Ala. Admin. Code r. 335-14-7-.16

Current through Register Vol. 43, No. 1, October 31, 2024

Section 335-14-7-.16 - Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals

(1)Applicability

(a) A healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator when counting all of its hazardous waste, including both its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and its nonpharmaceutical hazardous waste, remains subject to 335-14-3-.01(4) and is not subject to 335-14-7-.16, except for 335-14-7-.16(5) and 335-14-7-.16(7) and the optional provisions of 335-14-7-.16(4).

(b) A healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator when counting all of its hazardous waste, including both its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and its nonpharmaceutical hazardous waste, has the option of complying with 335-141-7-.16(1)(d) for the management of its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as an alternative to complying with 335-14-3-.01(4) and the optional provisions of 335-14-7-.16(4).

(c) A healthcare facility or reverse distributor remains subject to all applicable hazardous waste regulations with respect to the management of its non-pharmaceutical hazardous waste.

(d) With the exception of healthcare facilities identified in 335-14-7-.16(1)(a), a healthcare facility is subject to the following in lieu of 335-14-3 through 335-14-6:

1. Sections 335-14-7-.16(2) and 335-14-7-.16(5) through 335-14-7-.16(8) with respect to the management of:

(i) Non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, and

(ii) Potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals if they are not destined for a reverse distributor. 2. 335-14-7-.16(2)(a), 335-14-7-.16(3), 335-14-7-.16(5) through 335-14-7-.16(7) and 335-14-7-.16(9) with respect to the management of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are prescription pharmaceuticals and are destined for a reverse distributor.

(e) A reverse distributor is subject to 335-14-7-.16(5) through 335-14-7-.16(10) in lieu of 335-14-3 through 335-14-6 with respect to the management of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(f) Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals generated or managed by entities other than healthcare facilities and reverse distributors (e.g., pharmaceutical manufacturers and reverse logistics centers) are not subject to this subpart. Other generators are subject to 335-14-3 for the generation and accumulation of hazardous wastes, including hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(g) The following are not subject to 335-14-1 through 335-14-11, except as specified:

1. Pharmaceuticals that are not solid waste, as defined by 335-14-2-.01(2) because they are legitimately used/ reused (e.g., lawfully donated for their intended purpose) or reclaimed.

2. Over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, or homeopathic drugs that are not solid wastes, as defined by 335-14-2-.01(2), because they have a reasonable expectation of being legitimately used/reused (e.g., lawfully redistributed for their intended purpose) or reclaimed.

3. Pharmaceuticals being managed in accordance with a recall strategy that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in accordance with 21 CFR part 7 subpart C. This subpart does apply to the management of the recalled hazardous waste pharmaceuticals after the Food and Drug Administration approves the destruction of the recalled items.

4. Pharmaceuticals being managed in accordance with a recall corrective action plan that has been accepted by the Consumer Product Safety Commission in accordance with 16 CFR part 1115 . This subpart does apply to the management of the recalled hazardous waste pharmaceuticals after the Consumer Product Safety Commission approves the destruction of the recalled items.

5. Pharmaceuticals stored according to a preservation order, or during an investigation or judicial proceeding until after the preservation order, investigation, or judicial proceeding has concluded and/or a decision is made to discard the pharmaceuticals.

6. Investigational new drugs for which an investigational new drug application is in effect in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's regulations in 21 CFR part 312 . This subpart does apply to the management of the investigational new drug after the decision is made to discard the investigational new drug or the Food and Drug Administration approves the destruction of the investigational new drug, if the investigational new drug is a hazardous waste.

7. Household waste pharmaceuticals, including those that have been collected by an authorized collector (as defined by the Drug Enforcement Administration), provided the authorized collector complies with the conditional exemption in 335-14-7-.16(6)(a)2. and 335-14-7-.16(6)(b).

(2)Standards for healthcare facilities managing non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals

(a)Notification and withdrawal for healthcare facilities managing hazardous waste pharmaceuticals

1.Notification. A healthcare facility must notify the Department, using ADEM Form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity), that it is a healthcare facility operating under this subpart. A healthcare facility is not required to fill out Schedule A part II.B (Characteristics of Nonlisted Hazardous Waste) and II.C (Listed Hazardous Wastes) of the Notification of Regulated Waste Activity with respect to its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility must submit a separate notification (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity) for each site or EPA identification number.

(i) A healthcare facility that already has an EPA identification number must notify the Department that it is a healthcare facility as part of its next Notification of Regulated Waste Activity, if it is required to submit one; or if not required to submit a Notification of Regulated Waste Activity, within 60 days of the effective date of 335-14-7-.16, or within 60 days of becoming subject to 335-14-7-.16.

