Ariz. Admin. Code § 18-2-C1302

Current through Register Vol. 30, No. 50, December 13, 2024

Section R18-2-C1302 - Limits on SO[2] Emissions from the Miami Smelter

A. Applicability.

1. This Section applies to the owner or operator of the Miami Smelter It establishes limits on SO₂ emissions from the Miami Smelter and monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements for those limits.

2. Effective date. Except as otherwise provided, the provisions of this Section shall take effect on the later of the effective date of the Administrator's action approving it as part of the state implementation plan or January 1, 2018.

B. Definitions. In addition to general definitions contained in R18-2-101, the following definitions apply to this rule.

1. "Capture system" means the collection of components used to capture gases and fumes released from one or more emission points, and to convey the captured gases and fumes to one or more control devices. A capture system may include, but is not limited to, the following components as applicable to a given capture system design: duct intake devices, hoods, enclosures, ductwork, dampers, manifolds, plenums, and fans.

2. "Electric furnace" means a furnace in which copper matte and slag are heated by electrical resistance without the mechanical introduction of air or oxygen.

3. "IsaSmelt^® furnace" means a furnace in which air, oxygen, and fuel are injected through a top-submerged lance into a molten slag bath to produce slag and copper matte.

4. "Miami Smelter" means the primary copper smelter located near Miami, Gila County, Arizona at latitude 33º24'50"N and longitude 110º51'25"W.

5. "Out of control period" means the time that begins with the completion of the fifth, consecutive, daily calibration drift check with a calibration drift in excess of two times the allowable limit, or the time corresponding to the completion of the daily calibration drift check preceding the daily calibration drift check that results in a calibration drift in excess of four times the allowable limit, and the time that ends with the completion of the calibration check following corrective action that results in the calibration drifts at both the zero (or low-level) and high-level measurement points being within the corresponding allowable calibration drift limit.

6. "Operating day" means any calendar day in which any of the following occurs:

a. Concentrate is smelted in th e Electric furnace or IsaSmelt^® furnace;

b. Copper or sulfur bearing materials are processed in the converters

c. Blister or scrap copper is processed in the anode furnaces or mold ; vessel;

d. Molten metal, including slag, matte or blister copper, is transferred between vessels;

e. Molten metal is cast into molds, anodes, or other intermediate or final products

f Power is provided to the electric furnace to make or maintain a molten bath; or

g The anode furnace is heated to make or maintain a molten bath.

C. Sulfu g. Dioxide Emission Limitations. Combined SO₂ emissions from the tail gas stack, vent fume stack, aisle scrubber stack, bypass stack, and smelter roofline fugitives shall not exceed 142.45 pounds per hour on a 30-day rolling average basis.

D. Operational Standards.

1. Process Equipment and control device operations. At all times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, the owner or operator shall, to the extent practicable, maintain and operate smelter processes and associated emission control devices in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizmg SO₂ emissions from the process gases associated with the IsaSmelt^® furnace electric furnace, and converters at least to the levels required by subsection (C). Determination of whether acceptable operating and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available to the Director and EPA Region IX, which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operating and maintenance procedures and records, and inspection of the relevant equipment.

2. Capture system and control device operations and maintenance plan. The owner or operator shall develop and implement an operations and maintenance plan for each capture system and control device used to ventilate or control process gas or emissions associated with the IsaSmelt^® furnace, electric furnace, and converters. The owner or operator shall submit the initial plan to the Department and EPA Region IX for review and approval by July 1, 2017.

a. The operations and maintenance plan must address the following requirements as applicable to each capture system and control device:

i. Monitoring devices. The plan shall provide for installation, operation, calibration, and maintenance of appropriate monitoring devices to measure and record operating limit or range values at all times the required system is operating. Dampers that are manually set and remain in the same position while the capture system is operating are exempt from these monitoring requirements.

ii. Operational limits and ranges. The owner or operator shall establish operating limits and ranges in the plan for each capture system and control device that are representative and reliable indicators of capture system performance and control device operation. If selected as an operational limit or range, capture system damper position settings shall be specified in the plan.

iii. Preventative maintenance. The owner or operator must perform preventative maintenance for each capture system and control device according to written procedures in the plan. The procedures must include a preventative maintenance schedule that is consistent with the manufacturer's or engineer's instructions and specified frequency for routine and long-term maintenance.

