | Thorium-229 | W, see 226Th | 6E-1 | 9E-4 | 4E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (2E-3) | - | 3E-15 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 226Th | - | 2E-3 | 1E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (3E-3) | - | 4E-15 | - | - | |||
90 | Thorium-230 | W, see 226Th | 4E+0 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (9E+0) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 1E-7 | 1E-6 | |||
Y, see 226Th | - | 2E-2 | 6E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 3E-14 | - | - | |||
90 | Thorium-231 | W, see 226Th | 4E+3 | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
Y, see 226Th | - | 6E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
90 | Thorium-232 | W, see 226Th | 7E-1 | 1E-3 | 5E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+0) | Bone surf (3E-3) | - | 4E-15 | 3E-8 | 3E-7 | |||
Y, see 226Th | - | 3E-3 | 1E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone sur (4E-3) | - | 6E-15 | - | - | |||
90 | Thorium-234 | W, see 226Th | 3E+2 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+2) | - | - | - | 5E-6 | 5E-5 | |||
Y, see 226Th | - | 2E+2 | 6E-8 | 2E-10 | - | - | ||
91 | Protactinium-227b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 4E+3 | 1E+2 | 5E-8 | 2E-10 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 1E+2 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | - | - | ||
91 | Protactinium-228 | W, see 227Pa | 1E+3 | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+1) | - | 3E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 227Pa | - | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | 2E-11 | - | - | ||
91 | Protactinium-230 | W, see 227Pa | 6E+2 | 5E+0 | 2E-9 | 7E-12 | - | - |
Bone surf (9E+2) | - | - | - | 1E-5 | 1E-4 | |||
Y, see 227Pa | - | 4E+0 | 1E-9 | 5E-12 | - | - | ||
91 | Protactinium-231 | W, see 227Pa | 2E-1 | 2E-3 | 6E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (5E-1) | Bone surf (4E-3) | - | 6E-15 | 6E-9 | 6E-8 | |||
Y, see 227Pa | - | 4E-3 | 2E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (6E-3) | - | 8E-15 | - | - | |||
91 | Protactinium-232 | W, see 227Pa | 1E+3 | 2E+1 | 9E-9 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (6E+1) | - | 8E-11 | - | - | |||
Y, see 227Pa | - | 6E+1 Bone surf | 2E-8 | - | - | - | ||
- | (7E+1) | - | 1E-10 | - | - | |||
91 | Protactinium-233 | W, see 227Pa | 1E+3 | 7E+2 | 3E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
Y, see 227Pa | - | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
91 | Protactinium-234 | W, see 227Pa | 2E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 227Pa | - | 7E+3 | 3E-6 | 9E-9 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-230 | D, UF6, UO2F2, | ||||||
UO2,(NO3)2 | 4E+0 | 4E-1 | 2E-10 | - | - | - | ||
Bone surf (6E+0) | Bone surf (6E-1) | - | 8E-13 | 8E-8 | 8E-7 | |||
W, UO3, UF4, UCl4 | - | 4E-1 | 1E-10 | 5E-13 | - | - | ||
Y, UO2, U3O8 | - | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | 4E-13 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-231 | D, see 230U | 5E+3 | 8E+3 | 3E-6 | 1E-8 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+3) | - | - | - | 6E-5 | 6E-4 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 6E+3 | 2E-6 | 8E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-232 | D, see 230U | 2E+0 | 2E-1 | 9E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+0) | Bone surf (4E-1) | - | 6E-13 | 6E-8 | 6E-7 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 4E-1 | 2E-10 | 5E-13 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 8E-3 | 3E-12 | 1E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-233 | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | 1E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 5E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-234c/ | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | 1E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 5E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-235c/ | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 6E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | 1E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 6E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-236 | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | 1E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 6E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-237 | D, see 230U | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 3E-5 | 3E-4 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 2E+3 | 6E-7 | 2E-9 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-238c/ | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 6E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | 1E-12 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 6E-14 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-239b/ | D, see 230U | 7E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | 9E-4 | 9E-3 |
W, see 230U | - | 2E+5 | 7E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 2E+5 | 6E-5 | 2E-7 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-240 | D, see 230U | 1E+3 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
W, see 230U | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 2E+3 | 1E-6 | 3E-9 | - | - | ||
92 | Uranium-naturalc/ | D, see 230U | 1E+1 | 1E+0 | 5E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (2E+0) | - | 3E-12 | 3E-7 | 3E-6 | |||
W, see 230U | - | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | 9E-13 | - | - | ||
Y, see 230U | - | 5E-2 | 2E-11 | 9E-14 | - | - | ||
93 | Neptunium-232b/ | W, all compounds | 1E+5 | 2E+3 | 7E-7 | - | 2E-3 | 2E-2 |
- | Bone surf (5E+2) | - | 6E-9 | - | - | |||
93 | Neptunium-233b/ | W, all compounds | 8E+5 | 3E+6 | 1E-3 | 4E-6 | 1E-2 | 1E-1 |
93 | Neptunium-234 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
93 | Neptunium-235 | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 8E+2 | 3E-7 | - | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+4) | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 2E-9 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 | |||
93 | Neptunium-236 (1.15E+5 y) | W, all compounds | 3E+0 Bone surf | 2E-2 Bone surf | 9E-12 | - | - | - |
(6E+0) | (5E-2) | - | 8E-14 | 9E-8 | 9E-7 | |||
93 | Neptunium-236 (22.5 h) | W, all compounds | 3E+3 Bone surf | 3E+1 Bone surf | 1E-8 | - | - | - |
(4E+3) | (7E+1) | - | 1E-10 | 5E-5 | 5E-4 | |||
93 | Neptunium-237 | W, all compounds | 5E-1 Bone surf | 4E-3 Bone surf | 2E-12 | - | - | - |
(1E+0) | (1E-2) | - | 1E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
93 | Neptunium-238 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 6E+1 | 3E-8 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (2E+2) | - | 2E-10 | - | - | |||
93 | Neptunium-239 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 2E+3 | 9E-7 | 3E-9 | - | - |
LLI wall (2E+3) | - | - | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 | |||
93 | Neptunium-240b/ | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 3E-4 | 3E-3 |
94 | Plutonium-234 | W, all compounds except PuO2 | 8E+3 | 2E+2 | 9E-8 | 3E-10 | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
Y, PuO2 | - | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | 3E-10 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-235b/ | W, see 234Pu | 9E+5 | 3E+6 | 1E-3 | 4E-6 | 1E-2 | 1E-1 |
Y, see 234Pu | - | 3E+6 | 1E-3 | 3E-6 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-236 | W, see 234Pu | 2E+0 | 2E-2 | 8E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+0) | Bone surf (4E-2) | - | 5E-14 | 6E-8 | 6E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 4E-2 | 2E-11 | 6E-14 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-237 | W, see 234Pu | 1E+4 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 5E-9 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 234Pu | - | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-238 | W, see 234Pu | 9E-1 | 7E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 2E-2 | 8E-12 | 2E-14 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-239 | W, see 234Pu | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
94 | Plutonium-240 | W, see 234Pu | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
94 | Plutonium-241 | W, see 234Pu | 4E+1 | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (7E+1) | Bone surf (6E-1) | - | 8E-13 | 1E-6 | 1E-5 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 8E-1 | 3E-10 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (1E+0) | - | 1E-12 | - | - | |||
94 | Plutonium-242 | W, see 234Pu | 8E-1 | 7E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
94 | Plutonium-243 | W, see 234Pu | 2E+4 | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
Y, see 234Pu | - | 4E+4 | 2E-5 | 5E-8 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-244 | W, see 234Pu | 8E-1 | 7E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
94 | Plutonium-245 | W, see 234Pu | 2E+3 | 5E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
Y, see 234Pu | - | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | 6E-9 | - | - | ||
94 | Plutonium-246 | W, see 234Pu | 4E+2 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - |
LLI wall (4E+2) | - | - | - | 6E-6 | 6E-5 | |||
Y, see 234Pu | - | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | 4E-10 | - | - | ||
95 | Americium-237b/ | W, all compounds | 8E+4 | 3E+5 | 1E-4 | 4E-7 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 |
95 | Americium-238b/ | W, all compounds | 4E+4 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | - | 5E-4 | 5E-3 |
- | Bone surf (6E+3) | - | 9E-9 | - | - | |||
95 | Americium-239 | W, all compounds | 5E+3 | 1E+4 | 5E-6 | 2E-8 | 7E-5 | 7E-4 |
95 | Americium-240 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
95 | Americium-241 | W, all compounds | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
95 | Americium-242m | W, all compounds | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
95 | Americium-242 | W, all compounds | 4E+3 | 8E+1 | 4E-8 | - | 5E-5 | 5E-4 |
- | Bone surf (9E+1) | - | 1E-10 | - | - | |||
95 | Americium-243 | W, all compounds | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
95 | Americium-244mb | / W, all compounds | 6E+4 | 4E+3 | 2E-6 | - | - | - |
St wall (8E+4) | Bone surf (7E+3) | - | 1E-8 | 1E-3 | 1E-2 | |||
95 | Americium-244 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 2E+2 | 8E-8 | - | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
- | Bone surf (3E+2) | - | 4E-10 | - | - | |||
95 | Americium-245 | W, all compounds | 3E+4 | 8E+4 | 3E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
95 | Americium-246mb/ W, all compounds | 5E+4 | 2E+5 | 8E-5 | 3E-7 | - | - | |
St wall (6E+4) | - | - | - | 8E-4 | 8E-3 | |||
95 | Americium-246b/ | W, all compounds | 3E+4 | 1E+5 | 4E-5 | 1E-7 | 4E-4 | 4E-3 |
96 | Curium-238 | W, all compounds | 2E+4 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 2E-4 | 2E-3 |
96 | Curium-240 | W, all compounds | 6E+1 | 6E-1 | 2E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (8E+1) | Bone surf (6E-1) | - | 9E-13 | 1E-6 | 1E-5 | |||
96 | Curium-241 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 3E+1 | 1E-8 | - | 2E-5 | 2E-4 |
- | Bone surf (4E+1) | - | 5E-11 | - | - | |||
96 | Curium-242 | W, all compounds | 3E+1 | 3E-1 | 1E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (5E+1) | Bone surf (3E-1) | - | 4E-13 | 7E-7 | 7E-6 | |||
96 | Curium-243 | W, all compounds | 1E+0 | 9E-3 | 4E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+0) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 3E-8 | 3E-7 | |||
96 | Curium-244 | W, all compounds | 1E+0 | 1E-2 | 5E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (3E+0) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 3E-14 | 3E-8 | 3E-7 | |||
96 | Curium-245 | W, all compounds | 7E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
96 | Curium-246 | W, all compounds | 7E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
96 | Curium-247 | W, all compounds | 8E-1 | 6E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
96 | Curium-248 | W, all compounds | 2E-1 | 2E-3 | 7E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E-1) | Bone surf (3E-3) | - | 4E-15 | 5E-9 | 5E-8 | |||
96 | Curium-249b/ | W, all compounds | 5E+4 | 2E+4 | 7E-6 | - | 7E-4 | 7E-3 |
- | Bone surf (3E+4) | - | 4E-8 | - | - | |||
96 | Curium-250 | W, all compounds | 4E-2 | 3E-4 | 1E-13 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (6E-2) | Bone surf (5E-4) | - | 8E-16 | 9E-10 | 9E-9 | |||
97 | Berkelium-245 | W, all compounds | 2E+3 | 1E+3 | 5E-7 | 2E-9 | 3E-5 | 3E-4 |
97 | Berkelium-246 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 3E+3 | 1E-6 | 4E-9 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
97 | Berkelium-247 | W, all compounds | 5E-1 | 4E-3 | 2E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (9E-3) | - | 1E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
97 | Berkelium-249 | W, all compounds | 2E+2 | 2E+0 | 7E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (5E+2) | Bone surf (4E+0) | - | 5E-12 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 | |||
97 | Berkelium-250 | W, all compounds | 9E+3 | 3E+2 | 1E-7 | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
- | Bone surf (7E+2) | - | 1E-9 | - | - | |||
98 | Californium-244b/ | W, all compounds except those given for Y | 3E+4 | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - |
St wall (3E+4) | - | - | - | 4E-4 | 4E-3 | |||
Y, oxides and hydroxides | - | 6E+2 | 2E-7 | 8E-10 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-246 | W, see 244Cf | 4E+2 | 9E+0 | 4E-9 | 1E-11 | 5E-6 | 5E-5 |
Y, see 244Cf | - | 9E+0 | 4E-9 | 1E-11 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-248 | W, see 244Cf | 8E+0 | 6E-2 | 3E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (1E-1) | - | 2E-13 | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 1E-1 | 4E-11 | 1E-13 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-249 | W, see 244Cf | 5E-1 | 4E-3 | 2E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (9E-3) | - | 1E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 1E-2 | 4E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
98 | Californium-250 | W, see 244Cf | 1E+0 | 9E-3 | 4E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+0) | Bone surf (2E-2) | - | 3E-14 | 3E-8 | 3E-7 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 3E-2 | 1E-11 | 4E-14 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-251 | W, see 244Cf | 5E-1 | 4E-3 | 2E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (1E+0) | Bone surf (9E-3) | - | 1E-14 | 2E-8 | 2E-7 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 1E-2 | 4E-12 | - | - | - | ||
- | Bone surf (1E-2) | - | 2E-14 | - | - | |||
98 | Californium-252 | W, see 244Cf | 2E+0 | 2E-2 | 8E-12 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (5E+0) | Bone surf (4E-2) | - | 5E-14 | 7E-8 | 7E-7 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 3E-2 | 1E-11 | 5E-14 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-253 | W, see 244Cf | 2E+2 | 2E+0 | 8E-10 | 3E-12 | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+2) | - | - | - | 5E-6 | 5E-5 | |||
Y, see 244Cf | - | 2E+0 | 7E-10 | 2E-12 | - | - | ||
98 | Californium-254 | W, see 244Cf | 2E+0 | 2E-2 | 9E-12 | 3E-14 | 3E-8 | 3E-7 |
Y, see 244Cf | - | 2E-2 | 7E-12 | 2E-14 | - | - | ||
99 | Einsteinium-250 | W, all compounds | 4E+4 | 5E+2 | 2E-7 | - | 6E-4 | 6E-3 |
- | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 2E-9 | - | - | |||
99 | Einsteinium-251 | W, all compounds | 7E+3 | 9E+2 | 4E-7 | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
- | Bone surf (1E+3) | - | 2E-9 | - | - | |||
99 | Einsteinium-253 | W, all compounds | 2E+2 | 1E+0 | 6E-10 | 2E-12 | 2E-6 | 2E-5 |
99 | Einsteinium-254m | W, all compounds | 3E+2 | 1E+1 | 4E-9 | 1E-11 | - | - |
LLI wall (3E+2) | - | - | - | 4E-6 | 4E-5 | |||
99 | Einsteinium-254 | W, all compounds | 8E+0 | 7E-2 | 3E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (2E+1) | Bone surf (1E-1) | - | 2E-13 | 2E-7 | 2E-6 | |||
100 | Fermium-252 | W, all compounds | 5E+2 | 1E+1 | 5E-9 | 2E-11 | 6E-6 | 6E-5 |
100 | Fermium-253 | W, all compounds | 1E+3 | 1E+1 | 4E-9 | 1E-11 | 1E-5 | 1E-4 |
100 | Fermium-254 | W, all compounds | 3E+3 | 9E+1 | 4E-8 | 1E-10 | 4E-5 | 4E-4 |
100 | Fermium-255 | W, all compounds | 5E+2 | 2E+1 | 9E-9 | 3E-11 | 7E-6 | 7E-5 |
100 | Fermium-257 | W, all compounds | 2E+1 | 2E-1 | 7E-11 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (4E+1) | Bone surf (2E-1) | - | 3E-13 | 5E-7 | 5E-6 | |||
101 | Mendelevium-257 | W, all compounds | 7E+3 | 8E+1 | 4E-8 | - | 1E-4 | 1E-3 |
- | Bone surf (9E+1) | - | 1E-10 | - | - | |||
101 | Mendelevium-258 | W, all compounds | 3E+1 | 2E-1 | 1E-10 | - | - | - |
Bone surf (5E+1) | Bone surf (3E-1) | - | 5E-13 | 6E-7 | 6E-6 | |||
- Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life less than 2 hours Submersiona/ | - | 2E+2 | 1E-7 | 1E-9 | - | - | ||
- Any single radionuclide not listed above with decay mode other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission and with radioactive half-life greater than 2 hours . . .. | - | 2E-1 | 1E-10 | 1E-12 | 1E-8 | 1E-7 | ||
- Any single radionuclide not listed above that decays by alpha emission or spontaneous fission, or any mixture for which either the identity or the concentration of any radio-nuclide in the mixture is not known . . .. | - | 4E-4 | 2E-13 | 1E-15 | 2E-9 | 2E-8 | ||
Footnotes for Appendix G to Section 3:
a/"Submersion" means that values given are for submersion in a hemispherical semi-infinite cloud of airborne material.
b/ These radionuclides have radiological half-lives of less than 2 hours. The total effective dose equivalent received during operations with these radionuclides might include a significant contribution from external exposure. The DAC values for all radionuclides, other than those designated Class "Submersion," are based upon the committed effective dose equivalent due to the intake of the radionuclide into the body and do NOT include potentially significant contributions to dose equivalent from external exposures. The licensee may substitute 1E-7 μCi/ml for the listed DAC to account for the submersion dose prospectively, but should use individual monitoring devices or other radiation measuring instruments that measure external exposure to demonstrate compliance with the limits. (See RH-1202.)
c/ For soluble mixtures of U-238, U-234, and U-235 in air, chemical toxicity may be the limiting factor. (See RH-1200.e.) If the percent by weight (enrichment) of U-235 is not greater than 5, the concentration value for a 40-hour workweek is 0.2 milligrams uranium per cubic meter of air average. For any enrichment, the product of the average concentration and time of exposure during a 40-hour workweek shall not exceed 8E-3 (SA) μCi-hr/ml, where SA is the specific activity of the uranium inhaled. The specific activity for natural uranium is 6.77E-7 curies per gram U. The specific activity for other mixtures of U-238, U-235, and U-234, if not known, shall be:
SA = 3.6E-7 curies/gram U U-depleted
SA = [0.4 + 0.38 (enrichment) + 0.0034 (enrichment)2] E-6, enrichment > 0.72
where enrichment is the percentage by weight of U-235, expressed as percent.