(ii) A healthcare facility that does not have an EPA identification number must obtain one by notifying the Department that it is a healthcare facility as part of its next Notification of Regulated Waste Activity, if it is required to submit one; or if not required to submit a Notification of Regulated Waste Activity, within 60 days of the effective date of 335-14-7-.16, or within 60 days of becoming subject to 335-14-7-.16.

(iii) A healthcare facility must keep a copy of its notification on file for as long as the healthcare facility is subject to 335-14-7-.16.

2.Withdrawal. A healthcare facility that operated under 335-14-7-.16 but is no longer subject to 335-14-7-.16, because it is a very small quantity generator under 335-14-3-.01(4), and elects to withdraw from 335-14-7-.16, must notify the Department using ADEM Form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity) that it is no longer operating under 335-14-7-.16. A healthcare facility is not required to fill out Schedule A part II.B (Characteristics of Nonlisted Hazardous Waste) and II.C (Listed Hazardous Wastes) of the Notification of Regulated Waste Activity with respect to its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility must submit a separate notification (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity) for each EPA identification number.

(i) A healthcare facility must submit the Notification of Regulated Waste Activity notifying that it no longer intends to operate subject to 335-14-7-.16 before it begins operating under the conditional exemption of 335-14-3-.01(4).

(ii) A healthcare facility must keep a copy of its withdrawal on file for three years from the date of signature on the notification of its withdrawal.

(b)Training of personnel managing non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities. A healthcare facility must ensure that all personnel that manage non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are thoroughly familiar with proper waste handling and emergency procedures relevant to their responsibilities during normal facility operations and emergencies.

(c)Hazardous waste determination for non-creditable pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility that generates a solid waste that is a non-creditable pharmaceutical must determine whether that pharmaceutical is a hazardous waste pharmaceutical (i.e., it exhibits a characteristic identified in 335-14-2-.03 or is listed in 335-14-2-.04) in order to determine whether the waste is subject to 335-14-7-.16. A healthcare facility may choose to manage its non-hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals under 335-14-7-.16.

(d)Standards for containers used to accumulate non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities.

1. A healthcare facility must place non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in a container that is structurally sound, compatible with its contents, and that lacks evidence of leakage, spillage, or damage that could cause leakage under reasonably foreseeable conditions.

2. A healthcare facility that manages ignitable or reactive non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, or that mixes or commingles incompatible non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals must manage the container so that it does not have the potential to:

(i) Generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or violent reaction;

(ii) Produce uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient quantities to threaten human health;

(iii) Produce uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions;

(iv) Damage the structural integrity of the container of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals; or

(v) Through other like means threaten human health or the environment.

3. A healthcare facility must keep containers of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals closed and secured in a manner that prevents unauthorized access to its contents.

4. A healthcare facility may accumulate non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and non-hazardous non-creditable waste pharmaceuticals in the same container, except that non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals prohibited from being combusted because of the dilution prohibition of 40 CFR 268.3(c) [incorporated by reference in 335-14-9-.01(3)] must be accumulated in separate containers and labeled with all applicable hazardous waste numbers (i.e., hazardous waste codes).

(e)Labeling containers used to accumulate non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities. A healthcare facility must label or clearly mark each container of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals with the phrase "Hazardous Waste Pharmaceuticals."

(f)Maximum accumulation time for non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities

1. A healthcare facility may accumulate non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site for one year or less without a permit or having interim status.

2. A healthcare facility that accumulates non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on-site must demonstrate the length of time that the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals have been accumulating, starting from the date it first becomes a waste. A healthcare facility may make this demonstration by any of the following methods:

(i) Marking or labeling the container of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals with the date that the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals became a waste;

(ii) Maintaining an inventory system that identifies the date the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals being accumulated first became a waste;

(iii) Placing the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in a specific area and identifying the earliest date that any of the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in the area became a waste.

(g)Land disposal restrictions for non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. The non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals generated by a healthcare facility are subject to 335-14-9. A healthcare facility that generates non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals must comply with 335-14-9-.01(7), except that it is not required to identify the hazardous waste numbers (i.e., hazardous waste codes) on the land disposal restrictions notification.