iv. Inspections. The owner or operator must perform inspections in accordance with written procedures in the plan for each capture system and control device, including position verification of any manual damper settings specified in the plan, that are consistent with the manufacturer's or engineer's instructions for each system and device

b. The owner or operator shall operate and maintain each capture system and each control device in accordance with the plan required by subsection (D)(2) and as approved by the Department and EPA Region IX, except as provided herein. Until receiving initial approval of the plan, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain each capture system and each control device in accordance with the plan as initially submitted pursuant to subsection (D)(2). The owner or operator shall submit plan revisions for review by the Department and EPA Region IX. At any time, the Department and/or EPA Region IX may require the owner or operator to revise the plan if determined to be inconsistent with subsection (D)(2a). Within 60 days of receiving written notification from the Department or EPA Region IX specifying such inconsistency)( the owner or operator shall submit a proposal to the Department and EPA Region IX that addresses the inconsistency. The owner or operator shall maintain a current copy of the plan onsite and available for review and inspection upon request.

E. Monitoring.

1. To determine compliance with subsection (C), the owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate contuous monitoring systems to monitor and record SO₂ concentrations and stack gas volumetric flow rates at the following locations.

a. The acid plant tail gas stack;

b. The vent fume stack;

c. The aisle scrubber stack; and

d. The bypass stack.

2. To determine compliance with the emission limit in subsection (C), the owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system to monitor and record fugitive SO₂ a concentrations at the Miami Smelter roofline.

3. Except during periods of continuous monitoring system breakdown, repairs, maintenance, out-of-control periods, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments, the owner or operator shall continuously monitor SO₂ concentrations and stack gas volumetric flow rates at each location specified in subsection (E)(1) and use the monitored concentrations and volumetric flow rates when demonstrating compliance with the SO₂ or emission limit in subsection (C) in accordance with subsection (F).

4. Except during periods of continuous monitoring system breakdown, repairs, maintenance, out-of-control periods, calibration checks and zero and span adjustments, the owner or operator shall continuously monitor fugitive SO₂ emissions at the Miami Smelter roofline and use the monitored concentrations and volumetric flow rates when demonstrating compliance with the SO₂ emission limit in subsection (C) in accordance with subsection (F).

5. For purposes of subsections (E)(3) and (E)(4), continuous monitoring means the taking and recording of at least one measurement of SO₂ concentration and stack gas flow rate reading from the effluent of each affected stack, outlet, or other approved measurement location in each 15-minute period when the associated process units are operating. Fifteen-minute periods start at beginning of each clock hour, and run consecutively. All continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) shall complete at least one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period.

6. If the owner or operator can demonstrate to the Director and EPA Region IX that measurement of stack gas volumetric flow rate in the outlet of any particular piece of SO₂ control equipment would yield inaccurate results or would be technologically infeasible, then the Director and EPA Region IX may allow measurement of the flow rate at an alternative sampling point.

7. The owner or operator shall demonstrate that the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) meet all of the following requirements:

a. Each SO₂ continuous monitoring system shall meet the specifications under 40 CFR 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 6.

b. Each SO₂ continuous monitoring system installed and operated under this Section shall also meet the quality assurance requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.

c. The owner or operator shall notify the Director in writing at least 30 days in advance of the start of the relative accuracy test audit (RATA) procedures performed on each continuous monitoring system.

d. The Director shall approve the location of all sampling points for monitoring SO₂ concentrations and stack gas volumetric flow rates in writing before installation and operation of measurement instruments.

e. The span of each continuous monitoring system for the acid plant tail stack, vent fume stack, and aisle scrubber stack shall be set at a SO₂ concentration of zero to 0.20 percent by volume.

f. The span of the continuous monitoring system for the bypass stack shall be set at a SO₂ concentration of zero to 20 percent by volume.

g. The zero (or low-level value between 0 and 20 percent of the span value) and span (50 to 100 percent of span value) calibration drifts shall be checked at least once each operating day in accordance with a written procedure. The zero and span must, at a minimum, be adjusted whenever either the 24-hour zero drift or the 24-hour span drift exceeds two times the limit in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 2. The system must allow the amount of the excess zero and span drift to be recorded and quantified.

h. The owner or operator shall maintain on hand and ready for immediate installation sufficient spare parts or duplicate systems for the continuous monitoring system equipment required by this Section to allow for the replacement within six hours of any monitoring system equipment part that fails or malfunctions during operation.