Note:
Annual Limits on Intake (ALIs) and Derived Air Concentrations (DACs) of Radionuclides for Occupational Exposure; Effluent Concentrations; Concentrations for Release to Sewerage
Radionuclide | Table I Occupational Values | Table II Effluent Concentrations | Table III Releases to Sewers | |||
Col. 1 Oral | Col. 2 | Col. 3 | Col. 1 | Col. 2 | Monthly Average Concentration (μCi/ml) | |
Ingestion ALI (μCi) | Inh ALI (μCi) | alation DAC (μCi/ml) | Air (μCi/ml) | Water (μCi/ml) | ||
If it is known that Ac-227-D and Cm-250-W are not present | - | 7E-4 | 3E-13 | - | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Ac-227-W,Y, Th-229-W,Y, Th-230-W, Th-232-W,Y, Pa-231-W,Y, Np-237-W, Pu-239-W, Pu-240-W, Pu-242-W, Am-241-W, Am-242m-W, Am-243-W, Cm-245-W, Cm-246-W, Cm-247-W Cm-248-W, Bk-247-W, Cf-249-W, and Cf-251-W are not present | , - | 7E-3 | 3E-12 | - | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-146-W, Sm-147-W, Gd-148-D,W, Gd-152-D,W, Th-228-W,Y, Th-230-Y, U-232-Y, U-233-Y, U-234-Y, U-235-Y, U-236-Y, U-238-Y, Np-236-W, Pu-236-W,Y, Pu-238-W,Y, Pu-239-Y, Pu-240-Y, Pu-242-Y, Pu-244-W,Y, Cm-243-W, Cm-244-W, Cf-248-W, Cf-249-Y, Cf-250-W,Y, Cf-251-Y, Cf-252-W,Y, and Cf-254-W,Y are not presen | - | 7E-2 | 3E-11 | - | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Pb-210-D, Bi-210m-W, Po-210-D,W, Ra-223-W, Ra-225-W, Ra-226-W, Ac-225-D,W,Y, Th-227-W,Y, U-230-D,W,Y, U-232-D,W, Pu-241-W, Cm-240-W, Cm-242-W, Cf-248-Y, Es-254-W, Fm-257-W, and Md-258-W are not present | - | 7E-1 | 3E-10 | - | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Si-32-Y, Ti-44-Y, Fe-60-D, Sr-90-Y, Zr-93-D, Cd-113m-D, Cd-113-D, In-115-D,W, La-138-D, Lu-176-W, Hf-178m-D,W, Hf-182-D,W, Bi-210m-D, Ra-224-W, Ra-228-W, Ac-226-D,W,Y, Pa-230-W,Y, U-233-D,W, U-234-D,W, U-235-D,W, U-236-D,W, U-238-D,W, Pu-241-Y, Bk-249-W, Cf-253-W,Y, and Es-253-W are not present | - | 7E+0 | 3E-9 | - | - | - |
If it is known that Ac-227-D,W,Y, Th-229-W,Y, Th-232-W,Y, Pa-231-W,Y, Cm-248-W, and Cm-250-W are not present | - | - | - | 1E-14 | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-146-W, Gd-148-D,W, Gd-152-D, Th-228-W,Y, Th-230-W,Y, U-232-Y, U-233-Y, U-234-Y, U-235-Y, U-236-Y, U-238-Y, U-Nat-Y, Np-236-W, Np-237-W, Pu-236-W,Y, Pu-238-W,Y, Pu-239-W,Y, Pu-240-W,Y, Pu-242-W,Y, Pu-244-W,Y, Am-241-W, Am-242m-W, Am-243-W, Cm-243-W, Cm-244-W, Cm-245-W, Cm-246-W, Cm-247-W, Bk-247-W, Cf-249-W,Y, Cf-250-W,Y, Cf-251-W,Y, Cf-252-W,Y, and Cf-254-W,Y are not present | - | - | - | 1E-13 | - | - |
If, in addition, it is known that Sm-147-W, Gd-152-W, Pb-210-D, Bi-210m-W, Po-210-D,W, Ra-223-W, Ra-225-W, Ra-226-W, Ac-225-D,W,Y, Th-227-W,Y, U-230-D,W,Y, U-232-D,W, U-Nat-W, Pu-241-W, Cm-240-W, Cm-242-W, Cf-248-W,Y, Es-254-W, Fm-257-W, and Md-258-W are not present | - | - | - | 1E-12 | - | - |
If, in addition it is known that Fe-60, Sr-90, Cd-113m, Cd-113, In-115, I-129, Cs-134, Sm-145, Sm-147, Gd-148, Gd-152, Hg-194 (organic), Bi-210m, Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-225, Ac-225, Th-228, Th-230, U-233, U-234, U-235, U-236, U-238, U-Nat, Cm-242, Cf-248, Es-254, Fm-257, and Md-258 are not present | - | - | - | - | 1E-6 | 1E-5 |
Example: If radionuclides "A," "B," and "C" are present in concentrations CA, CB, and CC, and if the applicable DACs are DACA, DACB, and DACC, respectively, then the concentrations shall be limited so that the following relationship exists:
APPENDIX H TO SECTION 3 QUANTITIESa/OF LICENSED OR REGISTERED MATERIAL REQUIRING LABELING
(In order of atomic number)
Radionuclide | Quantity (nCif | Radionuclide | Quantity (nCif |
Hydrogen-3 | 1,000 | Vanadium-47 | 1,000 |
Beryllium-7 | 1,000 | Vanadium-48 | 100 |
Beryllium-10 | 1 | Vanadium-49 | 1,000 |
Carbon-11 | 1,000 | Chromium-48 | 1,000 |
Carbon-14 | 100 | Chromium-49 | 1,000 |
Fluorine-18 | 1,000 | Chromium-51 | 1,000 |
Sodium-22 | 10 | Manganese-51 | 1,000 |
Sodium-24 | 100 | Manganese-52m | 1,000 |
Magnesium-28 | 100 | Manganese-52 | 100 |
Aluminum-26 | 10 | Manganese-53 | 1,000 |
Silicon-31 | 1,000 | Manganese-54 | 100 |
Silicon-32 | 1 | Manganese-56 | 1,000 |
Phosphorus-32 | 10 | Iron-52 | 100 |
Phosphorus-33 | 100 | Iron-55 | 100 |
Sulfur-35 | 100 | Iron-59 | 10 |
Chlorine-36 | 10 | Iron-60 | 1 |
Chlorine-38 | 1,000 | Cobalt-55 | 100 |
Chlorine-39 | 1,000 | Cobalt-56 | 10 |
Argon-39 | 1,000 | Cobalt-57 | 100 |
Argon-41 | 1,000 | Cobalt-58m | 1,000 |
Potassium-40 | 100 | Cobalt-58 | 100 |
Potassium-42 | 1,000 | Cobalt-60m | 1,000 |
Potassium-43 | 1,000 | Cobalt-60 | 1 |
Potassium-44 | 1,000 | Cobalt-61 | 1,000 |
Potassium-45 | 1,000 | Cobalt-62m | 1,000 |
Calcium-41 | 100 | Nickel-56 | 100 |
Calcium-45 | 100 | Nickel-57 | 100 |
Calcium-47 | 100 | Nickel-59 | 100 |
Scandium-43 | 1,000 | Nickel-63 | 100 |
Scandium-44m | 100 | Nickel-65 | 1,000 |
Scandium-44 | 100 | Nickel-66 | 10 |
Scandium-46 | 10 | Copper-60 | 1,000 |
Scandium-47 | 100 | Copper-61 | 1,000 |
Scandium-48 | 100 | Copper-64 | 1,000 |
Scandium-49 | 1,000 | Copper-67 | 1,000 |
Titanium-44 | 1 | Zinc-62 | 100 |
Titanium-45 | 1,000 | Zinc-63 | 1,000 |
Zinc-65 | 10 | Bromine-74 | 1,000 |
Zinc-69m | 100 | Bromine-75 | 1,000 |
Zinc-69 | 1,000 | Bromine-76 | 100 |
Zinc-71m | 1,000 | Bromine-77 | 1,000 |
Zinc-72 | 100 | Bromine-80m | 1,000 |
Gallium-65 | 1,000 | Bromine-80 | 1,000 |
Gallium-66 | 100 | Bromine-82 | 100 |
Gallium-67 | 1,000 | Bromine-83 | 1,000 |
Gallium-68 | 1,000 | Bromine-84 | 1,000 |
Gallium-70 | 1,000 | Krypton-74 | 1,000 |
Gallium-72 | 100 | Krypton-76 | 1,000 |
Gallium-73 | 1,000 | Krypton-77 | 1,000 |
Germanium-66 | 1,000 | Krypton-79 | 1,000 |
Germanium-67 | 1,000 | Krypton-81 | 1,000 |
Germanium-68 | 10 | Krypton-83m | 1,000 |
Germanium-69 | 1,000 | Krypton-85m | 1,000 |
Germanium-71 | 1,000 | Krypton-85 | 1,000 |
Germanium-75 | 1,000 | Krypton-87 | 1,000 |
Germanium-77 | 1,000 | Krypton-88 | 1,000 |
Germanium-78 | 1,000 | Rubidium-79 | 1,000 |
Arsenic-69 | 1,000 | Rubidium-81m | 1,000 |
Arsenic-70 | 1,000 | Rubidium-81 | 1,000 |
Arsenic-71 | 100 | Rubidium-82m | 1,000 |
Arsenic-72 | 100 | Rubidium-83 | 100 |
Arsenic-73 | 100 | Rubidium-84 | 100 |
Arsenic-74 | 100 | Rubidium-86 | 100 |
Arsenic-76 | 100 | Rubidium-87 | 100 |
Arsenic-77 | 100 | Rubidium-88 | 1,000 |
Arsenic-78 | 1,000 | Rubidium-89 | 1,000 |
Selenium-70 | 1,000 | Strontium-80 | 100 |
Selenium-73m | 1,000 | Strontium-81 | 1,000 |
Selenium-73 | 100 | Strontium-83 | 100 |
Selenium-75 | 100 | Strontium-85m | 1,000 |
Selenium-79 | 100 | Strontium-85 | 100 |
Selenium-81m | 1,000 | Strontium-87m | 1,000 |
Selenium-81 | 1,000 | Strontium-89 | 10 |
Selenium-83 | 1,000 | Strontium-90 | 0.1 |
Bromine-74m | 1,000 | Strontium-91 | 100 |
Strontium-92 | 100 | Technetium-94 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-86m | 1,000 | Technetium-96m | 1,000 |
Yttrium-86 | 100 | Technetium-96 | 100 |
Yttrium-87 | 100 | Technetium-97m | 100 |
Yttrium-88 | 10 | Technetium-97 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-90m | 1,000 | Technetium-98 | 10 |
Yttrium-90 | 10 | Technetium-99m | 1,000 |
Yttrium-91m | 1,000 | Technetium-99 | 100 |
Yttrium-91 | 10 | Technetium-101 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-92 | 100 | Technetium-104 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-93 | 100 | Ruthenium-94 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-94 | 1,000 | Ruthenium-97 | 1,000 |
Yttrium-95 | 1,000 | Ruthenium-103 | 100 |
Zirconium-86 | 100 | Ruthenium-105 | 1,000 |
Zirconium-88 | 10 | Ruthenium-106 | 1 |
Zirconium-89 | 100 | Rhodium-99m | 1,000 |
Zirconium-93 | 1 | Rhodium-99 | 100 |
Zirconium-95 | 10 | Rhodium-100 | 100 |
Zirconium-97 | 100 | Rhodium-101m | 1,000 |
Niobium-88 | 1,000 | Rhodium-101 | 10 |
Niobium-89m (66 min) | 1,000 | Rhodium-102m | 10 |
Niobium-89 (122 min) | 1,000 | Rhodium-102 | 10 |
Niobium-90 | 100 | Rhodium-103m | 1,000 |
Niobium-93m | 10 | Rhodium-105 | 100 |
Niobium-94 | 1 | Rhodium-106m | 1,000 |
Niobium-95m | 100 | Rhodium-107 | 1,000 |
Niobium-95 | 100 | Palladium-100 | 100 |
Niobium-96 | 100 | Palladium-101 | 1,000 |
Niobium-97 | 1,000 | Palladium-103 | 100 |
Niobium-98 | 1,000 | Palladium-107 | 10 |
Molybdenum-90 | 100 | Palladium-109 | 100 |
Molybdenum-93m | 100 | Silver-102 | 1,000 |
Molybdenum-93 | 10 | Silver-103 | 1,000 |
Molybdenum-99 | 100 | Silver-104m | 1,000 |
Molybdenum-101 | 1,000 | Silver-104 | 1,000 |
Technetium-93m | 1,000 | Silver-105 | 100 |
Technetium-93 | 1,000 | Silver-106m | 100 |
Technetium-94m | 1,000 | Silver-106 | 1,000 |
Silver-108m | 1 | Tin-127 | 1,000 |
Silver-110m | 10 | Tin-128 | 1,000 |
Silver-111 | 100 | Antimony-115 | 1,000 |
Silver-112 | 100 | Antimony-116m | 1,000 |
Silver-115 | 1,000 | Antimony-116 | 1,000 |
Cadmium-104 | 1,000 | Antimony-117 | 1,000 |
Cadmium-107 | 1,000 | Antimony-118m | 1,000 |
Cadmium-109 | 1 | Antimony-119 | 1,000 |
Cadmium-113m | 0.1 | Antimony-120 (16 min) | 1,000 |
Cadmium-113 | 100 | Antimony-120 (5.76 d) | 100 |
Cadmium-115m | 10 | Antimony-122 | 100 |
Cadmium-115 | 100 | Antimony-124m | 1,000 |
Cadmium-117m | 1,000 | Antimony-124 | 10 |
Cadmium-117 | 1,000 | Antimony-125 | 100 |
Indium-109 | 1,000 | Antimony-126m | 1,000 |
Indium-110 (69.1 min) | 1,000 | Antimony-126 | 100 |
Indium-110 (4.9 h) | 1,000 | Antimony-127 | 100 |
Indium-111 | 100 | Antimony-128 (10.4 min) | 1,000 |
Indium-112 | 1,000 | Antimony-128 (9.01 h) | 100 |
Indium-113m | 1,000 | Antimony-129 | 100 |
Indium-114m | 10 | Antimony-130 | 1,000 |
Indium-115m | 1,000 | Antimony-131 | 1,000 |
Indium-115 | 100 | Tellurium-116 | 1,000 |
Indium-116m | 1,000 | Tellurium-121m | 10 |
Indium-117m | 1,000 | Tellurium-121 | 100 |
Indium-117 | 1,000 | Tellurium-123m | 10 |
Indium-119m | 1,000 | Tellurium-123 | 100 |
Tin-110 | 100 | Tellurium-125m | 10 |
Tin-111 | 1,000 | Tellurium-127m | 10 |
Tin-113 | 100 | Tellurium-127 | 1,000 |
Tin-117m | 100 | Tellurium-129m | 10 |
Tin-119m | 100 | Tellurium-129 | 1,000 |
Tin-121m | 100 | Tellurium-131m | 10 |
Tin-121 | 1,000 | Tellurium-131 | 100 |
Tin-123m | 1,000 | Tellurium-132 | 10 |
Tin-123 | 10 | Tellurium-133m | 100 |
Tin-125 | 10 | Tellurium-133 | 1,000 |
Tin-126 | 10 | Tellurium-134 | 1,000 |
Iodine-120m | 1,000 | Cesium-135 | 100 |
Iodine-120 | 100 | Cesium-136 | 10 |
Iodine-121 | 1,000 | Cesium-137 | 10 |
Iodine-123 | 100 | Cesium-138 | 1,000 |
Iodine-124 | 10 | Barium-126 | 1,000 |
Iodine-125 | 1 | Barium-128 | 100 |
Iodine-126 | 1 | Barium-131m | 1,000 |
Iodine-128 | 1,000 | Barium-131 | 100 |
Iodine-129 | 1 | Barium-133m | 100 |
Iodine-130 | 10 | Barium-133 | 100 |
Iodine-131 | 1 | Barium-135m | 100 |
Iodine-132m | 100 | Barium-139 | 1,000 |
Iodine-132 | 100 | Barium-140 | 100 |
Iodine-133 | 10 | Barium-141 | 1,000 |
Iodine-134 | 1,000 | Barium-142 | 1,000 |
Iodine-135 | 100 | Lanthanum-131 | 1,000 |
Xenon-120 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-132 | 100 |
Xenon-121 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-135 | 1,000 |
Xenon-122 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-137 | 10 |
Xenon-123 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-138 | 100 |
Xenon-125 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-140 | 100 |
Xenon-127 | 1,000 | Lanthanum-141 | 100 |
Xenon-129m | 1,000 | Lanthanum-142 | 1,000 |
Xenon-131m | 1,000 | Lanthanum-143 | 1,000 |
Xenon-133m | 1,000 | Cerium-134 | 100 |
Xenon-133 | 1,000 | Cerium-135 | 100 |
Xenon-135m | 1,000 | Cerium-137m | 100 |
Xenon-135 | 1,000 | Cerium-137 | 1,000 |
Xenon-138 | 1,000 | Cerium-139 | 100 |
Cesium-125 | 1,000 | Cerium-141 | 100 |
Cesium-127 | 1,000 | Cerium-143 | 100 |
Cesium-129 | 1,000 | Cerium-144 | 1 |
Cesium-130 | 1,000 | Praseodymium-136 | 1,000 |
Cesium-131 | 1,000 | Praseodymium-137 | 1,000 |
Cesium-132 | 100 | Praseodymium-138m | 1,000 |
Cesium-134m | 1,000 | Praseodymium-139 | 1,000 |
Cesium-134 | 10 | Praseodymium-142m | 1,000 |
Cesium-135m | 1,000 | Praseodymium-142 | 100 |
Praseodymium-143 | 100 | Europium-150 (12.62 h) | 100 |
Praseodymium-144 | 1,000 | Europium-150 (34.2 y) | 1 |
Praseodymium-145 | 100 | Europium-152m | 100 |
Praseodymium-147 | 1,000 | Europium-152 | 1 |
Neodymium-136 | 1,000 | Europium-154 | 1 |
Neodymium-138 | 100 | Europium-155 | 10 |
Neodymium-139m | 1,000 | Europium-156 | 100 |
Neodymium-139 | 1,000 | Europium-157 | 100 |
Neodymium-141 | 1,000 | Europium-158 | 1,000 |
Neodymium-147 | 100 | Gadolinium-145 | 1,000 |
Neodymium-149 | 1,000 | Gadolinium-146 | 10 |
Neodymium-151 | 1,000 | Gadolinium-147 | 100 |
Promethium-141 | 1,000 | Gadolinium-148 | 0.001 |
Promethium-143 | 100 | Gadolinium-149 | 100 |
Promethium-144 | 10 | Gadolinium-151 | 10 |
Promethium-145 | 10 | Gadolinium-152 | 100 |