(h)Procedures for healthcare facilities for managing rejected shipments of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility that sends a shipment of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a designated facility with the understanding that the designated facility can accept and manage the waste, and later receives that shipment back as a rejected load in accordance with the manifest discrepancy provisions of 335-14-5-.05(3) or 335-14-6-.05(3) may accumulate the returned non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site for up to an additional 90 days provided the rejected or returned shipment is managed in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(2)(d) and (e). Upon receipt of the returned shipment, the healthcare facility must:

1. Sign either:

(i) Item 18c of the original manifest, if the original manifest was used for the returned shipment; or

(ii) Item 20 of the new manifest, if a new manifest was used for the returned shipment;

2. Provide the transporter a copy of the manifest;

3. Within 30 days of receipt of the rejected shipment, send a copy of the manifest to the designated facility that returned the shipment to the healthcare facility; and

4. Within 90 days of receipt of the rejected shipment, transport or offer for transport the returned shipment in accordance with the shipping standards of 335-14-7-.16(8) (a).

(i)Reporting by healthcare facilities for non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals

1.Biennial reporting by healthcare facilities. Healthcare facilities are not subject to biennial reporting requirements under 335-14-3-.04(2), with respect to non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals managed under this subpart.

2.Exception reporting by healthcare facilities for a missing copy of the manifest.

(i)For shipments from a healthcare facility to a designated facility:

(I) If a healthcare facility does not receive a copy of the manifest with the signature of the owner or operator of the designated facility within 60 days of the date the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals were accepted by the initial transporter, the healthcare facility must submit:

I. A legible copy of the original manifest, indicating that the healthcare facility has not received confirmation of delivery, to the Department; and

II. A handwritten or typed note on the manifest itself, or on an attached sheet of paper, stating that the return copy was not received and explaining the efforts taken to locate the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and the results of those efforts.

(II) [Reserved]

(ii)For shipments rejected by the designated facility and shipped to an alternate facility.

(I) If a healthcare facility does not receive a copy of the manifest for a rejected shipment of the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that is forwarded by the designated facility to an alternate facility (using appropriate manifest procedures), with the signature of the owner or operator of the alternate facility, within 60 days of the date the non-creditable hazardous waste was accepted by the initial transporter forwarding the shipment of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from the designated facility to the alternate facility, the healthcare facility must submit:

I. A legible copy of the original manifest, indicating that the healthcare facility has not received confirmation of delivery, to the Department; and

II. A handwritten or typed note on the manifest itself, or on an attached sheet of paper, stating that the return copy was not received and explaining the efforts taken to locate the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and the results of those efforts.

(II) [Reserved]

3.Additional reports. The Department may require healthcare facilities to furnish additional reports concerning the quantities and disposition of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(j)Recordkeeping by healthcare facilities for non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

1. A healthcare facility must keep a copy of each manifest signed in accordance with 335-14-3-.02(4)(a) for three years or until it receives a signed copy from the designated facility which received the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. This signed copy must be retained as a record for at least three years from the date the waste was accepted by the initial transporter.

2. A healthcare facility must keep a copy of each exception report for a period of at least three years from the date of the report.

3. A healthcare facility must keep records of any test results, waste analyses, or other determinations made to support its hazardous waste determination(s) consistent with 335-14-3-.01(2), for at least three years from the date the waste was last sent to on-site or off-site treatment, storage or disposal. A healthcare facility that manages all of its non-creditable non-hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals is not required to keep documentation of hazardous waste determinations.

4. The periods of retention referred to in this section are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the Department.

5. All records must be readily available upon request by an inspector.

(k)Response to spills of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities. A healthcare facility must immediately contain all spills of non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and manage the spill clean-up materials as non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in accordance with the applicable requirements of 335-14-7-.16.

(l)Accepting non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from an off-site healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator. A healthcare facility may accept non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from an off-site healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator under 335-14-3-.01(4), without a permit or without having interim status, provided the receiving healthcare facility:

1. Is under the control of the same person (as defined in 335-14-1-.02) as the very small quantity generator healthcare facility that is sending the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off-site ("control" means the power to direct the policies of the healthcare facility, whether by the ownership of stock, voting rights, or otherwise, except that contractors who operate healthcare facilities on behalf of a different person as defined in 335-14-1-.01(2) shall not be deemed to "control" such healthcare facilities) or has a contractual or other documented business relationship whereby the receiving healthcare facility supplies pharmaceuticals to the very small quantity generator healthcare facility;

2. Is operating under 335-14-7-.16 for the management of its non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals;

3. Manages the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that it receives from off site in compliance with 335-14-7-.16; and

4. Keeps records of the non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals shipments it receives from off site for three years from the date that the shipment is received.