8. The owner or operator shall develop and implement a roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan for the continuous monitoring system required by subsection (E)(2). The owner or operator shall submit the initial plan to the Department and EPA Region IX for review and approval by July 1, 2017.

a. The roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan must address the following requirements:

i. The continuous monitoring system required by subsection (E)(2) must include measurement of fugitive emissions from, at a minimum, the Converter, Electric Furnace, Anode Furnace, and IsaSmelt^® systems that is representative of total fugitive emissions.

ii. Each measurement system shall include at least one SO₂ analyzer and sufficient sampling locations that ensure collection of a representative sample along the roof monitor for each monitor system. The number of sample probes and their locations for each monitoring system shall account for the physical configuration of the vent, the locations of emitting activities relative to the vent, and heat generated by the equipment served by the vent.

iii. Each measurement system shall include validation of adequate velocity for flow measurements and sufficient flow and temperature sensors to ensure calculation of representative exhaust flows through each vent. The number of such sensors and their locations for each monitoring system shall account for the physical configuration of the vent, the locations of emitting activities relative to the vent, and heat generated by the equipment served by the vent.

iv. Each measurement system shall include an on-site data collection system that continuously logs and stores the measured SO₂ concentration, the measured flow velocity, and the measured temperature.

v. An appropriate range for zero-span drift shall be established for all SO₂ analyzers to ensure proper calibration and operation. Unless otherwise provided in the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(8), the zero (or low-level) value determination shall be made using a gas containing between zero to 20 percent of the span value for SO₂ and the span (or high-level) value determination shall be made using a certified gas with a value between 50 and 100 percent of the span value for SO₂. For each SO₂ analyzer, a daily zero-span check shall be performed by introducing zero gas and a known concentration of span gas to the analyzer. If the zero or span drift for an analyzer is greater than five percent of the span gas concentration for five consecutive days or greater than 10 percent of the span gas concentration for one day, the analyzer shall be found to be operating improperly and appropriate measures shall be taken to return the analyzer to proper operation. The zero-span check shall be repeated after any such corrective action is taken.

vi. All SO₂ analyzers shall be inspected quarterly by the owner or operator and inspected annually by an independent auditor. The inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the data accuracy assessment requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1,Section 5 or as otherwise provided in the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(8). The quarterly inspections consist of two certified concentrations of SO₂ to each sample probe system and comparing the known concentrations to the concentrations logged by the corresponding on-site data collection system to generate a relative error for each system.

vii. The flow and temperature data shall be checked daily for proper operation of flow and temperature sensors in accordance with the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(8). If a flow or temperature sensor is found to be operating improperly, appropriate measures shall be taken to return the sensor to proper operation.

viii. All temperature sensors shall be inspected annually. The inspection shall be conducted according to the manufacturer's specification. A temperature sensor tolerance range representative of proper sensor operation shall be established in the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(8). If a temperature sensor is found to measure outside of an established tolerance range, the sensor shall be found to be operating improperly and appropriate measures shall be taken to return the sensor to proper operation.

ix. All flow sensors shall be calibrated semi-annually with calibration tools according to the manufacturer's specifications. A calibration tool range representative of proper sensor operation shall be established in the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(8). If a flow sensor is found to measure outside of an established range, the sensor shall be found to be operating improperly and appropriate measures shall be taken to return the sensor to proper operation.

b. The owner or operator shall operate and maintain the continuous monitoring system required by subsection (E)(2) in accordance with the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required by subsection (E)(2) and as approved by the Department and EPA Region IX, except as provided herein. Until receiving initial approval of the plan, the owner or operator shall operate and maintain the continuous monitoring system required by subsection (E)(2) in accordance with the plan as initially submitted pursuant to subsection (E)(2). The owner or operator shall keep the plan current and consistent with subsection (E)(8)(a). The owner or operator shall maintain a current copy of the plan onsite and available for review and inspection upon request. The Department and/or EPA Region IX may require the owner or operator to revise the plan if determined to be inconsistent with subsection (E)(8)(a). Within 60 days of receiving written notification from the Department or EPA Region IX specifying such inconsistency, the owner or operator shall submit a proposal to the Department and EPA Region IX that addresses the inconsistency.

F. Compliance Demonstration Requirements.

1. Within 180 days of the effective date set forth in subsection (A)(2), the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the emission limit in subsection (C) by calculating SO₂ emissions for each operating day as follows:

a. Sum the hourly pounds of SO₂ measured by the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2) for the current operating day and the preceding 29 operating days to calculate the total pounds of SO₂ emissions over the 30-operating day averaging period.

b. Multiply the operating days occurring during a 30-day averaging period by 24 to calculate the total operating hours over the most recent 30-operating day period.

c. Divide the total amount of SO₂ emissions calculated from subsection (F)(1)(a) by the total operating hours calculated from subsection (F)(1)(b) to calculate the 30-day rolling hourly average SO₂ emissions.