Promethium-146 | 1 | Gadolinium-153 | 10 |
Promethium-147 | 10 | Gadolinium-159 | 100 |
Promethium-148m | 10 | Terbium-147 | 1,000 |
Promethium-148 | 10 | Terbium-149 | 100 |
Promethium-149 | 100 | Terbium-150 | 1,000 |
Promethium-150 | 1,000 | Terbium-151 | 100 |
Promethium-151 | 100 | Terbium-153 | 1,000 |
Samarium-141m | 1,000 | Terbium-154 | 100 |
Samarium-141 | 1,000 | Terbium-155 | 1,000 |
Samarium-142 | 1,000 | Terbium-156m (5.0 h) | 1,000 |
Samarium-145 | 100 | Terbium-156m (24.4 h) | 1,000 |
Samarium-146 | 1 | Terbium-156 | 100 |
Samarium-147 | 100 | Terbium-157 | 10 |
Samarium-151 | 10 | Terbium-158 | 1 |
Samarium-153 | 100 | Terbium-160 | 10 |
Samarium-155 | 1,000 | Terbium-161 | 100 |
Samarium-156 | 1,000 | Dysprosium-155 | 1,000 |
Europium-145 | 100 | Dysprosium-157 | 1,000 |
Europium-146 | 100 | Dysprosium-159 | 100 |
Europium-147 | 100 | Dysprosium-165 | 1,000 |
Europium-148 | 10 | Dysprosium-166 | 100 |
Europium-149 | 100 | Holmium-155 | 1,000 |
Holmium-157 | 1,000 | Lutetium-176 | 100 |
Holmium-159 | 1,000 | Lutetium-177m | 10 |
Holmium-161 | 1,000 | Lutetium-177 | 100 |
Holmium-162m | 1,000 | Lutetium-178m | 1,000 |
Holmium-162 | 1,000 | Lutetium-178 | 1,000 |
Holmium-164m | 1,000 | Lutetium-179 | 1,000 |
Holmium-164 | 1,000 | Hafnium-170 | 100 |
Holmium-166m | 1 | Hafnium-172 | 1 |
Holmium-166 | 100 | Hafnium-173 | 1,000 |
Holmium-167 | 1,000 | Hafnium-175 | 100 |
Erbium-161 | 1,000 | Hafnium-177m | 1,000 |
Erbium-165 | 1,000 | Hafnium-178m | 0.1 |
Erbium-169 | 100 | Hafnium-179m | 10 |
Erbium-171 | 100 | Hafnium-180m | 1,000 |
Erbium-172 | 100 | Hafnium-181 | 10 |
Thulium-162 | 1,000 | Hafnium-182m | 1,000 |
Thulium-166 | 100 | Hafnium-182 | 0.1 |
Thulium-167 | 100 | Hafnium-183 | 1,000 |
Thulium-170 | 10 | Hafnium-184 | 100 |
Thulium-171 | 10 | Tantalum-172 | 1,000 |
Thulium-172 | 100 | Tantalum-173 | 1,000 |
Thulium-173 | 100 | Tantalum-174 | 1,000 |
Thulium-175 | 1,000 | Tantalum-175 | 1,000 |
Ytterbium-162 | 1,000 | Tantalum-176 | 100 |
Ytterbium-166 | 100 | Tantalum-177 | 1,000 |
Ytterbium-167 | 1,000 | Tantalum-178 | 1,000 |
Ytterbium-169 | 100 | Tantalum-179 | 100 |
Ytterbium-175 | 100 | Tantalum-180m | 1,000 |
Ytterbium-177 | 1,000 | Tantalum-180 | 100 |
Ytterbium-178 | 1,000 | Tantalum-182m | 1,000 |
Lutetium-169 | 100 | Tantalum-182 | 10 |
Lutetium-170 | 100 | Tantalum-183 | 100 |
Lutetium-171 | 100 | Tantalum-184 | 100 |
Lutetium-172 | 100 | Tantalum-185 | 1,000 |
Lutetium-173 | 10 | Tantalum-186 | 1,000 |
Lutetium-174m | 10 | Tungsten-176 | 1,000 |
Lutetium-174 | 10 | Tungsten-177 | 1,000 |
Lutetium-176m | 1,000 | Tungsten-178 | 1,000 |
Tungsten-179 | 1,000 | Iridium-194m | 10 |
Tungsten-181 | 1,000 | Iridium-194 | 100 |
Tungsten-185 | 100 | Iridium-195m | 1,000 |
Tungsten-187 | 100 | Iridium-195 | 1,000 |
Tungsten-188 | 10 | Platinum-186 | 1,000 |
Rhenium-177 | 1,000 | Platinum-188 | 100 |
Rhenium-178 | 1,000 | Platinum-189 | 1,000 |
Rhenium-181 | 1,000 | Platinum-191 | 100 |
Rhenium-182 (12.7 h) | 1,000 | Platinum-193m | 100 |
Rhenium-182 (64.0 h) | 100 | Platinum-193 | 1,000 |
Rhenium-184m | 10 | Platinum-195m | 100 |
Rhenium-184 | 100 | Platinum-197m | 1,000 |
Rhenium-186m | 10 | Platinum-197 | 100 |
Rhenium-186 | 100 | Platinum-199 | 1,000 |
Rhenium-187 | 1,000 | Platinum-200 | 100 |
Rhenium-188m | 1,000 | Gold-193 | 1,000 |
Rhenium-188 | 100 | Gold-194 | 100 |
Rhenium-189 | 100 | Gold-195 | 10 |
Osmium-180 | 1,000 | Gold-198m | 100 |
Osmium-181 | 1,000 | Gold-198 | 100 |
Osmium-182 | 100 | Gold-199 | 100 |
Osmium-185 | 100 | Gold-200m | 100 |
Osmium-189m | 1,000 | Gold-200 | 1,000 |
Osmium-191m | 1,000 | Gold-201 | 1,000 |
Osmium-191 | 100 | Mercury-193m | 100 |
Osmium-193 | 100 | Mercury-193 | 1,000 |
Osmium-194 | 1 | Mercury-194 | 1 |
Iridium-182 | 1,000 | Mercury-195m | 100 |
Iridium-184 | 1,000 | Mercury-195 | 1,000 |
Iridium-185 | 1,000 | Mercury-197m | 100 |
Iridium-186 | 100 | Mercury-197 | 1,000 |
Iridium-187 | 1,000 | Mercury-199m | 1,000 |
Iridium-188 | 100 | Mercury-203 | 100 |
Iridium-189 | 100 | Thallium-194m | 1,000 |
Iridium-190m | 1,000 | Thallium-194 | 1,000 |
Iridium-190 | 100 | Thallium-195 | 1,000 |
Iridium-192m (1.4 min) | 10 | Thallium-197 | 1,000 |
Iridium-192 (73.8 d) | 1 | Thallium-198m | 1,000 |
Thallium-198 | 1,000 | Radon-220 | 1 |
Thallium-199 | 1,000 | Radon-222 | 1 |
Thallium-200 | 1,000 | Francium-222 | 100 |
Thallium-201 | 1,000 | Francium-223 | 100 |
Thallium-202 | 100 | Radium-223 | 0.1 |
Thallium-204 | 100 | Radium-224 | 0.1 |
Lead-195m | 1,000 | Radium-225 | 0.1 |
Lead-198 | 1,000 | Radium-226 | 0.1 |
Lead-199 | 1,000 | Radium-227 | 1,000 |
Lead-200 | 100 | Radium-228 | 0.1 |
Lead-201 | 1,000 | Actinium-224 | 1 |
Lead-202m | 1,000 | Actinium-225 | 0.01 |
Lead-202 | 10 | Actinium-226 | 0.1 |
Lead-203 | 1,000 | Actinium-227 | 0.001 |
Lead-205 | 100 | Actinium-228 | 1 |
Lead-209 | 1,000 | Thorium-226 | 10 |
Lead-210 | 0.01 | Thorium-227 | 0.01 |
Lead-211 | 100 | Thorium-228 | 0.001 |
Lead-212 | 1 | Thorium-229 | 0.001 |
Lead-214 | 100 | Thorium-230 | 0.001 |
Bismuth-200 | 1,000 | Thorium-231 | 100 |
Bismuth-201 | 1,000 | Thorium-232 | 100 |
Bismuth-202 | 1,000 | Thorium-234 | 10 |
Bismuth-203 | 100 | Thorium-natural | 100 |
Bismuth-205 | 100 | Protactinium-227 | 10 |
Bismuth-206 | 100 | Protactinium-228 | 1 |
Bismuth-207 | 10 | Protactinium-230 | 0.1 |
Bismuth-210m | 0.1 | Protactinium-231 | 0.001 |
Bismuth-210 | 1 | Protactinium-232 | 1 |
Bismuth-212 | 10 | Protactinium-233 | 100 |
Bismuth-213 | 10 | Protactinium-234 | 100 |
Bismuth-214 | 100 | Uranium-230 | 0.01 |
Polonium-203 | 1,000 | Uranium-231 | 100 |
Polonium-205 | 1,000 | Uranium-232 | 0.001 |
Polonium-207 | 1,000 | Uranium-233 | 0.001 |
Polonium-210 | 0.1 | Uranium-234 | 0.001 |
Astatine-207 | 100 | Uranium-235 | 0.001 |
Astatine-211 | 10 | Uranium-236 | 0.001 |
Uranium-237 | 100 | Americium-246m | 1,000 |
Uranium-238 | 100 | Americium-246 | 1,000 |
Uranium-239 | 1,000 | Curium-238 | 100 |
Uranium-240 | 100 | Curium-240 | 0.1 |
Uranium-natural | 100 | Curium-241 | 1 |
Neptunium-232 | 100 | Curium-242 | 0.01 |
Neptunium-233 | 1,000 | Curium-243 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-234 | 100 | Curium-244 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-235 | 100 | Curium-245 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-236 (1.15E+5 y) | 0.001 | Curium-246 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-236 (22.5 h) | 1 | Curium-247 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-237 | 0.001 | Curium-248 | 0.001 |
Neptunium-238 | 10 | Curium-249 | 1,000 |
Neptunium-239 | 100 | Berkelium-245 | 100 |
Neptunium-240 | 1,000 | Berkelium-246 | 100 |
Plutonium-234 | 10 | Berkelium-247 | 0.001 |
Plutonium-235 | 1,000 | Berkelium-249 | 0.1 |
Plutonium-236 | 0.001 | Berkelium-250 | 10 |
Plutonium-237 | 100 | Californium-244 | 100 |
Plutonium-238 | 0.001 | Californium-246 | 1 |
Plutonium-239 | 0.001 | Californium-248 | 0.01 |
Plutonium-240 | 0.001 | Californium-249 | 0.001 |
Plutonium-241 | 0.01 | Californium-250 | 0.001 |
Plutonium-242 | 0.001 | Californium-251 | 0.001 |
Plutonium-243 | 1,000 | Californium-252 | 0.001 |
Plutonium-244 | 0.001 | Californium-253 | 0.1 |
Plutonium-245 | 100 | Californium-254 | 0.001 |
Americium-237 | 1,000 | Einsteinium-250 | 100 |
Americium-238 | 100 | Einsteinium-251 | 100 |
Americium-239 | 1,000 | Einsteinium-253 | 0.1 |
Americium-240 | 100 | Einsteinium-254m | 1 |
Americium-241 | 0.001 | Einsteinium-254 | 0.01 |
Americium-242m | 0.001 | Fermium-252 | 1 |
Americium-242 | 10 | Fermium-253 | 1 |
Americium-243 | 0.001 | Fermium-254 | 10 |
Americium-244m | 100 | Fermium-255 | 1 |
Americium-244 | 10 | Fermium-257 | 0.01 |
Americium-245 | 1,000 | Mendelevium-257 | 10 |
Mendelevium-258 | 0.01 | ||
Any alpha emitting radionuclide not listed above or mixtures of alpha emitters of unknown composition | 0.001 | Any radionuclide other than alpha emitting radionuclides not listed above, or mixtures of beta emitters of unknown composition | 0.01 |
Note:
For purposes of RH-1310.a. and RH-1501.c. where there is involved a combination of radionuclides in known amounts, the limit for the combination shall be derived as follows: determine, for each radionuclide in the combination, the ratio between the quantity present in the combination and the limit otherwise established for the specific radionuclide when not in combination. The sum of such ratios for all radionuclides in the combination may not exceed "1" - that is, unity.
Footnotes for Appendix H to Section 3:
a/ The quantities listed above were derived by taking 1/10th of the most restrictive ALI listed in Table I, Columns 1 and 2, of Appendix G to Section 3, rounding to the nearest factor of 10, and constraining the values listed between 37 Bq and 37 MBq (0.001 and 1,000 |a,Ci). Values of 3.7 MBq (100 |a,Ci) have been assigned for radionuclides having a radioactive half-life in excess of E+9 years, except rhenium, 37 MBq (1,000 |a,Ci), to take into account their low specific activity.
b/ To convert |a,Ci to kBq, multiply the |a,Ci value by 37.
FOOTNOTES TO SECTION 3
1/ An organ or tissue is deemed to be significantly irradiated if, for that organ or tissue, the product of the weighting factors, WT, and the committed dose equivalent, HT,50, per unit intake is greater than ten (10%) percent of the maximum weighted value of HT,50 (i.e., WTHT,50) per unit intake for any organ or tissue. HT,50 was H50.
2/ This section applies to radiation from byproduct, source, or special nuclear materials that are used in sealed sources in non-self-shielded irradiators. This section does not apply to radioactive sources that are used in teletherapy, in industrial radiography, or in completely self-shielded irradiators in which the source is both stored and operated within the same shielding radiation barrier and, in the designed configuration of the irradiator cannot create high levels of radiation in an area that is accessible to any individual. This section also does not apply to sources from which the radiation is incidental to some other use or to nuclear reactor-generated radiation.
3/ As appropriate, the information will include radiation levels, kinds of material,
estimate of activity, date for which activity is estimated, etc.
4/ Labeled with a Radioactive White I, Yellow II, or Yellow III label as specified in U. S. Department of Transportation regulations, 49 CFR 172.403 and 172.436-440.
5/ Labeling of packages containing radioactive materials is required by the Department of Transportation (DOT) if the amount and type of radioactive material exceeds the limits for an excepted quantity or article as defined and limited by DOT regulations 49 CFR 173.403 and 173.421-426.
6/ Licensees are not required to reevaluate the separate external dose equivalents and internal committed dose equivalents or intakes of radionuclides assessed under RH-102. through RH-1308. Further, occupational exposure histories obtained and recorded on Department Form Z (Appendix L to Section 3) before January 1, 1994, would not have included effective dose equivalent but may be used in the absence of specific information on the intake of radionuclides by the individual.
7/ Assessments of dose equivalent and records made using units in effect before the licensee's adoption of this Section need not be changed.
8/ A previous RH-407. permitted burial of small quantities of licensed materials in soil before January 28, 1981, without specific Department authorization.
9/ With respect to the limit for the embryo/fetus (RH-1207), the identifiers should be those of the declared pregnant woman.
10/ The duration of sample collection and the duration of measurement should be sufficiently short compared to the time between collection and measurement, as not to have a statistically significant effect upon the results.
11/ The nominal chemical composition of type 1100 aluminum alloy is 99.00 percent
(99%) minimum aluminum, 0.12 percent copper.
12/ The radiation detectors specified in RH-1608.b.6. may form part of this system.
13/ The calibration protocol published by the American Association of Physicists in
Medicine (AAPM) is accepted as an established protocol. Other protocols which are equivalent will be accepted, but the user should submit that protocol to the Department for concurrence that the protocol is equivalent.
14/ An example of a suggested plaque is shown at the end of this Part.
15/ Appropriate warnings may include:
a. "Do not drill below plug back depth";
b. "Do not enlarge casing"; or c. "Do not re-enter the hole," followed by the words, "before contacting the Arkansas Department of Health."