(3)Standards for healthcare facilities managing potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(a)Hazardous waste determination for potentially creditable pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility that generates a solid waste that is a potentially creditable pharmaceutical must determine whether the potentially creditable pharmaceutical is a potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical (i.e., it is listed in 335-14-2-.04 or exhibits a characteristic identified in 335-14-2-.03). A healthcare facility may choose to manage its potentially creditable non-hazardous waste pharmaceuticals as potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals under 335-14-7-.16.

(b)Accepting potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from an off-site healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator. A healthcare facility may accept potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from an off-site healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator under 335-14-3-.01(4), without a permit or without having interim status, provided the receiving healthcare facility:

1. Is under the control of the same person, as defined in 335-14-1-.01(2), as the very small quantity generator healthcare facility that is sending the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off site, or has a contractual or other documented business relationship whereby the receiving healthcare facility supplies pharmaceuticals to the very small quantity generator healthcare facility;

2. Is operating under 335-14-7-.16 for the management of its potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals;

3. Manages the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that it receives from off site in compliance with 335-14-7-.16; and

4. Keeps records of the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals shipments it receives from off site for three years from the date that the shipment is received.

(c)Prohibition. Healthcare facilities are prohibited from sending hazardous wastes other than potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a reverse distributor.

(d)Biennial reporting by healthcare facilities. Healthcare facilities are not subject to biennial reporting requirements under 335-14-3-.04(2) with respect to potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals managed under this subpart.

(e)Recordkeeping by healthcare facilities.

1. A healthcare facility that initiates a shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a reverse distributor must keep the following records (paper or electronic) for each shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals for three years from the date of shipment:

(i) The confirmation of delivery; and

(ii) The shipping papers prepared in accordance with 49 CFR part 172 subpart C, if applicable.

2. The periods of retention referred to in this rule are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the Department.

3. All records must be readily available upon request by an inspector.

(f)Response to spills of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at healthcare facilities. A healthcare facility must immediately contain all spills of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and manage the spill clean-up materials as non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in accordance with 335-14-7-.16.

(4)Healthcare facilities that are very small quantity generators for both hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical hazardous waste.

(a)Potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator for both hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and nonpharmaceutical hazardous waste may send its potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a reverse distributor.

(b)Off-site collection of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals generated by a healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator. A healthcare facility that is a very small quantity generator for both hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical hazardous waste may send its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off-site to another healthcare facility, provided:

1. The receiving healthcare facility meets the conditions in 335-14-7-.16(2)(l) and 335-14-7-.16(3)(b), as applicable, or

2. The very small quantity generator healthcare facility meets the conditions in 335-14-3-.01(4)(a)5.(viii) and the receiving large quantity generator meets the conditions in 335-14-3-.01(7)(f).

(c)Long-term care facilities that are very small quantity generators. A long-term care facility that is a very small quantity generator for both hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical hazardous waste may dispose of its hazardous waste pharmaceuticals (excluding contaminated personal protective equipment or clean-up materials) in an onsite collection receptacle of an authorized collector (as defined by the Drug Enforcement Administration) that is registered with the Drug Enforcement Administration provided the contents are collected, stored, transported, destroyed and disposed of in compliance with all applicable Drug Enforcement Administration regulations for controlled substances.

(d)Long-term care facilities with 20 beds or fewer. A longterm care facility with 20 beds or fewer is presumed to be a very small quantity generator subject to 335-14-3-.01(4) for both hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical hazardous waste and not subject to 335-14-7-.16, except for 335-14-7-.16(5) and 335-14-7-.16(7) and the other optional provisions of 335-14-7-.16(4). The Department has the responsibility to demonstrate that a long-term care facility with 20 beds or fewer generates quantities of hazardous waste that are in excess of the very small quantity generator limits as defined in 335-14-1-.02(1). A long-term care facility with more than 20 beds that operates as a very small quantity generator under 335-14-3-.01(4) must demonstrate that it generates quantities of hazardous waste that are within the very small quantity generator limits as defined by 335-14-1-.02(1).

(5)Prohibition of sewering hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. All healthcare facilities-including very small quantity generators operating under 335-14-3-.01(4) in lieu of 335-14-7-.16 -and reverse distributors are prohibited from discharging hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a sewer system that passes through to a publicly-owned treatment works. Healthcare facilities and reverse distributors remain subject to the prohibitions in 40 CFR 403.5(b) (1).

(6)Conditional exemptions for hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are also controlled substances and household waste pharmaceuticals collected in a take-back event or program.