2. For the continuous monitoring systems required by subsections (E)(1) and (E)(2), hourly emissions shall be computed as follows:

a. Except as provided under subsection (F)(2)(c), for a full operating hour (any clock hour with 60 minutes of unit operation), at least four valid data points are required to calculate the hourly average, i.e., one data point in each of the 15-minute quadrants of the hour.

b. Except as provided under subsection (F)(2)(c), for a partial operating hour (any clock hour with less than 60 minutes of unit operation), at least one valid data point in each 15-minute quadrant of the hour in which the unit operates is required to calculate the hourly average.

c. For any operating hour in which required maintenance or quality-assurance activities are performed:

i. If the unit operates in two or more quadrants of the hour, a minimum of two valid data points, separated by at least 15 minutes, is required to calculate the hourly average; or

ii. If the unit operates in only one quadrant of the hour, at least one valid data point is required to calculate the hourly average.

d. If a daily calibration error check is failed during any operating hour, all data for that hour shall be invalidated, unless a subsequent calibration error test is passed in the same hour and the requirements of subsection (F)(2)(c) are met, based solely on valid data recorded after the successful calibration.

e. For each full or partial operating hour, all valid data points shall be used to calculate the hourly average.

f. Data recorded during periods of continuous monitoring system breakdown, repair, maintenance, out of control periods, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments shall not be included in the data averages computed under subsection (F)(3).

g. Either arithmetic or integrated averaging of all data may be used to calculate the hourly average. The data may be recorded in reduced or non-reduced form.

3. When no valid hour or hours of data have been recorded by a continuous monitoring system required by subsections (E)(1) and (E)(2) and the associated process unit is operating, the owner or operator shall calculate substitute data for each such period according to the following procedures:

a. For a missing data period less than or equal to 24 hours, substitute the average of the hourly SO₂ concentrations recorded by the system for the hour before and the hour after the missing data period.

b. For a missing data period greater than 24 hours, substitute the greater of:

i. The 90th percentile hourly SO₂ concentrations recorded by the system during the previous 720 quality-assured monitor operating hours; or

ii. The average of the hourly SO₂ concentrations recorded by the system for the hour before and the hour after the missing data period.

4. The owner or operator shall include periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction, or other upset conditions when determining compliance with the emission limit in subsection (C).

G. Recordkeeping.

1. The owner or operator shall maintain records as specified in the capture system and control device operations and maintenance plan required under subsection (D)(2) and the roofline fugitive emissions monitoring plan required under subsection (E)(8).

2. The owner or operator shall maintain the following records for at least five years:

a. All measurements from the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2); including the date, place, and time of sampling or measurement, parameters sampled or measured, and results.

b. All records of all compliance calculations required by subsection (F).

c. All records of quality assurance and quality control activities conducted on the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2).

d. All records of continuous monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, maintenance, out of control periods, calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments for the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2).

e. All records of the occurrence and duration of any startup, shutdown, or malfunction in the operation of Smelter processes; any malfunction of the associated air pollution control equipment; or any periods during which a continuous monitoring system or monitoring device required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2) is inoperative.

f. All records of all major maintenance activities conducted on emission units, capture system, air pollution control equipment, and continuous monitoring systems; including those set forth in the operations and maintenance plan required by subsection (D)(2).

g. All records of reports and notifications required by subsection (H).

H. Reporting

1. Within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the owner or operator shall submit a data assessment report to the Director in accordance with 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1 for the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E).

2. The owner or operator shall submit an excess emissions and monitoring systems performance report and-or summary report form in accordance with 40 CFR § 60.7(c) to the Director semiannually for the continuous monitoring systems required by subsection (E)(1) and (E)(2). All reports shall be postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each six-month period.

3. The owner or operator shall provide the following to the Director:

a. Notification of commencement of construction of the project improvements and equipment authorized by Significant Permit Revision No. 53592 to comply with the operational or emission limits in this Section no later than 30 days after such date.

b. Semiannual progress reports on construction of any such improvements and equipment on January 1 and July 1 of each calendar year until construction is complete.

c. Notification of initial startup of any such improvements and equipment within 15 days after such date.

I. Preconstruction review. This Section is determined to be Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) for SO₂ emissions from the operations subject to subsection (C) for purposes of minor source NSR requirements addressed in R18-2-334.

Ariz. Admin. Code § R18-2-C1302

New Section made by final rulemaking at 23 A.A.R. 767, effective 4/7/2017.