16/ Soluble (S); Insoluble (I)
17/ "Sub" means that values given are for submersion in a semi-spherical infinite cloud of airborne material.
18/ For purposes of these Regulations, it may be assumed that the daughter activity concentrations in the following table are equivalent to an air concentration of 10-7 microcuries of Radon-222 per milliliter of air in equilibrium with the Radium daughters RaA, RaB, RaC and RaC'.
19/ For soluble mixtures of U-238, U-234 and U-235 in air, chemical toxicity may be the limiting factor. If the percent by weight (enrichment) of U-235 is less than 5, the concentration value for a 40-hour workweek, Table I, is 0.2 milligrams uranium per cubic meter or air average. For any enrichment, the product of the average of concentration and time of exposure during a 40-hour workweek shall not exceed 8 X 10-3 SA µCi-hr/ml, where SA is the specific activity of the uranium inhaled. The concentration value for Table II is 0.007 milligrams uranium per cubic meter of air. The specific activity for natural uranium is 6.77 X 10-7 curies per gram U. The specific activity for other mixtures of U-238, U-235 and U-234, if not known, shall be:
SA = 3.6 X 10-7 Curies/gram U U-depleted
SA = [0.4 + 0.38 (enrichment) + 0.0034 (enrichment)2] X 10-6> 0.72
where enrichment is the percentage by weight of U-235, expressed as percent.
20/ Based on alpha disintegration rate of Th-232, Th-230, and their daughter products.
21/ Based on alpha disintegration rate of U-238, U-234, and U-235.
(FOOTNOTES APPEAR AT THE END OF THIS SECTION)
Exemptions from the requirement for license in RH-3004. are specified in RH-3202. General licenses for which no NRC package approval is required are issued in RH-3304. through RH-3306. The general license in RH-3301. requires that an NRC certificate of compliance or other package approval be issued for the package to be used under this general license.
Except as authorized in a general license or a specific license issued by the Department, or as exempted in this Section, no licensee may:
The following terms are as defined for the purpose of this Section. To ensure compatibility with international transportation standards, all limits in this Section are given in terms of dual units: The International System of Units (SI) followed or preceded by U.S. standard or customary units. The U.S. customary units are not exact equivalents, but rounded to a convenient value, providing a functionally equivalent unit. For the purpose of this Section, either unit may be used.
There is no distinction made in how packages with these designations may be used in domestic transportation. To determine their distinction for international transportation, see DOT regulations in 49 CFR Part 173 . A Type B package approved prior to September 6, 1983, was designated only as Type B. Limitations on its use are specified in 10 CFR 71.19.
On application of any interested person or on its own initiative, the Department may grant any exemption from the requirements of the regulations in this Section that it determines is authorized by law and will not endanger life or property nor the common defense and security.
Any physician, as defined in RH-200., licensed by the State of Arkansas to dispense drugs in the practice of medicine is exempt from RH-3005 with respect to transport by the physician of licensed material for use in the practice of medicine. However, any physician operating under this exemption must be licensed by the Department under Section 9 of these Regulations, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's 10 CFR Part 35 regulations or the equivalent Agreement State regulations.
A licensee is exempt from all the requirements of this section with respect to shipment or carriage of the following low-level materials:
Fissile material meeting the requirements of at least one (1) of the paragraphs RH-3203.a. through f. are exempt from classification as fissile material and from the fissile material package standards of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulations §§ 71.55 and 71.59, but are subject to all other requirements of this section, except as noted.
Low concentrations of solid fissile material commingled with solid nonfissile material, provided that:
The value for the CSI must be greater than or equal to the number calculated by the following equation:
Table 71-1. - Mass Limits for General License Packages Containing Mixed Quantities of Fissile Material or Uranium-235 of Unknown Enrichment per RH-3305.e.
Fissile material | Fissile material mass mixed Fissile material mass mixed with moderating substances with moderating substances having an average hydrogen having an average hydrogen density less than or equal to density greater than H2O (grams) H2Oa (grams) | |
235U (X) | 60 | 38 |
233U (Y) | 43 | 27 |
239Pu or 241Pu (Z) | 37 | 24 |
a When mixtures of moderating substances are present, the lower mass limits shall be used if more than 15 percent of the moderating substance has an average hydrogen density greater than H2O.
Table 71-2. - Mass Limits for General License Packages Containing Uranium-235 of Known Enrichment per RH-3305.e.
Uranium enrichment in weight percent of 235U not exceeding | Fissile material mass of 235U (X) (grams) |
24 | 60 |
20 | 63 |
15 | 67 |
11 | 72 |
10 | 76 |
9.5 | 78 |
9 | 81 |
8.5 | 82 |
8 | 85 |
7.5 | 88 |
7 | 90 |
6.5 | 93 |
6 | 97 |
5.5 | 102 |
5 | 108 |
4.5 | 114 |
4 | 120 |
3.5 | 132 |
3 | 150 |
2.5 | 180 |
2 | 246 |
1.5 | 408 |
1.35 | 480 |
1 | 1,020 |
0.92 | 1,800 |
The value for the CSI must be greater than or equal to the number calculated by the following equation:
A licensee subject to this part, who, under a general or specific license, transports licensed material or delivers licensed material to a carrier for transport, shall comply with the requirements of this Part F, with the quality assurance requirements of Part G, and with the general provisions of Part A of these transportation regulations.
When the isotopic abundance, mass, concentration, degree of irradiation, degree of moderation, or other pertinent property of fissile material in any package is not known, the licensee shall package the fissile material as if the unknown properties have credible values that will cause the maximum neutron multiplication.
Before the first use of any packaging for the shipment of licensed material:
Prior to each shipment of licensed material, the licensee shall ensure that the package with its contents satisfies the applicable requirements of this Section and the license. The licensee shall determine that:
Before delivery of a package to a carrier for transport, the licensee shall ensure that any special instructions needed to safely open the package have been sent to, or otherwise made available to, the consignee for the consignee's use in accordance with RH-1307.f.
Arkansas Department of Health Radiation Control 4815 West Markham Street, Slot 30 Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867 and using an appropriate method listed in 10 CFR 71.1(a), the licensee shall also report to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission:
ATTN: Document Control Desk, Director, Spent Fuel Project Office, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. These written reports must include the following:
The reports submitted by licensees and/or certificate holders under this section must be of sufficient quality to permit reproduction and micrographic processing.
Each advance notification of shipment of irradiated reactor fuel or nuclear waste must contain the following information:
A licensee who finds that schedule information previously furnished to a governor or governor's designee, in accordance with this section, will not be met, shall telephone a responsible individual in the office of the governor of the State or of the governor's designee and inform that individual of the extent of the delay beyond the schedule originally reported. The licensee shall maintain a record of the name of the individual contacted for three (3) years.
This Part describes quality assurance requirements applying to design, purchase, fabrication, handling, shipping, storing, cleaning, assembly, inspection, testing, operation, maintenance, repair, and modification of components of packaging that are important to safety. As used in this Part, "quality assurance" comprises all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a system or component will perform satisfactorily in service. Quality assurance includes quality control, which comprises those quality assurance actions related to control of the physical characteristics and quality of the material or component to predetermined requirements. The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC are responsible for the quality assurance requirements as they apply to design, fabrication, testing, and modification of packaging. Each licensee is responsible for the quality assurance provision which applies to its use of a packaging for the shipment of licensed material subject to this Part G or the Nuclear Regulatory Commissions' subpart H to Part 71.
Each licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall establish, maintain, and execute a quality assurance program satisfying each of the applicable criteria of Part G, "Quality Assurance," and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations 10 CFR Part 71.101 through 71.137 and satisfying any specific provisions that are applicable to the licensee's activities including procurement of packaging. The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall execute the applicable criteria in a graded approach to an extent that is commensurate with the quality assurance requirement's importance to safety.
Before the use of any package for the shipment of licensed material subject to this Part G, each licensee shall obtain Department and/or U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission approval of its quality assurance program. Using an appropriate method listed in RH-3003.a. ( 10 CFR Part 71.1(a)), each licensee shall file a description of its quality assurance program, including a discussion of which requirements of this Part G (subpart H of Part 71) are applicable and how they will be satisfied, by submitting the description to:
Arkansas Department of Health Radiation Control Section
4815 West Markham Street,
Slot 30 Little Rock,
Arkansas 72205-3867 and to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission:
ATTN: Document Control Desk, Director, Spent Fuel Project Office, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
A Department or U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission approved quality assurance program that satisfies the applicable criteria of Part G of this Section, subpart H of 10 CFR Part 71, Appendix B of 10 CFR Part 50, or subpart G of 10 CFR Part 72, and that is established, maintained, and executed regarding transport packages, will be accepted as satisfying the requirements of RH-3600.b. Before first use, the licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall notify the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission in accordance with 10 CFR Part 71.1 of its intent to apply its previously approved Part G of this Section, Appendix B of Part 50, or subpart G of Part 72 quality assurance program to transportation activities. The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall identify the program by date of submittal to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Docket Number, and date of U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission approval.
A program for transport container inspection and maintenance limited to radiographic exposure devices, source changers, or packages transporting these devices and meeting the requirements of RH-1801.i.2. or equivalent Nuclear Regulatory Commission or Agreement State requirement, is deemed to satisfy the requirements of RH-3301.b. and RH-3600.b.
The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall establish measures to control, in accordance with instructions, the handling, storage, shipping, cleaning, and preservation of materials and equipment to be used in packaging to prevent damage or deterioration. When necessary for particular products, special protective environments, such as inert gas atmosphere, and specific moisture content and temperature levels must be specified and provided.
The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall establish measures to control materials, parts, or components that do not conform to the licensee's requirements to prevent their inadvertent use or installation. These measures must include, as appropriate, procedures for identification, documentation, segregation, disposition, and notification to affected organizations. Nonconforming items must be reviewed and accepted, rejected, repaired, or reworked in accordance with documented procedures.
The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall establish measures to assure that conditions adverse to quality, such as deficiencies, deviations, defective material and equipment, and nonconformances, are promptly identified and corrected. In the case of a significant condition adverse to quality, the measures must assure that the cause of the condition is determined and corrective action taken to preclude repetition. The identification of the significant condition adverse to quality, the cause of the condition, and the corrective action taken must be documented and reported to appropriate levels of management.
The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall maintain sufficient written records to describe the activities affecting quality. The records must include the instructions, procedures, and drawings required by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulation 10 CFR 71.111 to prescribe quality assurance activities and must include closely related specifications such as required qualifications of personnel, procedures, and equipment. The records must include the instructions or procedures which establish a records retention program that is consistent with applicable regulations and designates factors such as duration, location, and assigned responsibility. The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall retain these records for three (3) years beyond the date when the licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC last engage in the activity for which the quality assurance program was developed. If any portion of the written procedures or instructions is superseded, the licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall retain the superseded material for three (3) years after it is superseded.
The licensee, certificate holder, and applicant for a CoC shall carry out a comprehensive system of planned and periodic audits to verify compliance with all aspects of the quality assurance program and to determine the effectiveness of the program. The audits must be performed in accordance with written procedures or checklists by appropriately trained personnel not having direct responsibilities in the areas being audited. Audited results must be documented and reviewed by management having responsibility in the area audited. Follow-up action, including re-audit of deficient areas, must be taken where indicated.
APPENDIX A TO SECTION 4 DETERMINATION OF A1 AND A2
For individual radionuclides whose identities are known, but which are not listed in Table A-1, the A1 and A2 values contained in Table A-3 may be used. Otherwise, the licensee shall obtain prior Department approval of the A1 and A2 values for radionuclides not listed in Table A-1, before shipping the material.
where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide i, and A1(i) is the A1 value for radionuclide I.
where B(i) is the activity of radionuclide i, and A2(i) is the A2 value for radionuclide i.
where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide I in the mixture, and A1(i) is the appropriate A1 value for radionuclide I.
where f(i) is the fraction of activity for radionuclide I in the mixture, and A2(i) is the appropriate A2 value for radionuclide I.
where f(i) is the fraction of activity concentration of radionuclide I in the mixture, and [A] is the activity concentration for exempt material containing radionuclide I.
where f(i) is the fraction of activity of radionuclide I in the mixture, and A is the activity limit for exempt consignments for radionuclide I.V. When the identity of each radionuclide is known, but the individual activities of some of the radionuclides are not known, the radionuclides may be grouped, and the lowest A1 or A2 value, as appropriate, for the radionuclides in each group may be used in applying the formulas in paragraph IV. Groups may be based on the total alpha activity and the total beta/gamma activity when these are known, using the lowest A1 or A2 values for the alpha emitters and beta/gamma emitters.
TABLE A-1-A1 AND A2 VALUES FOR RADIONUCLIDES
Symbol of radionuclide | Element and atomic number | A1 (TBq) | A2 (TBq) | Specific activity | |||
(TBq/g) | (Ci/g) | ||||||
Actinium (89) | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 6.0X10-3 | 1.6X10-1 | 2.1X103 | 5.8X104 | |
9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 9.0X10-5 | 2.4X10-3 | 2.7 | 7.2X101 | ||
Ac-228 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 8.4X104 | 2.2X106 | |
Ag-105 | Silver (47) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X104 |
7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 9.7X10-1 2.6X101 | |||
4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.8X102 | 4.7X103 | ||
Ag-111 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.8X103 | 1.6X105 | |
Al-26 | Aluminum (13) | 1.0X10-1 | 2.7 | 1.0X10-1 | 2.7 | 7.0X10-4 | 1.9X10-2 |
Am-241 | Americium (95) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 1.3X10-1 | 3.4 |
1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 3.6X10-1 | 1.0X101 | ||
5.0 | 1.4X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 7.4X10-3 | 2.0X10-1 | ||
Ar-37 | Argon (18) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.7X103 | 9.9X104 |
Ar-39 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.3 | 3.4X101 | |
Ar-41 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.5X106 | 4.2X107 | |
As-72 | Arsenic (33) | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 6.2X104 1.7X106 | |
As-73 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 8.2X102 | 2.2X104 | |
As-74 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 3.7X103 | 9.9X104 | |
As-76 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 5.8X104 | 1.6X106 | |
As-77 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 3.9X104 | 1.0X106 | |
Astatine (85) | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 7.6X104 | 2.1X106 | |
Au-193 | Gold (79) | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.4X104 | 9.2X105 |
Au-194 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.5X104 | 4.1X105 | |
Au-195 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 6.0 | 1.6X102 | 1.4X102 | 3.7X103 | |
Au-198 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 9.0X103 | 2.4X105 | |
Au-199 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 7.7X103 2.1X105 | ||
Barium (56) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.1X103 8.4X104 | ||
Ba-133 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 9.4 | 2.6X102 | |
Ba-133m | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.2X104 | 6.1X105 | |
5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 2.7X103 | 7.3X104 | ||
Be-7 | Beryllium (4) | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.3X104 | 3.5X105 |
Be-10 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 8.3X10-4 | 2.2X10-2 | |
Bi-205 | Bismuth (83) | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 1.5X103 | 4.2X104 |
Bi-206 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.8X103 | 1.0X105 | |
Bi-207 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 1.9 | 5.2X101 | |
Bi-210 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.6X103 | 1.2X105 | |
6.0X10-1 1.6X101 | 2.0X10-2 5.4X10-1 | 2.1X10-5 5.7X10-4 | |||||
7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.4X105 | 1.5X107 | ||
Bk-247 | Berkelium (97) | 8.0 | 2.2X102 | 8.0X10-4 | 2.2X10-2 | 3.8X10-2 | 1.0 |
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 6.1X101 | 1.6X103 | ||
Br-76 | Bromine (35) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 9.4X104 | 2.5X106 |
Br-77 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 2.6X104 | 7.1X105 | |
Br-82 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X104 | 1.1X106 | |
C-11 | Carbon (6) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.1X107 | 8.4X108 |
C-14 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.6X10-1 | 4.5 | |
Ca-41 | Calcium (20) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 3.1X10-3 | 8.5X10-2 |
Ca-45 | 4.0X101 1.1X103 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.6X102 1.8X104 | |||
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 2.3X104 | 6.1X105 | ||
Cd-109 | Cadmium (48) | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 9.6X101 | 2.6X103 |
Cd-113m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 8.3 | 2.2X102 | |
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.9X104 | 5.1X105 | ||
Cd-115m | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 9.4X102 | 2.5X104 | |
Ce-139 | Cerium (58) | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.5X102 | 6.8X103 |
Ce-141 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.8X104 | |
Ce-143 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.5X104 | 6.6X105 | |
2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 1.2X102 | 3.2X103 | ||
Cf-248 | Californium (98) 4.0X101 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-3 1.6X10-1 | 5.8X101 1.6X103 | ||||
Cf-249 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 8.0X10-4 | 2.2X10-2 | 1.5X10-1 | 4.1 | |
Cf-250 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X10-3 | 5.4X10-2 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | |
Cf-251 | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 7.0X10-4 | 1.9X10-2 | 5.9X10-2 | 1.6 | |
5.0X10-2 | 1.4 | 3.0X10-3 | 8.1X10-2 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X10-2 | 1.1 | 1.1X103 | 2.9X104 | ||
Cf-254 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 3.1X102 | 8.5X103 | |
Cl-36 | Chlorine (17) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.2X10-3 | 3.3X10-2 |
Cl-38 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 4.9X106 | 1.3X108 | |
Cm-240 | Curium (96) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 7.5X102 | 2.0X104 |
Cm-241 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.1X102 | 1.7X104 | |
Cm-242 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0X10-2 | 2.7X10-1 | 1.2X102 | 3.3X103 | |
Cm-243 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 1.9X10-3 5.2X101 | ||
Cm-244 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X10-3 | 5.4X10-2 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | |
Cm-245 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 9.0X10-4 | 2.4X10-2 | 6.4X10-3 | 1.7X10-1 | |
Cm-246 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 9.0X10-4 | 2.4X10-2 | 1.1X10-2 | 3.1X10-1 | |
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 3.4X10-6 | 9.3X10-5 | ||
Cm-248 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 3.0X10-4 | 8.1X10-3 | 1.6X10-4 | 4.2X10-3 | |
Co-55 | Cobalt (27) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 1.1X105 | 3.1X106 |
Co-56 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X104 | |
Co-57 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 3.1X102 | 8.4X103 | |
Co-58 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.2X103 | 3.2X104 | |
Co-58m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.2X105 5.9X106 | ||
Co-60 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.2X101 | 1.1X103 | |
Cr-51 | Chromium (24) | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.4X103 | 9.2X104 |
Cs-129 | Cesium (55) | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 2.8X104 | 7.6X105 |
Cs-131 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.8X103 | 1.0X105 | |
Cs-132 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.7X103 | 1.5X105 | |
Cs-134 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 4.8X101 | 1.3X103 | |
Cs-134m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.0X105 | 8.0X106 | |
Cs-135 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 4.3X10-5 | 1.2X10-3 | |
Cs-136 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 2.7X103 | 7.3X104 | |
2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.2 | 8.7X101 | ||
Cu-64 | Copper (29) | 6.0 | 1.6X102 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.4X105 | 3.9X106 |
Cu-67 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 2.8X104 | 7.6X105 | |
Dy-159 | Dysprosium (66) | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.1X102 | 5.7X103 |
Dy-165 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.0X105 | 8.2X106 | |
9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 8.6X103 | 2.3X105 | ||
Er-169 | Erbium (68) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 3.1X103 | 8.3X104 |
Er-171 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 9.0X104 | 2.4X106 | |
Eu-147 | Europium (63) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.4X103 | 3.7X104 |
Eu-148 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.0X102 | 1.6X104 | |
Eu-149 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 3.5X102 | 9.4X103 | |
Eu-150 (short lived) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.1X104 | 1.6X106 | |
Eu-150 (long lived) | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.1X104 1.6X106 | ||
Eu-152 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.5 | 1.8X102 | |
Eu-152m | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 8.2X104 | 2.2X106 | |
Eu-154 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 9.8 | 2.6X102 | |
Eu-155 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.8X101 | 4.9X102 | |
Eu-156 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 2.0X103 | 5.5X104 | |
F-18 | Fluorine (9) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.5X106 | 9.5X107 |
Iron (26) | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 2.7X105 | 7.3X106 | |
Fe-55 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 8.8X101 | 2.4X103 | |
Fe-59 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 1.8X103 | 5.0X104 | |
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 7.4X10-4 2.0X10-2 | |||
Ga-67 | Gallium (31) | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 2.2X104 | 6.0X105 |
Ga-68 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 1.5X106 | 4.1X107 | |
Ga-72 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.1X105 | 3.1X106 | |
Gadolinium (64) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.9X102 | 1.9X104 | |
Gd-148 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X10-3 | 5.4X10-2 | 1.2 | 3.2X101 | |
Gd-153 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 1.3X102 | 3.5X103 | |
Gd-159 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.9X104 | 1.1X106 | |
Germanium (32) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 2.6X102 | 7.1X103 | |
Ge-71 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.8X103 | 1.6X105 | |
Ge-77 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.3X105 3.6X106 | ||
Hafnium (72) | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.1X101 | 1.1X103 | |
Hf-175 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.9X102 | 1.1X104 | |
Hf-181 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.3X102 | 1.7X104 | |
Hf-182 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 8.1X10-6 | 2.2X10-4 | |
Mercury (80) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.3X10-1 | 3.5 | |
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 1.5X104 | 4.0X105 | ||
Hg-197 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 9.2X103 | 2.5X105 | |
Hg-197m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 2.5X104 | 6.7X105 | |
Hg-203 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.1X102 | 1.4X104 | |
Ho-166 | Holmium (67) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 2.6X104 | 7.0X105 |
Ho-166m | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.6X10-2 | 1.8 | |
I-123 | Iodine (53) | 6.0 | 1.6X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 7.1X104 1.9X106 | |
I-124 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 9.3X103 | 2.5X105 | |
I-125 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.4X102 | 1.7X104 | |
I-126 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 2.9X103 | 8.0X104 | |
I-129 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 6.5X10-6 | 1.8X10-4 | |
I-131 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 4.6X103 | 1.2X105 | |
I-132 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.8X105 | 1.0X107 | |
I-133 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.2X104 | 1.1X106 | |
I-134 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 9.9X105 | 2.7X107 | |
6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.3X105 | 3.5X106 | ||
In-111 | Indium (49) | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.5X104 4.2X105 | |
In-113m | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.2X105 | 1.7X107 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 8.6X102 | 2.3X104 | ||
In-115m | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 2.2X105 | 6.1X106 | |
Iridium (77) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.9X103 | 5.2X104 | |
Ir-190 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 2.3X103 | 6.2X104 | |
1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.4X102 | 9.2X103 | ||
Ir-194 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.1X104 | 8.4X105 | |
K-40 | Potassium (19) | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 2.4X10-7 | 6.4X10-6 |
K-42 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.2X105 | 6.0X106 | |
K-43 | 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 | 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 | 1.2X105 3.3X106 | ||||
Kr-81 | Krypton (36) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 7.8X10-4 | 2.1X10-2 |
Kr-85 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.5X101 | 3.9X102 | |
Kr-85m | 8.0 | 2.2X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0X105 | 8.2X106 | |
Kr-87 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 1.0X106 | 2.8X107 | |
La-137 | Lanthanum (57) | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 6.0 | 1.6X102 | 1.6X10-3 | 4.4X10-2 |
La-140 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 2.1X104 | 5.6X105 | |
Lu-172 | Lutetium (71) | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.2X103 | 1.1X105 |
Lu-173 | 8.0 | 2.2X102 | 8.0 | 2.2X102 | 5.6X101 | 1.5X103 | |
Lu-174 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 2.3X101 | 6.2X102 | |
Lu-174m | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 2.0X102 | 5.3X103 | |
Lu-177 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 4.1X103 | 1.1X105 | |
Magnesium (12) | 3.0X10-1 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 8.1 | 2.0X105 5.4X106 | ||||
Mn-52 | Manganese (25) | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.6X104 | 4.4X105 |
Mn-53 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 6.8X10-5 | 1.8X10-3 | |
Mn-54 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 2.9X102 | 7.7X103 | |
Mn-56 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 8.0X105 | 2.2X107 | |
Mo-93 | Molybdenum (42) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 4.1X10-2 | 1.1 |
1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.8X104 | 4.8X105 | ||
N-13 | Nitrogen (7) | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.4X107 | 1.5X109 |
Na-22 | Sodium (11) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 2.3X102 | 6.3X103 |
Na-24 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 3.2X105 | 8.7X106 | |
Nb-93m | Niobium (41) | 4.0X101 1.1X103 3.0X101 8.1X102 | 8.8 | 2.4X102 | |||
Nb-94 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.9X10-3 | 1.9X10-1 | |
Nb-95 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.5X103 | 3.9X104 | |
Nb-97 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 9.9X105 | 2.7X107 | |
Nd-147 | Neodymium (60) | 6.0 | 1.6X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.0X103 | 8.1X104 |
Nd-149 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 4.5X105 | 1.2X107 | |
Ni-59 | Nickel (28) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 3.0X10-3 | 8.0X10-2 |
Ni-63 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 2.1 | 5.7X101 | |
Ni-65 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 7.1X105 | 1.9X107 | |
Np-235 | Neptunium (93) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.2X101 | 1.4X103 |
Np-236 (short-lived) | 2.0X101 5.4X102 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 4.7X10-4 1.3X10-2 | ||||
Np-236 (long-lived) | 9.0X100 | 2.4X102 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 4.7X10-4 | 1.3X10-2 | |
Np-237 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X10-3 | 5.4X10-2 | 2.6X10-5 | 7.1X10-4 | |
Np-239 | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 8.6X103 | 2.3X105 | |
Os-185 | Osmium (76) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 2.8X102 | 7.5X103 |
Os-191 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.6X103 | 4.4X104 | |
Os-191m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 4.6X104 | 1.3X106 | |
Os-193 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.0X104 | 5.3X105 | |
3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.1X101 | 3.1X102 | ||
P-32 | Phosphorus (15) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 1.1X104 | 2.9X105 |
P-33 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.8X103 | 1.6X105 | |
Protactinium (91) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 7.0X10-2 | 1.9 | 1.2X103 | 3.3X104 | |
Pa-231 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 4.0X10-4 1.1X10-2 | 1.7X10-3 4.7X10-2 | ||||
Pa-233 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.7X102 | 2.1X104 | |
Pb-201 | Lead (82) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.2X104 | 1.7X106 |
Pb-202 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.2X10-4 | 3.4X10-3 | |
Pb-203 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.1X104 | 3.0X105 | |
Pb-205 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 4.5X10-6 | 1.2X10-4 | |
1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.0X10-2 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 7.6X101 | ||
7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 5.1X104 | 1.4X106 | ||
Palladium (46) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.8X103 | 7.5X104 | |
Pd-107 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 1.9X10-5 | 5.1X10-4 | |
Pd-109 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 5.0X10-1 1.4X101 | 7.9X104 2.1X106 | ||||
Pm-143 | Promethium (61) | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.3X102 | 3.4X103 |
Pm-144 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 9.2X101 | 2.5X103 | |
Pm-145 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 5.2 | 1.4X102 | |
Pm-147 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.4X101 | 9.3X102 | |
8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 7.9X102 | 2.1X104 | ||
Pm-149 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.5X104 | 4.0X105 | |
Pm-151 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.7X104 | 7.3X105 | |
Po-210 | Polonium (84) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 1.7X102 | 4.5X103 |
Pr-142 | Praseodymium (59) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.3X104 | 1.2X106 |
Pr-143 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 | 2.5X103 6.7X104 | ||||
Platinum (78) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 2.5X103 | 6.8X104 | |
Pt-191 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 8.7X103 | 2.4X105 | |
Pt-193 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.4 | 3.7X101 | |
Pt-193m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.8X103 | 1.6X105 | |
Pt-195m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.2X103 | 1.7X105 | |
Pt-197 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.2X104 | 8.7X105 | |
Pt-197m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.7X105 | 1.0X107 | |
Pu-236 | Plutonium (94) | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X10-3 | 8.1X10-2 | 2.0X101 | 5.3X102 |
Pu-237 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 4.5X102 | 1.2X104 | |
Pu-238 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 6.3X10-1 | 1.7X101 | |
Pu-239 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 2.3X10-3 | 6.2X10-2 | |
Pu-240 | 1.0X101 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 2.7X10-2 | 8.4X10-3 2.3X10-1 | ||||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-2 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 1.0X102 | ||
Pu-242 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 1.5X10-4 | 3.9X10-3 | |
4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 6.7X10-7 | 1.8X10-5 | ||
Radium (88) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 7.0X10-3 | 1.9X10-1 | 1.9X103 | 5.1X104 | |
4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 5.9X103 | 1.6X105 | ||
2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 4.0X10-3 | 1.1X10-1 | 1.5X103 | 3.9X104 | ||
2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 3.0X10-3 | 8.1X10-2 | 3.7X10-2 | 1.0 | ||
6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | ||
Rb-81 | Rubidium (37) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 3.1X105 | 8.4X106 |
2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.8X102 1.8X104 | |||
Rb-84 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.8X103 | 4.7X104 | |
Rb-86 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 3.0X103 | 8.1X104 | |
Rb-87 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 3.2X10-9 | 8.6X10-8 | |
Rb(nat) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 6.7X106 | 1.8X108 | |
Re-184 | Rhenium (75) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.9X102 | 1.9X104 |
Re-184m | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.6X102 | 4.3X103 | |
Re-186 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.9X103 | 1.9X105 | |
Re-187 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 1.4X10-9 | 3.8X10-8 | |
Re-188 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.6X104 | 9.8X105 | |
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.0X10-1 1.6X101 | 2.5X104 6.8X105 | ||||
Re(nat) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 0.0 | 2.4X10-8 | |
Rh-99 | Rhodium (45) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.0X103 | 8.2X104 |
Rh-101 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 4.1X101 | 1.1X103 | |
Rh-102 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 4.5X101 | 1.2X103 | |
Rh-102m | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.3X102 | 6.2X103 | |
Rh-103m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.2X106 | 3.3X107 | |
Rh-105 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 3.1X104 | 8.4X105 | |
Radon (86) | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 4.0X10-3 | 1.1X10-1 | 5.7X103 | 1.5X105 | |
Ru-97 | Ruthenium (44) | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 1.7X104 | 4.6X105 |
2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.2X103 | 3.2X104 | ||
Ru-105 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.5X105 | 6.7X106 | |
2.0X10-1 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 5.4 | 1.2X102 3.3X103 | |||||
S-35 | Sulphur (16) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 1.6X103 | 4.3X104 |
Sb-122 | Antimony (51) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.5X104 | 4.0X105 |
Sb-124 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.5X102 | 1.7X104 | |
Sb-125 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 3.9X101 | 1.0X103 | |
Sb-126 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.1X103 | 8.4X104 | |
Sc-44 | Scandium (21) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 6.7X105 | 1.8X107 |
Sc-46 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 1.3X103 | 3.4X104 | |
Sc-47 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 3.1X104 | 8.3X105 | |
Sc-48 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 5.5X104 | 1.5X106 | |
Se-75 | Selenium (34) 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 5.4X102 1.5X104 | ||
Se-79 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.6X10-3 | 7.0X10-2 | |
Si-31 | Silicon (14) | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.4X106 | 3.9X107 |
Si-32 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 3.9 | 1.1X102 | |
Sm-145 | Samarium (62) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 9.8X101 | 2.6X103 |
Sm-147 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 8.5X10-1 | 2.3X10-8 | |
Sm-151 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 9.7X10-1 | 2.6X101 | |
Sm-153 | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.6X104 | 4.4X105 | |
Tin (50) | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.7X102 | 1.0X104 | |
Sn-117m | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.0X103 | 8.2X104 | |
Sn-119m | 4.0X101 1.1X103 | 3.0X101 8.1X102 | 1.4X102 3.7X103 | ||||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | ||
Sn-123 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 3.0X102 | 8.2X103 | |
Sn-125 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X103 | 1.1X105 | |
6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.8X10-2 | ||
Strontium (38) | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.3X103 | 6.2X104 | |
Sr-85 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 8.8X102 | 2.4X104 | |
Sr-85m | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 1.2X106 | 3.3X107 | |
Sr-87m | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 4.8X105 | 1.3X107 | |
Sr-89 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.9X104 | |
3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 5.1 | 1.4X102 | ||
3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.3X105 | 3.6X106 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X101 | 3.0X10-1 8.1 | 4.7X105 1.3X107 | ||||
T(H-3) | Tritium (1) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.6X102 | 9.7X103 |
Ta-178 (long-lived) | Tantalum (73) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 4.2X106 | 1.1X108 |
Ta-179 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 4.1X101 | 1.1X103 | |
Ta-182 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 2.3X102 | 6.2X103 | |
Tb-157 | Terbium (65) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 5.6X10-1 | 1.5X101 |
Tb-158 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.6X10-1 | 1.5X101 | |
Tb-160 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 4.2X102 | 1.1X104 | |
Technetium (43) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 8.3X102 | 2.2X104 | |
Tc-96 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.2X104 | 3.2X105 | |
4.0X10-1 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 1.1X101 | 1.4X106 3.8X107 | |||||
Tc-97 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 5.2X10-5 | 1.4X10-3 | |
Tc-97m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 5.6X102 | 1.5X104 | |
Tc-98 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 3.2X10-5 | 8.7X10-4 | |
Tc-99 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.3X10-4 | 1.7X10-2 | |
Tc-99m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 1.9X105 | 5.3X106 | |
Te-121 | Tellurium (52) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.4X103 | 6.4X104 |
Te-121m | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 2.6X102 | 7.0X103 | |
Te-123m | 8.0 | 2.2X102 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 3.3X102 | 8.9X103 | |
Te-125m | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.7X102 | 1.8X104 | |
Te-127 | 2.0X101 5.4X102 | 7.0X10-1 1.9X101 | 9.8X104 2.6X106 | ||||
2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 3.5X102 | 9.4X103 | ||
Te-129 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 7.7X105 | 2.1X107 | |
8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X104 | ||
7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 3.0X104 | 8.0X105 | ||
5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.1X104 | 3.0X105 | ||
Th-227 | Thorium (90) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 5.0X10-3 | 1.4X10-1 | 1.1X103 | 3.1X104 |
5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 3.0X101 | 8.2X102 | ||
Th-229 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 5.0X10-4 | 1.4X10-2 | 7.9X10-3 | 2.1X10-1 | |
Th-230 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 7.6X10-4 | 2.1X10-2 | |
Th-231 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 2.0X104 | 5.3X105 | |
Th-232 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 4.0X10-9 | 1.1X10-7 | |
3.0X10-1 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 8.1 | 8.6X102 2.3X104 | |||||
Th(nat) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 8.1X10-9 | 2.2X10-7 | |
Titanium (22) | 5.0X10-1 | 1.4X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 6.4 | 1.7X102 | |
Tl-200 | Thallium (81) | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 2.2X104 | 6.0X105 |
Tl-201 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 7.9X103 | 2.1X105 | |
Tl-202 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0X103 | 5.3X104 | |
Tl-204 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 1.7X101 | 4.6X102 | |
Tm-167 | Thulium (69) | 7.0 | 1.9X102 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 3.1X103 | 8.5X104 |
Tm-170 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.2X102 | 6.0X103 | |
Tm-171 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | |
Uranium (92) | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0X10-1 | 2.7 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X104 | |
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X10-3 | 1.1X10-1 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X104 | ||
3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X10-3 | 8.1X10-2 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X104 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 1.0X10-2 | 2.7X10-1 | 8.3X10-1 | 2.2X101 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 7.0X10-3 | 1.9X10-1 | 8.3X10-1 | 2.2X101 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 1.0X10-3 | 2.7X10-2 | 8.3X10-1 | 2.2X101 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 9.0X10-2 | 2.4 | 3.6X10-4 | 9.7X10-3 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 3.6X10-4 | 9.7X10-3 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-3 | 1.6X10-1 | 3.6X10-4 | 9.7X10-3 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 9.0X10-2 | 2.4 | 2.3X10-4 | 6.2X10-3 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 2.3X10-4 | 6.2X10-3 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-3 | 1.6X10-1 | 2.3X10-4 | 6.2X10-3 | ||
Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 8.0X10-8 | 2.2X10-6 | ||||||
Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 2.4X10-6 | 6.5X10-5 | ||||||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 2.0X10-2 | 5.4X10-1 | 2.4X10-6 | 6.5X10-5 | ||
4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 6.0X10-3 | 1.6X10-1 | 2.4X10-6 | 6.5X10-5 | ||
Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 1.2X10-8 | 3.4X10-7 | ||
U (nat) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 2.6X10-8 | 7.1X10-7 | |
Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | See Table A-4 | See Table A-4 | ||
U (dep) | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | See Table A-4 | (See Table A-3) | |
V-48 | Vanadium (23) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 6.3X103 | 1.7X105 |
V-49 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.0X102 | 8.1X103 | |
Tungsten (74) | 9.0 | 2.4X102 | 5.0 | 1.4X102 | 1.3X103 | 3.4X104 | |
W-181 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 2.2X102 | 6.0X103 | |
W-185 | 4.0X101 1.1X103 8.0X10-1 2.2X101 3.5X102 9.4X103 | ||||||
W-187 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 2.6X104 | 7.0X105 | |
4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.7X102 | 1.0X104 | ||
Xenon (54) | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.8X104 | 1.3X106 | |
Xe-123 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 7.0X10-1 | 1.9X101 | 4.4X105 | 1.2X107 | |
Xe-127 | 4.0 | 1.1X102 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.0X103 | 2.8X104 | |
Xe-131m | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 4.0X101 | 1.1X103 | 3.1X103 | 8.4X104 | |
Xe-133 | 2.0X101 | 5.4X102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X102 | 6.9X103 | 1.9X105 | |
Xe-135 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 9.5X104 | 2.6X106 | |
Yttrium (39) | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 1.7X104 | 4.5X105 | |
Y-88 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 5.2X102 | 1.4X104 | |
Y-90 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 2.0X104 | 5.4X105 | |
Y-91 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 9.1X102 | 2.5X104 | |
Y-91m | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 1.5X106 | 4.2X107 | |
Y-92 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 2.0X10-1 | 5.4 | 3.6X105 | 9.6X106 | |
Y-93 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 3.0X10-1 | 8.1 | 1.2X105 | 3.3X106 | |
Yb-169 | Ytterbium (70) 4.0 | 1.1X102 1.0 | 2.7X101 | 8.9X102 2.4X104 | |||
Yb-175 | 3.0X101 | 8.1X102 | 9.0X10-1 | 2.4X101 | 6.6X103 | 1.8X105 | |
Zn-65 | Zinc (30) | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 2.0 | 5.4X101 | 3.0X102 | 8.2X103 |
Zn-69 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.8X106 | 4.9X107 | |
3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.0X10-1 | 1.6X101 | 1.2X105 | 3.3X106 | ||
Zr-88 | Zirconium (40) | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 3.0 | 8.1X101 | 6.6X102 | 1.8X104 |
Zr-93 | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | Unlimited | 9.3X10-5 | 2.5X10-3 | |
2.0 | 5.4X101 | 8.0X10-1 | 2.2X101 | 7.9X102 | 2.1X104 | ||
4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 4.0X10-1 | 1.1X101 | 7.1X104 | 1.9X106 | ||
a A1 and/or A2 values include contributions from daughter nuclides with half-lives less than 10 days.
b The values of A1 and A2 in Curies (Ci) are approximate and for information only; the regulatory standard units are Terabecquerels (TBq). See Appendix A to Section 4 - Determination of A1 and A2, Section I.
c The quantity may be determined from a measurement of the rate of decay or a measurement of the radiation level at a prescribed distance from the source.
d These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
e These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCl4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
f These values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes (d) and (e) of this table.
g These values apply to unirradiated uranium only.
h A1 = 0.1 TBq (2.7 Ci) and A2 = 0.001 TBq (0.027 Ci) for Cf-252 for domestic use.
i A2 = 0.74 TBq (20 Ci) for Mo-99 for domestic use.
TABLE A-2-EXEMPT MATERIAL ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS AND EXEMPT CONSIGNMENT ACTIVITY LIMITS FOR RADIONUCLIDES
Symbol of radionuclide | Element and atomic number | Activity concentration for exempt material (Bq/g) | Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g) | Activity limit for exempt consignment (Bq) | Activity limit for exempt consignment (Ci) |
Ac-225 | Actinium (89) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Ac-227 | 1.0X10-1 | 2.7X10-12 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Ac-228 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ag-105 | Silver (47) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | ||
Ag-110m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ag-111 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Al-26 | Aluminum (13) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Am-241 | Americium (95) | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
Ar-37 | Argon (18) | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 |
Ar-39 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Ar-41 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
As-72 | Arsenic (33) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
As-73 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
As-74 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
As-76 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
As-77 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
At-211 | Astatine (85) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Au-193 | Gold (79) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Au-194 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Au-195 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Au-198 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Au-199 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ba-131 | Barium (56) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Ba-133 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ba-133m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Be-7 | Beryllium (4) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Be-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Bi-205 | Bismuth (83) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Bi-206 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Bi-207 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Bi-210 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Bi-210m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Bk-247 | Berkelium (97) | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Bk-249 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Br-76 | Bromine (35) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Br-77 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Br-82 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
C-11 | Carbon (6) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
C-14 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Ca-41 | Calcium (20) | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Ca-45 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Ca-47 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Cd-109 | Cadmium (48) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Cd-113m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Cd-115 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Cd-115m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ce-139 | Cerium (58) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Ce-141 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Ce-143 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Cf-248 | Californium (98) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Cf-249 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Cf-250 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cf-251 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Cf-252 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cf-253 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cf-254 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Cl-36 | Chlorine (17) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Cl-38 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cm-240 | Curium (96) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Cm-241 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Cm-242 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cm-243 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cm-244 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cm-245 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Cm-246 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Cm-247 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cm-248 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Co-55 | Cobalt (27) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Co-56 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Co-57 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Co-58 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Co-58m | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Co-60 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cr-51 | Chromium (24) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Cs-129 | Cesium (55) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Cs-131 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Cs-132 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cs-134 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Cs-134m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Cs-135 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Cs-136 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
Cu-64 | Copper (29) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Cu-67 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Dy-159 | Dysprosium (66) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Dy-165 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Dy-166 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Er-169 | Erbium (68) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Er-171 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-147 | Europium (63) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Eu-148 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-149 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Eu-150 (short lived) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-150 (long lived) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-152 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-152m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-154 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Eu-155 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Eu-156 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
F-18 | Fluorine (9) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Fe-52 | Iron (26) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Fe-55 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Fe-59 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Fe-60 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Ga-67 | Gallium (31) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Ga-68 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Ga-72 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Gd-146 | Gadolinium (64) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Gd-148 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Gd-153 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Gd-159 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ge-68 | Germanium (32) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Ge-71 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Ge-77 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Hf-172 | Hafnium (72) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Hf-175 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Hf-181 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Hf-182 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Hg-194 | Mercury (80) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Hg-195m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Hg-197 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Hg-197m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Hg-203 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Ho-166 | Holmium (67) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Ho-166m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-123 | Iodine (53) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
I-124 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-125 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-126 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-129 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
I-131 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-132 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
I-133 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
I-134 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
I-135 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
In-111 | Indium (49) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
In-113m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
In-114m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
In-115m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ir-189 | Iridium (77) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Ir-190 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ir-192 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Ir-194 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
K-40 | Potassium (19) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
K-42 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
K-43 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Kr-81 | Krypton (36) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Kr-85 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Kr-85m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X1010 | 2.7X10-1 | |
Kr-87 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
La-137 | Lanthanum (57) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
La-140 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Lu-172 | Lutetium (71) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Lu-173 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Lu-174 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Lu-174m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Lu-177 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Mg-28 | Magnesium (12) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Mn-52 | Manganese (25) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Mn-53 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
Mn-54 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Mn-56 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Mo-93 | Molybdenum (42) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 |
Mo-99 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
N-13 | Nitrogen (7) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 |
Na-22 | Sodium (11) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Na-24 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Nb-93m | Niobium (41) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Nb-94 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Nb-95 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Nb-97 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Nd-147 | Neodymium (60) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Nd-149 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ni-59 | Nickel (28) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 |
Ni-63 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Ni-65 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Np-235 | Neptunium (93) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Np-236 (shortlived) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Np-236 (long-lived) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
Np-239 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Os-185 | Osmium (76) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Os-191 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Os-191m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Os-193 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Os-194 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
P-32 | Phosphorus (15) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
P-33 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Pa-230 | Protactinium (91) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Pa-231 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Pa-233 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pb-201 | Lead (82) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Pb-202 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pb-203 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pb-205 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Pd-103 | Palladium (46) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 |
Pd-107 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Pd-109 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pm-143 | Promethium (61) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Pm-144 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pm-145 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pm-147 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pm-148m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pm-149 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pm-151 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Po-210 | Polonium (84) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Pr-142 | Praseodymium (59) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Pr-143 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pt-188 | Platinum (78) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Pt-191 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pt-193 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pt-193m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pt-195m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pt-197 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pt-197m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Pu-236 | Plutonium (94) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Pu-237 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Pu-238 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Pu-239 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Pu-240 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
Pu-241 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Pu-242 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Pu-244 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Radium (88) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Ra-225 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
Rb-81 | Rubidium (37) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Rb-83 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Rb-84 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Rb-86 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Rb-87 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Rb(nat) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Re-184 | Rhenium (75) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Re-184m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Re-186 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Re-187 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
Re-188 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Re-189 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Re(nat) | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
Rh-99 | Rhodium (45) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Rh-101 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Rh-102 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Rh-102m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Rh-103m | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Rh-105 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Radon (86) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Ru-97 | Ruthenium (44) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Ru-103 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Ru-105 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
S-35 | Sulphur (16) | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 |
Sb-122 | Antimony (51) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
Sb-124 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sb-125 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sb-126 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Sc-44 | Scandium (21) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Sc-46 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sc-47 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sc-48 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Se-75 | Selenium (34) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Se-79 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Si-31 | Silicon (14) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Si-32 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sm-145 | Samarium (62) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Sm-147 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Sm-151 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Sm-153 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sn-113 | Tin (50) | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Sn-117m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sn-119m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Sn-121m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Sn-123 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sn-125 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Sn-126 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Sr-82 | Strontium (38) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Sr-85 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sr-85m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Sr-87m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Sr-89 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
Sr-91 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Sr-92 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
T(H-3) | Tritium (1) | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 |
Ta-178 (long-lived) | Tantalum (73) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Ta-179 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Ta-182 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Tb-157 | Terbium (65) | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Tb-158 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tb-160 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tc-95m | Technetium (43) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Tc-96 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tc-96m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Tc-97 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Tc-97m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Tc-98 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tc-99 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Tc-99m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Te-121 | Tellurium (52) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Te-121m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Te-123m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Te-125m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Te-127 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Te-127m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Te-129 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Te-129m | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Te-131m | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Te-132 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Th-227 | Thorium (90) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 |
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
Th-230 | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Th-231 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Th-232 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
Ti-44 | Titanium (22) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
Tl-200 | Thallium (81) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Tl-201 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tl-202 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tl-204 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Tm-167 | Thulium (69) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Tm-170 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Tm-171 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X108 | 2.7X10-3 | |
Uranium (92) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
U-235 (all lung absorption types) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | ||
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | ||
U-238 (all lung absorption types) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | ||
U (dep) | 1.0 | 2.7X10-11 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | |
V-48 | Vanadium (23) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
V-49 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
W-178 | Tungsten (74) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
W-181 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
W-185 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
W-187 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
W-188 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Xe-122 | Xenon (54) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 |
Xe-123 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X109 | 2.7X10-2 | |
Xe-127 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Xe-131m | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Xe-133 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | |
Xe-135 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X1010 | 2.7X10-1 | |
Y-87 | Yttrium (39) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Y-88 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Y-90 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Y-91 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Y-91m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Y-92 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Y-93 | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 | |
Yb-169 | Ytterbium (70) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 |
Yb-175 | 1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | |
Zn-65 | Zinc (30) | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
Zn-69 | 1.0X104 | 2.7X10-7 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Zn-69m | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
Zr-88 | Zirconium (40) | 1.0X102 | 2.7X10-9 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 |
1.0X103 | 2.7X10-8 | 1.0X107 | 2.7X10-4 | ||
Zr-95 | 1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X106 | 2.7X10-5 | |
1.0X101 | 2.7X10-10 | 1.0X105 | 2.7X10-6 |
a [Reserved]
b Parent nuclides and their progeny included in secular equilibrium are listed in the following:
Sr-90 | Y-90 |
Zr-93 | Nb-93m |
Zr-97 | Nb-97 |
Ru-106 | Rh-106 |
Cs-137 | Ba-137m |
Ce-134 | La-134 |
Ce-144 | Pr-144 |
Ba-140 | La-140 |
Bi-212 | Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
Pb-210 | Bi-210, Po-210 |
Pb-212 | Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
Rn-220 | Po-216 |
Rn-222 | Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 |
Ra-223 | Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207 |
Ra-224 | Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208(0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
Ra-226 | Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 |
Ra-228 | Ac-228 |
Th-226 | Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 |
Th-228 | Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
Th-229 | Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209 |
Th-nat | Ra-228, Ac-228, Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
Th-234 | Pa-234m |
U-230 | Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 |
U-232 | Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) |
U-235 | Th-231 |
U-238 | Th-234, Pa-234m |
U-nat | Th-234, Pa-234m, U-234, Th-230, Ra-226, Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 |
U-240 | Np-240m |
Np-237 | Pa-233 |
Am-242m | Am-242 |
Am-243 | Np-239 |
c [Reserved]
d These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UF6, UO2F2 and UO2(NO3)2 in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
e These values apply only to compounds of uranium that take the chemical form of UO3, UF4, UCl4 and hexavalent compounds in both normal and accident conditions of transport.
f These values apply to all compounds of uranium other than those specified in notes (d) and (e) of this table.
g These values apply to unirradiated uranium only.
TABLE A-3-GENERAL VALUES FOR A1 AND A2
Contents | A1 | A2 | Activity concentration for exempt material (Bq/g) | Activity concentration for exempt material (Ci/g) | Activity limits for exempt consignments (Bq) | Activity limits for exempt consignments (Ci) | ||
(TBq) | (Ci) | (TBq) | (Ci) | |||||
Only beta or gamma emitting radionuclides are known to be present | 1 x 10-1 | 2.7 x 100 | 2 x 10 -2 | 5.4 x 10-1 | 1 x 101 | 2.7 x10-10 | 1 x 104 | 2.7 x10-7 |
Only alpha emitting radionuclides are known to be present | 2 x 10-1 | 5.4 x 100 | 9 x 10-5 | 2.4 x 10-3 | 1 x 10-1 | 2.7 x10-12 | 1 x 103 | 2.7 x10-8 |
No relevant data are available | 1 x 10-3 | 2.7 x 10-2 | 9 x 10-5 | 2.4 x 10-3 | 1 x 10-1 | 2.7 x 10-12 | 1 x 103 | 2.7 x 10-8 |
TABLE A-4-ACTIVITY-MASS RELATIONSHIPS FOR URANIUM
Specific Activity | ||
TBq/g | Ci/g | |
0.45 | 1.8 x 10-8 | 5.0 x 10-7 |
0.72 | 2.6 x 10-8 | 7.1 x 10-7 |
1 | 2.8 x 10-8 | 7.6 x 10-7 |
1.5 | 3.7 x 10-8 | 1.0 x 10-6 |
5 | 1.0 x 10-7 | 2.7 x 10-6 |
10 | 1.8 x 10-7 | 4.8 x 10-6 |
20 | 3.7 x 10-7 | 1.0 x 10-5 |
35 | 7.4 x 10-7 | 2.0 x 10-5 |
50 | 9.3 x 10-7 | 2.5 x 10-5 |
90 | 2.2 x 10-6 | 5.8 x 10-5 |
93 | 2.6 x 10-6 | 7.0 x 10-5 |
95 | 3.4 x 10-6 | 9.1 x 10-5 |
FOOTNOTES TO SECTION 4
1/ While the term "licensee" is used in these criteria, the requirements are applicable to whatever design, fabrication, assembly, and testing of the package is accomplished with respect to a package before the time a package approval is issued.
This Section contains the requirements applicable to and governing the proceeding of any administrative hearing pertinent to these Regulations.
Applications for the issuance of a license, amendment of a license at the request of the holder, and renewal of a license will be given a docket or other identifying number for administrative examination. The applicant may be required to submit additional information and may be requested to confer informally regarding the application. The Department will give to others such notice of the filing of applications as is required under the applicable provisions of these Regulations and such additional notices as it deems appropriate.
In the case of an application for renewal, if the licensee has made application for the renewal of a subsisting license at least thirty (30) days prior to its expiration date, the license shall not be deemed to have expired until such application shall have been determined.
In any case described in RH-4008. of this Regulation, the Department may issue to the licensee a notice to comply with the applicable provisions of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Arkansas State Board of Health or any order issued by the Department. The order shall apprise the licensee that he/she has the right to request a hearing within thirty (30) days by making a written request therefore to the Director. In the event a request for a hearing is received by the Director within the time specified, a notice of hearing shall be issued by the Department in accordance with RH-4028. of these Regulations.
Whenever the Department finds that an emergency exists requiring immediate action to protect the public health and safety, the Department may, without notice or hearing, issue a regulation or order reciting the existence of such emergency and requiring that such action be taken as is necessary to meet the emergency. Notwithstanding any provision of the Act (Act 8 of Second Extraordinary Session of 1961), such regulation or order shall be effective immediately. Any person to whom such regulation or order is directed shall comply therewith immediately, but on application to the Department shall be afforded a hearing within ten (10) days. On the basis of such hearing, the emergency regulation or order shall be continued, modified or revoked within thirty (30) days after such hearing. Any final order entered in any proceeding under this paragraph may be appealed within twenty (20) days from the date of issuance thereof, to the Circuit Court of Pulaski County.
In case of the failure on the part of any person, firm or corporation to comply with any lawful order of the Director or with process or in case of the refusal of any witness to testify concerning any matter on which he/she may be lawfully interrogated, the Circuit Court or a Judge thereof having jurisdiction may, on application of the Director, compel obedience by proceeding as in contempt cases.
The Department shall have the authority in the event of an emergency to impound or order the impounding of sources of ionizing radiation in the possession of any person who is not equipped to observe or fails to observe the provisions of the Act or any rules or regulations issued thereunder. As promptly as possible and not later than ten (10) days from the impounding, the Department shall serve upon the licensee or registrant an appropriate order for revocation of his/her license or registration together with a notice which shall give the licensee or registrant the right to request a formal hearing concerning the revocation of his/her license or registration and the restoration of the material of which he/she has been deprived.
Unless otherwise specified, papers required to be filed with the Department shall be filed with the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867. Papers required to be filed with the Department shall be deemed filed upon actual receipt with the Department at the place specified, accompanied by proof of service upon the parties required to be served as provided in RH-4016. of these Regulations. Unless otherwise specified, the filing, when by mail or telegram, shall, upon actual receipt, be deemed complete as of the date of deposit in the mail or with the telegraph company. Papers may be filed in person at the Department's offices at Little Rock, Arkansas.
The time within which any Act under these Regulations is to be accomplished shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last, unless the last day is Sunday or is a holiday as defined or fixed by statutes now or hereafter in force in this State, and then it shall also be excluded. If the day succeeding such Sunday or holiday is also a holiday or a Sunday, then such succeeding day shall also be excluded.
Extensions of time for filing or performing any Act required or allowed to be accomplished, and continuances of any proceeding or hearing, may be granted at the discretion of the Department upon application and good cause shown by any party, or upon the initiative of the Department or stipulation of all parties. Where a Hearing Officer has been designated for hearing, the discretion in granting extensions of time and continuances in matters relating to the hearing shall rest with the Hearing Officer.
Subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses from any place in the State of Arkansas or the production of books, papers, accounts or documents at a hearing in a pending proceeding will be issued by the Department upon its own motion or upon application in writing incorporating a showing that such subpoena is reasonably required.
A person permitted to intervene becomes a party to the proceeding.
Upon motion and good cause shown or upon its own initiative, the Department or Hearing Officer may consolidate two or more proceedings.
Any oath or affirmation required by or pursuant to the provisions of these Regulations may be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths by the laws of the State of Arkansas.
The procedure to be followed in informal hearings shall be such as will best serve the purpose of the hearing. For example, an informal hearing may consist of the submission of written data, views or arguments with or without oral argument, or may partake of the nature of a conference or may assume some of the aspects of a formal hearing in which the subpoena of witnesses and the production of evidence may be permitted or directed. A formal transcript is not necessarily required.
The parties to a formal hearing shall be the Department, the licensee, registrant or applicant as the case may be and any person permitted to intervene pursuant to RH-4018. of these Regulations.
With the consent of the Hearing Officer, limited appearances may be entered by persons who are not parties to a hearing without request for or grant of permission to intervene. With the consent of the Hearing Officer and on due notice to the parties, such persons may make oral or written statements of their position on the issues involved in the proceeding but may not otherwise participate in the hearing.
The hearings herein provided for may be conducted by the Director or the Director may designate Hearing Officers who shall have the power and authority to conduct hearings in the name of the Department at any reasonable time and place.
The function of the Hearing Officer is to schedule and conduct hearings on behalf and in the name of the Department on all matters referred for hearing by the Director. It is the duty of the Hearing Officer to cause to be prepared and furnished to the Director for decision, a complete written transcript of the record of the hearing which contains all evidence introduced at the hearing and all pleas, motions, objections and ruling of the Hearing Officer.
In appropriate cases the Department may file and serve a reply to the answer or, if the answer affects other parties to the proceeding, the Director or the Hearing Officer may permit such parties to file and serve a reply.
Failure of a party to file and serve an answer within the time provided in the notice of hearing or as prescribed herein or to appear at a hearing shall be deemed to authorize the Department, at its discretion, as to such party:
After answer has been filed, any party may file and serve upon the opposing side a written request for the admission of the genuineness and authenticity of any relevant documents described in or attached to the request or for the admission of the truth of any relevant matters of fact stated in the request. Each matter for which an admission is requested shall be deemed admitted unless within the time designated in the request, but not less than ten (10) days after service thereof or such further time as the Hearing Officer may allow upon motion and notice, the party to whom the request is directed serves upon motion and notice, the party to whom the request is directed serves upon the requesting party a sworn statement either denying the matters upon which the admission is requested or setting up the reasons why he/she cannot truthfully admit or deny such matters.
All formal hearings shall be public except in cases involving restricted data.
Briefs may be filed within ten (10) days after the close of the hearing provided, however, that the Director may, upon written application, grant an additional period of time not in excess of sixty (60) days within which briefs may be filed.
The Director shall, after reviewing the entire record of the hearing, make his/her findings and enter his/her order. The findings and order shall be in writing and shall contain a statement of findings and conclusions upon all material issues of fact and law and shall be signed by the Director. The original thereof shall be filed as a part of the record of the case which shall be retained in the custody of the Director unless an appeal is taken therefrom, and one certified copy of the findings and order shall be served on all parties to the proceeding.
Any person who is aggrieved by any ruling, decision, or action of the Director may appeal to the State Board of Health within thirty (30) days after service of said ruling, decision, or action by filing with the President of the State Board of Health a written complaint setting out the ruling, decision, or action complained of, the reason that such person is aggrieved and the relief sought by such person. A copy of such complaint shall also be served by the appealing party upon any other party in interest. No new evidence shall be introduced, and the appeal shall be tried upon the record prepared by the Director or Hearing Officer. Additional briefs and oral arguments may be granted by the State Board of Health. The State Board of Health may affirm the Findings and Order of the Director or may reverse, modify, or remand the case for further proceedings. Copies of the State Board of Health Order shall be served upon the parties in interest as provided in RH-4037. of this Regulation.
The parties to any hearing may agree to waive any one or more of the procedural steps which would otherwise precede the reaching of a final decision by the Department.
Except as provided below, all records shall be deemed public records and shall be open to inspection by the public. The following are not to be considered public records which are available for public inspection:
These Regulations establish procedures for the licensing and the use of particle accelerators.
In accordance with Act 504 of 1987 - Codified as ACA 20-21 - Subchapter 2, annual fees for licensing shall be paid. Nonpayment of fees shall result in escalated enforcement action and/or revocation of license.
All communications concerning this Regulation shall be addressed to the Arkansas Department of Health, Radiation Control Section, 4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
Research and Development, as used in this Regulation, does not include the external administration of radiation to human beings.
Radiation Control,
Arkansas Department of Health,
4815 West Markham Street, Mail Slot # 30,
Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-3867.
The application shall set forth all applicable information called for by the form.
In addition to the requirements set forth in Part C, RH-5202., a license for use of a particle accelerator in medical institutions will be issued only if:
In addition to the requirements of Part C, RH-5202, a license for the use of a particle accelerator in research and development will be issued only if:
In addition to the requirements of Part C, RH-5202, a license for the use of a particle accelerator to produce multiple quantities or types of radioactive material will be issued only if:
In addition to the requirements of Part C, RH-5202., a license for the use of a particle accelerator in industrial radiography will be issued only if:
RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
Adjustable or interchangeable beam limiting devices shall be provided and such devices shall transmit no more than two (2%) percent of the useful beam for the portion of the useful beam which is to be attenuated by the beam limiting device. The neutron component of the useful beam shall not be included in this requirement. Measurements shall be averaged over an area up to but not exceeding 100 square centimeters at the normal treatment distance.
The licensee shall determine or obtain from the manufacturer data sufficient to assure that the following beam quality requirements are met:
TABLE I TO RH-5502.
Maximum Energy of Electron Beam in MeV | X-ray Absorbed Dose as a Fraction of Maximum Absorbed Dose |
1 | 0.03 |
15 | 0.05 |
35 | 0.10 |
50 | 0.20 |
TABLE II TO RH-5502.
Maximum Photon Energy in MeV | Absorbed Dose at the Surface as a Fraction of the Maximum Absorbed Dose |
1 | 0.80 |
2 | 0.70 |
5 | 0.60 |
15 | 0.50 |
35 | 0.40 |
50 | 0.20 |
All therapy systems shall be provided with radiation detectors in the radiation head.
It shall be possible to interrupt irradiation and equipment movements at any time from the operator's position at the treatment control panel. Following an interruption, it shall be possible to restart irradiation by operator action without any reselection of operating conditions. If any change is made of a pre-selected value during an interruption the equipment shall go to termination condition.
It shall be possible to terminate irradiation and equipment movements or go from an interruption condition to termination condition, at any time from the operator's position at the treatment control panel.
Equipment capable of both x-ray therapy and electron therapy shall meet the following requirements:
Equipment capable of generating radiation beams of different energies shall meet the following requirements:
Equipment capable of both stationary beam therapy and moving beam therapy shall meet the following requirements:
For new equipment, a system shall be provided from whose readings the absorbed dose rate at a reference point in the treatment volume can be calculated. In addition:
The licensee shall determine, or obtain from the manufacturer, the location with reference to an accessible point on the radiation head of:
Capabilities shall be provided so that all radiation safety interlocks can be checked. When pre-selection of any of the operating conditions requires action in the treatment room and/or at the treatment control panel, selection at one location shall not give a display at the other location until the requisite selected operations in both locations have been completed.
In addition to Section 3, the following design requirements shall apply:
Spot checks shall be performed on systems subject to Part F during full calibrations and thereafter at intervals not to exceed one (1) month.
NOTE: Spot checks shall include absorbed dose measurements at a minimum of two (2) depths in a phantom at intervals not to exceed one (1) month. Such spot checks shall meet the following requirements:
Each licensee or applicant subject to RH-5500 shall develop, implement, and maintain a quality management program to provide high confidence that radiation will be administered as directed by the authorized user.
If because of the patient's condition, a delay in the order to provide a written revision to an existing written directive would jeopardize the patient's health, an oral revision to an existing written directive will be acceptable, provided that the oral revision is documented as soon as possible in writing in the patient's record and a revised written directive is signed by an authorized user within 48 hours of the oral revision.
A licensee shall retain a record of misadministrations reported in accordance with RH-5512. for three (3) years. The record must contain the following:
EXEMPTIONS, ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS, INSPECTIONS, AND TESTS
The Department may, upon application therefore, or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions or exceptions from the requirements of this Regulation as it determines are authorized by law and will not result in undue hazard to public health and safety or property.
The Department may, by rule, regulation or order, impose upon any licensee such requirements in addition to those established in these Regulations as it deems appropriate or necessary to minimize danger to public health and safety or property.
Department or shall permit the Department to perform, such reasonable tests as the Department deems appropriate or necessary including, but not limited to, tests of:
Act 8 of the Second Extraordinary Session of 1961 as amended (ACA 1987 Title 20 Chapter 21).
The provisions and requirements of this Section shall take effect on June 1, 1992 and shall apply to all facilities or sites owned or controlled by a person on that date. Products distributed and disposals made prior to that date are not subject to the provisions of this Section.
This Section establishes radiation protection standards for the possession, use, transfer, and disposal of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) not subject to regulation by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
These Regulations apply to any person who engages in the extraction, mining, beneficiating, processing, use, transfer, or disposal of NORM in such a manner as to alter the chemical properties or physical state of the NORM or its potential exposure pathway to humans.
The Regulations in this Section address the introduction of NORM into products in which neither the NORM nor the radiation emitted from the NORM is considered to be beneficial to the products. The manufacture and distribution of products containing NORM in which the NORM and/or its associated radiation(s) is considered to be a beneficial attribute are licensed under the provisions of Section 2. This Section also addresses waste management and disposal standards.
The materials contain or are contaminated at concentrations less than 5 picocuries per gram of Radium-226 and/or Radium-228, 0.05% by weight of Uranium or Thorium, or 150 picocuries per gram of any other NORM radionuclide, provided that these concentrations are not exceeded at any time.
A general license is hereby issued to mine, extract, receive, possess, own, use, process, and dispose of NORM not exempted in RH-6005. without regard to quantity. This general license does not authorize the manufacturing or distribution of products containing NORM in concentrations greater than those specified in RH-6005.a nor the disposal of wastes from other entities. Persons subject to the general license shall notify the Department by filing the Notification of a NORM Facility Form with the Department. The Notification of NORM Facility Form is available from the Department.
NOTE: The Department recommends a general licensee under RH-6010.a.1. conduct or arrange to have conducted a confirmatory survey to determine the extent and magnitude of the NORM contamination at the general licensee's facility.
The transfer of NORM not exempt from these Regulations from one general licensee to another general licensee may be authorized by the Department if:
If the designated facility or receiving licensee is located outside the State of Arkansas, the generating or originating licensee must report the irregularities to the Department.
"I hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described above by proper shipping name and are classified, packed, marked and labeled, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport according to applicable international and national government regulations."
This section describes the requirements for confirmatory site release surveys, and the training required before an individual may use survey instruments to release a NORM site or previously NORM contaminated equipment.
A Worker Protection Plan must be submitted to the Department which includes, but may not be limited to, the following items:
The use of a respirator appropriate for radioactive particulates shall be worn or engineering controls should be utilized to prevent the potential airborne contaminates.
An applicant for a license under RH-6022.c. shall demonstrate that the product is designed and will be manufactured so that:
Part of Body | Column I* Dose in Rem | Column II* Dose in Rem |
Whole body; head and trunk; active blood-forming organs; gonads; or lens of eye | 0.005 | 0.5 |
Hands and forearms; feet and ankles; localized area of skin averaged over areas no larger than 1 square centimeter | 0.075 | 7.5 |
Other organs | 0.015 | 1.5 |
* Dose limit is the dose above background from the product
Each licensee shall notify the Department, in writing, at least five (5) days prior to commencing decontamination or remediation activities at a customer's site. If, for a specific case, the five (5) day period would pose an undue hardship on the licensee, the licensee may, upon application to the Department, obtain permission to proceed sooner. The notification shall specify the following:
Each licensee shall notify the Department, in writing, within thirty (30) days following completion of NORM decontamination or remediation work. The notification shall specify the following:
Each person licensed under RH-6022.c. shall:
Applications for amendment of a license shall be filed in accordance with RH-6021. and shall specify the respects in which the licensee desires the license to be amended and the grounds for such amendment.
In considering an application by a licensee to renew or amend the license, the Department will apply the criteria set for in RH-6022.
Each specific licensee shall, no less than thirty (30) days before vacating or relinquishing possession or control of premises which may have been contaminated with Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material as a result of the activities, notify the Department in writing of intent to vacate. When deemed necessary by the Department, the licensee shall decontaminate the premises in such a manner as the Department may specify.
Each specific licensee shall be subject to the financial assurance and recordkeeping for decommissioning under RH-409.h. of these Regulat1ons.
Subject to these Regulations, any person who holds a specific license from a Licensing State, and issued by the agency having jurisdiction where the licensee maintains an office for directing the licensed activity and at which radiation safety records are normally maintained, is hereby granted a general license to conduct the activities authorized in such licensing document within this State for a period not in excess of 180 days in any calendar year provided that:
APPENDIX A TO SECTION 7 ACCEPTABLE SURFACE CONTAMINATIONa LEVELS FOR NORM
Averageb,c,f | Maximumb,d,f | Removableb,c,e,f | |
Alpha | 5,000 dpm/100 cm2 | 15,000 dpm/100 cm2 | 1,000 dpm/100 cm2 |
Beta-gamma | 5,000 dpm /100 cm2 | 15, 000 dpm/100 cm2 | 1,000 dpm /100 cm2 |
a Where surface contamination by both alpha and beta-gamma emitting nuclides exists, the limits established for alpha and beta-gamma emitting nuclides should apply independently.
b As used in this table, dpm (disintegrations per minute) means the rate of emission by radioactive material as determined by correcting the counts per minute observed by an appropriate detector for background, efficiency, and geometric factors associated with the instrumentation.
c Measurements of average contamination level should not be averaged over more than one square meter. For objects of less surface area, the average should be derived for each object.
d The maximum contamination level applies to an area of not more than 100 cm2.
e The amount of removable radioactive material per 100 cm2 of surface area should be determined by wiping that area with dry filter or soft absorbent paper, applying moderate pressure, and assessing the amount of radioactive material on the wipe with an appropriate instrument of known efficiency. When removable contamination on objects of surface area A (where A is less than 100 sq. cm) is determined, the entire surface should be wiped and the contamination level multiplied by 100/A to convert to a "per 100 sq. cm" basis.
f The average and maximum radiation levels associated with surface contamination resulting from beta-gamma emitters should not exceed 0.2 mrad/hr (2 µGy/hr) at one (1) cm and 1.0 mR/hr (10 µGy/hr) at 1 cm, respectively, measured through not more than seven (7) milligrams per square centimeter of total absorber.
Underwater irradiators do not have radiation rooms.
Except as specifically authorized by the Department in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the Regulations in this Section by any officer or employee of the Department, other than a written interpretation by the Department, will be recognized to be binding upon the Department.
A person, as defined in RH-1100.bx. of these Regulations, shall file an application for a specific license authorizing the use of radioactive material or radiation producing machines in well logging in accordance with RH-403. and RH-404.
The Department will approve an application for a specific license for the use of licensed material in an irradiator if the applicant meets the requirements contained in this section.
The applicant may not begin construction of a new irradiator prior to the submission to the Department of both an application for a license for the irradiator and the fee required. As used in this section, the term "construction" includes the construction of any portion of the permanent irradiator structure on the site but does not include: engineering and design work, purchase of a site, site surveys or soil testing, site preparations, site excavation, construction of warehouse or auxiliary structures, and other similar tasks. Any activities undertaken prior to the issuance of a license are entirely at the risk of the applicant and having no bearing on the issuance of a license with respect to the requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and rules, regulations, and orders issued under the Act.
In either case, the licensee shall have a method to safely store the sources during repairs of the pool.
If the product to be irradiated moves on a product conveyor system, the source rack and the mechanism that moves the rack must be protected by a barrier or guides to prevent products and product carriers from hitting or touching the rack or mechanism.
Irradiators whose construction begins after July 1, 1993, must meet the design requirements of this section.
If the irradiator will use more than 2 x 1017 becquerels (5 million curies) of activity, the licensee shall evaluate the effects of heating of the shielding walls by the irradiator sources.
These requirements must be met for irradiators whose construction begins after July 1, 1993. The requirements must be met prior to loading sources.
RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE OPERATION OF IRRADIATORS
If the licensee uses a radiation monitor on a pool water circulating system, the detection of above normal radiation levels must activate an alarm. The alarm set-point must be set as low as practical, but high enough to avoid false alarms. The licensee may reset the alarm set point to a higher level if necessary to operate the pool water purification system to clean up contamination in the pool if specifically provided for in written emergency procedures.
The licensee shall maintain the following records at the irradiator for the periods specified.
This Section establishes additional requirements and provisions for the specific use of radionuclides in the healing arts. These requirements and provisions provide for the protection of the public healthy and safety. The requirements and provisions of this Section are in addition to, and not in substitution for, others in these Regulations. The requirements and provisions of these Regulations apply to applicants and licensees subject to this Section unless specifically exempted.
Each record required by Section 9 must be legible throughout the retention period specified by each Department regulation. The record may be the original, a reproduced copy, or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and the microform is capable of producing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability of reproducing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. Records such as letters, drawings, and specifications must include all pertinent information such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.
Nothing in this Section relieves the licensee from complying with applicable U.S. Food and Drug Administration, other Federal, and State requirements governing radioactive drugs or devices.
A licensee may conduct research involving human subjects using radioactive material provided:
A licensee shall apply for and must receive a license amendment:
A licensee possessing a Type A specific license of broad scope for medical use is exempt from:
The Department may, upon application of any interested person or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions from the regulations in Section 9 as it determines are authorized by law and will not endanger life or property or the common defense and security and are otherwise in the public interest.
A facility operating a cyclotron or accelerator for the purpose of producing PET radionuclides.
If, because of the emergent nature of the patient's condition, a delay in order to provide a written directive would jeopardize the patient's health, an oral directive will be acceptable, provided that the information contained in the oral directive is documented as soon as possible in writing in the patient's record and a written directive is prepared within 48 hours of the oral directive.
If, because of the patient's condition, a delay in order to provide a written revision to an existing written directive would jeopardize the patient's health, an oral revision to an existing written directive will be acceptable, provided that the oral revision is documented as soon as possible in the patient's record and a revised written directive is signed by the authorized user within 48 hours of the oral revision.
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an individual fulfilling the responsibilities of the Radiation Safety Officer as provided in RH-8300. to be an individual who:
(The names of board certifications which have been recognized by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State will be posted on the NRC's Web page.) To have its certification process recognized, a specialty board shall require all candidates for certification to:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require the authorized medical physicist to be an individual who:
This training and work experience must be conducted in clinical radiation facilities that provide high-energy, external beam therapy (photons and electrons with energies greater than or equal to one (1) million electron volts) and brachytherapy services and must include:
Except as provided in RH-8318, the licensee shall require the authorized nuclear pharmacist to be a pharmacist who:
A nuclear pharmacist, who prepared only radioactive drugs containing accelerator-produced radioactive materials, or a medical physicist, who used only accelerator-produced radioactive materials, at the locations and time period identified in this paragraph, qualifies as an authorized nuclear pharmacist or an authorized medical physicist, respectively, for those materials and uses performed before these dates, for purposes of Section 9, "Use of Radionuclides in the Healing Arts."
The training and experience specified in Section 9's Part C (General Administrative Requirements), Part E (Unsealed Radioactive Material - Written Directive Not Required), Part F (Unsealed Radioactive Material - Written Directive Required), Part G (Manual Brachytherapy), Part H (Sealed Sources for Diagnosis), and Part I (Photon Emitting Remote Afterloader Units, Teletherapy Units, and Gamma Stereotactic Radiosurgery Units) must have been obtained within the seven (7) years preceding the date of application or the individual must have had related continuing education and experience since the required training and experience was completed.
Each licensee shall establish written quality control procedures for all diagnostic equipment used for radionuclide studies. As a minimum, quality control procedures and frequencies shall be those recommended by equipment manufacturers or procedures, which have been approved by the Department. The licensee shall conduct quality control procedures in accordance with written procedures.
Any person authorized by RH-8005. for medical use of radioactive material may receive, possess, and use the following radioactive material for check, calibration and reference use:
Each syringe and vial that contains a radioactive drug shall be labeled to identify the radioactive drug. Each syringe shield and vial shield shall also be labeled unless the label on the syringe or vial is visible when shielded.
A licensee shall require each individual preparing or handling a vial that contains a radioactive drug to keep the vial in a vial radiation shield.
Standard for Radiological Protection for Release of Patient Administered I-131 Sodium Iodide have been met.
NOTE:The current revision of NUREG-1556, Vol.9, "Consolidated Guidance
About Medical Licenses," describes methods for calculating doses to other individuals and contains tables of activities not likely to cause doses exceeding 5 mSv (0.5 rem).
UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL -
WRITTEN DIRECTIVE NOT REQUIRED
Except for quantities that require a written directive under RH-8307., a licensee may use any unsealed radioactive material prepared for medical use for uptake, dilution, or excretion studies that is:
A licensee authorized to use radioactive material for uptake, dilution, and excretion studies shall possess a portable radiation detection survey instrument capable of detecting dose rates over the range of one (1) microsievert (0.1 mrem) per hour to 500 microsieverts (50 mrems) per hour. The instrument shall be operable and calibrated in accordance with RH-8402.
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user of unsealed radioactive material for the uses authorized under RH-8500. to be a physician who:
Except for quantities that require a written directive under RH-8307., a licensee may use any unsealed radioactive material prepared for medical use for imaging and localization studies that is:
A licensee authorized to use radioactive material for imaging and localization studies shall possess a portable radiation detection survey instrument capable of detecting dose rates over the range of one (1) microsievert (0.1 mrem) per hour to 500 microsieverts (50 mrems) per hour, and a portable radiation measurement survey instrument capable of measuring dose rates over the range of ten (10) microsieverts (1 mrem) per hour to ten (10) millisieverts (1000 mrems) per hour. The instruments shall be operable and calibrated in accordance with RH-8402.
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user of unsealed radioactive material for the uses authorized under RH-8530. to be a physician who:
UNSEALED RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL -
WRITTEN DIRECTIVE REQUIRED
A licensee may use any unsealed radioactive material prepared for medical use and for which a written directive is required that is:
In addition to the requirements of RH-2803. of these regulations:
A licensee authorized to use radioactive material for which a written directive is required shall possess a portable radiation detection survey instrument capable of detecting dose rates over the range of one (1) microsievert (0.1 mrem) per hour to 500 microsieverts (50 mrems) per hour, and a portable radiation measurement survey instrument capable of measuring dose rates over the range of ten (10) microsieverts (1 mrem) per hour to ten (10) millisieverts (1000 mrems) per hour. The instruments shall be operable and calibrated in accordance with RH-8402.
Except as provided by RH-8318, the licensee shall require an authorized user of radioactive material for the uses authorized under RH-8550. to be a physician who:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 in quantities less than or equal to 1.22 gigabecquerels (33 millicuries), for which a written directive is required, to be a physician who:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user for the oral administration of sodium iodide I-131 requiring a written directive in quantities greater than 1.22 Gigabecquerels (33 millicuries) to be a physician who:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user for the parenteral administration requiring a written directive, to be a physician who:
Has successfully completed 80 hours of classroom and laboratory training, applicable to parenteral administrations, for which a written directive is required, of any beta emitter, or any photon-emitting radionuclide with a photon energy less than 150 keV, and/or parenteral administration of any other radionuclide for which a written directive is required. The training must include:
A licensee shall use only brachytherapy sources for therapeutic medical uses:
In addition to the requirements of RH-2803. of these regulations:
The licensee shall perform acceptance testing on the treatment planning system in accordance with published protocols accepted by nationally recognized bodies. At a minimum, the acceptance testing must include, as applicable, verification of:
A licensee authorized to use manual brachytherapy sources shall possess a portable radiation detection survey instrument capable of detecting dose rates over the range of one (1) microsievert (0.1 mrem) per hour to 500 microsieverts (50 mrems) per hour, and a portable radiation measurement survey instrument capable of measuring dose rates over the range of ten (10) microsieverts (1 mrem) per hour to ten (10) millisieverts (1000 mrems) per hour. The instruments shall be operable and calibrated in accordance with RH-8402.
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user of a manual brachytherapy source for the uses authorized under RH-8600. to be a physician who:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require the authorized user of strontium-90 for ophthalmic radiotherapy to be a physician who:
A licensee shall use only sealed sources for diagnostic medical uses:
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require the authorized user of a diagnostic sealed source for use in a device authorized under RH-8620. to be a physician, dentist, or podiatrist who:
PHOTON EMITTING REMOTE AFTERLOADER UNITS, TELETHERAPY UNITS,
AND GAMMA STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY UNITS
A licensee shall use sealed sources in photon emitting remote afterloader units, teletherapy units, or gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units for therapeutic medical uses:
Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State shall install, maintain, adjust, or repair a remote afterloader unit, teletherapy unit, or gamma stereotactic radiosurgery unit that involves work on the source(s) shielding, the source(s) driving unit, or other electronic or mechanical component that could expose the source(s), reduce the shielding around the source(s), or compromise the radiation safety of the unit or the source(s).
The licensee shall perform acceptance testing on the treatment planning system in accordance with published protocols accepted by nationally recognized bodies. At a minimum, the acceptance testing must include, as applicable, verification of:
A licensee authorized to use radioactive material in remote afterloader units, teletherapy units, and gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units shall possess a portable radiation detection survey instrument capable of detecting dose rates over the range of one (1) microsievert (0.1 mrem) per hour to 500 microsieverts (50 mrems) per hour, and a portable radiation measurement survey instrument capable of measuring dose rates over the range of ten (10) microsieverts (1 mrem) per hour to ten (10) millisieverts (1000 mrems) per hour. The instruments shall be operable and calibrated in accordance with RH-8402.
Except as provided in RH-8318., the licensee shall require an authorized user of a sealed source for a use authorized under RH-8630. to be a physician who:
OTHER MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
OR RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL
A licensee may use radioactive material or a radiation source approved for medical use that is not specifically addressed in Section 9 if:
A licensee shall retain a record of each radiation protection program change made in accordance with RH-8301.a. for five (5) years. The record must include a copy of the old and new procedures; the effective date of the change; and the signature of the licensee management that reviewed and approved the change.
A licensee shall retain a copy of each written directive as required by RH-8307. for three (3) years.
A licensee shall retain a record of misadministrations reported in accordance with RH-8800. for three (3) years. The record must contain the licensee's name; names of the individuals involved; the social security number or other identification number, if one has been assigned, of the individual who is the subject of the misadministration; a brief description of the event; why it occurred; the effect, if any, on the individual; the actions, if any, taken, or planned, to prevent recurrence; and, whether the licensee notified the individual (or the individual's responsible relative or guardian) and, if not, whether such failure to notify was based on guidance from the referring physician.
A licensee shall retain a record of a dose to an embryo/fetus or a nursing child reported in accordance with RH-8801 for three (3) years. The record must contain the licensee's name; names of all the individuals involved; social security number or other identification number if one has been assigned to the pregnant individual or nursing child who is the subject of the event; a brief description of the event; why it occurred; the effect, if any, on the embryo/fetus or nursing child; the actions, if any, taken, or planned, to prevent recurrence; and whether the licensee notified the pregnant individual or mother (or the mother's or child's responsible relative or guardian) and, if not, whether such failure to notify was based on guidance from the referring physician.
A licensee shall maintain a record of instrument checks and tests required by RH-8401. for three (3) years, excluding geometry test records where only the most current record must be maintained. The records must include the model and serial number of the instrument, the date of the calibration, the results of the calibration, and the name of the individual who performed the calibration.
A licensee shall maintain a record of survey instrument calibrations required by RH-8402. for three (3) years. The record must include the model and serial number of the instrument, the date of the calibration, the results of the calibration, and the name of the individual who performed the calibration.
A licensee shall maintain a record of dosage determinations required by RH-8403. for three (3) years. The record must contain the radioactive drug; the patient's or human research subject's name, or identification number if one has been assigned; prescribed dosage; the determined dosage, or a notation that the total activity is less than 1.1 megabecquerel (30 |J,Ci); the date and time of the dosage determination; and the name of the individual who determined the dosage.
A licensee shall retain a record of the quarterly physical inventory of sealed sources and brachytherapy sources required by RH-8405.e. for three (3) years. The inventory record must contain the model number of each source, and serial number if one has been assigned, the identity of each source radionuclide and its nominal activity, the location of each source, and the name of the individual who performed the inventory.
A licensee shall retain a record of each survey required by RH-8408. for three (3) years. The record must include the date of the survey, the results of the survey, the instrument used to make the survey, and the name of the individual who performed the survey.
A licensee shall maintain records of the disposal of licensed materials, as required by RH-8410., for three (3) years. The record must include the date of the disposal, the survey instrument used, the background radiation level, the radiation level measured at the surface of each waste container, and the name of the individual who performed the survey.
A licensee shall maintain a record of the radionuclide contaminant concentration tests required by RH-8531. for three (3) years. The record must include, for each measured elution of radionuclide used to prepare a radioactive drug, the ratio of the measures expressed as kilobecquerel of contaminant per megabecquerel of desired radionuclide (microcuries/millicuries), or microgram of contaminant per megabecquerel of desired radionuclide (microgram/millicuries), the time and date of the measurement, and the name of the individual who made the measurement.
A licensee shall maintain a record of safety instructions and training required by RH-8551., RH-8603., and RH-8633. for three (3) years. The record must include a list of the topics covered, the date of the instruction or training, the name(s) of the attendee(s), and the name(s) of the individual(s) who provided the instruction.
A licensee shall maintain a record of the surveys required by RH-8601. and RH-8631. for three (3) years. Each record must include the date and results of the survey, the survey instrument used, and the name of the individual who made the survey.
A licensee shall maintain a record of the calibrations on brachytherapy sources required by RH-8605. for three (3) years after the last use of the source. The record must include the date of the calibration; the manufacturer's name, model number, and serial number for the source and the instruments used to calibrate the source; the source output or activity; source positioning accuracy within applicators; and the signature of the authorized medical physicist.
A licensee shall maintain a record of the of the activity of a strontium-90 source required by RH-8605. for the life of the source. The record must include the date and initial activity of the source as determined under RH-8605., and for each decay calculation, the date, the source activity, and the signature of the authorized medical physicist.
A licensee shall retain a record of the installation, maintenance, adjustment, and repair of remote afterloader units, teletherapy units, and gamma stereotactic radiosurgery units as required by RH-8632. for three (3) years. For each installation, maintenance, adjustment, and repair, the record must include the date, description of the service, and name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the work.
To meet the requirements of this paragraph, the notification of the individual who is the subject of the misadministration may be made instead to that individual's responsible relative or guardian. If a verbal notification is made, the licensee shall inform the individual, or appropriate responsible relative or guardian, that a written description of the event can be obtained from the licensee upon request. The licensee shall provide such a written description if requested.
To meet the requirements of this paragraph, the notification may be made to the mother's or child's responsible relative or guardian instead of the mother, when appropriate. If a verbal notification is made, the licensee shall inform the mother, or the mother's or child's responsible relative or guardian, that a written description of the event can be obtained from the licensee upon request. The licensee shall provide such a written description if requested.
A licensee shall file a report with the Department within five (5) days if a leakage test required by RH-8405. reveals the presence of 185 Becquerel (0.005 |j,Ci) or more of removable contamination. The written report must include the model number and serial number, if assigned, of the leaking source; the radionuclide and its estimated activity; the results of the test; the date of the test; and the action taken.
SEVERABILITY
If any provision of these Rules and Regulations, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of these Rules and Regulations which can give effect without the invalid provisions or applications. To this end, the provisions hereto are declared to be severable.
REPEAL
All Regulations and parts of Regulations in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
007.14.12 Ark. Code R. 002