(a)Conditional exemptions. Provided the conditions of 335-14-7-.16(6)(b) are met, the following are exempt from 335-14-3 through 335-14-11:

1. Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are also listed on a schedule of controlled substances by the Drug Enforcement Administration in 21 CFR part 1308, and

2. Household waste pharmaceuticals that are collected in a take-back event or program, including those that are collected by an authorized collector (as defined by the Drug Enforcement Administration) registered with the Drug Enforcement Administration that commingles the household waste pharmaceuticals with controlled substances from an ultimate user (as defined by the Drug Enforcement Administration).

(b)Conditions for exemption. The hazardous waste pharmaceuticals must be:

1. Managed in compliance with the sewer prohibition of 335-14-7-.16(5); and

2. Collected, stored, transported, and disposed of in compliance with all applicable Drug Enforcement Administration regulations for controlled substances; and

3. Destroyed by a method that Drug Enforcement Administration has publicly deemed in writing to meet their non-retrievable standard of destruction or combusted at one of the following:

(i) A permitted large municipal waste combustor, subject to 40 CFR part 62 subpart FFF or applicable state plan for existing large municipal waste combustors, or 40 CFR part 60 subparts Eb for new large municipal waste combustors; or

(ii) A permitted small municipal waste combustor, subject to 40 CFR part 62 subpart JJJ or applicable state plan for existing small municipal waste combustors, or 40 CFR part 60 subparts AAAA for new small municipal waste combustors; or

(iii) A permitted hospital, medical and infectious waste incinerator, subject to 40 CFR part 62 subpart HHH or applicable state plan for existing hospital, medical and infectious waste incinerators, or 40 CFR part 60 subpart Ec for new hospital, medical and infectious waste incinerators.

(iv) A permitted commercial and industrial solid waste incinerator, subject to 40 CFR part 62 subpart III or applicable state plan for existing commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators, or 335-3-3-.05 for new commercial and industrial solid waste incinerators.

(v) A permitted hazardous waste combustor subject to 40 CFR part 63 subpart EEE.

(7)Residues of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in empty containers.

(a)Stock, dispensing and unit-dose containers. A stock bottle, dispensing bottle, vial, or ampule (not to exceed 1 liter or 10,000 pills); or a unit-dose container (e.g., a unit-dose packet, cup, wrapper, blister pack, or delivery device) is considered empty and the residues are not regulated as hazardous waste provided the pharmaceuticals have been removed from the stock bottle, dispensing bottle, vial, ampule, or the unit-dose container using the practices commonly employed to remove materials from that type of container.

(b)Syringes. A syringe is considered empty and the residues are not regulated as hazardous waste under this subpart provided the contents have been removed by fully depressing the plunger of the syringe. If a syringe is not empty, the syringe must be placed with its remaining hazardous waste pharmaceuticals into a container that is managed and disposed of as a non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical under this subpart and any applicable federal, state, and local requirements for sharps containers and medical waste.

(c)Intravenous (IV) bags. An IV bag is considered empty and the residues are not regulated as hazardous waste provided the pharmaceuticals in the IV bag have been fully administered to a patient. If an IV bag is not empty, the IV bag must be placed with its remaining hazardous waste pharmaceuticals into a container that is managed and disposed of as a non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical under this subpart, unless the IV bag held non-acute hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and is empty as defined in 335-14-2-.01(7)(b) 1.

(d)Other containers, including delivery devices. Hazardous waste pharmaceuticals remaining in all other types of unused, partially administered, or fully administered containers must be managed as non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals under this subpart, unless the container held non-acute hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and is empty as defined in 335-14-2-.01(7)(b)1. or 2. This includes, but is not limited to, residues in inhalers, aerosol cans, nebulizers, tubes of ointments, gels, or creams.

(8)Shipping non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from a healthcare facility or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from a reverse distributor.

(a)Shipping non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility must ship non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and a reverse distributor must ship evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off-site to a designated facility (such as a permitted or interim status treatment, storage, or disposal facility) in compliance with:

1. The following pre-transport requirements, before transporting or offering for transport off-site:

(i)Packaging. Package the waste in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations on hazardous materials under 49 CFR parts 173, 178, and 180.

(ii)Labeling. Label each package in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation regulations on hazardous materials under 49 CFR part 172 subpart E.

(iii)Marking.

(I) Mark each package of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in accordance with the applicable Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations on hazardous materials under 49 CFR part 172 subpart D;

(II) Mark each container of 119 gallons or less used in such transportation with the following words and information in accordance with the requirements of 49 CFR 172.304:

HAZARDOUS WASTE-Federal Law Prohibits Improper Disposal. If found, contact the nearest police or public safety authority or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Healthcare Facility's or Reverse distributor's Name and Address ______________________________

Healthcare Facility's or Reverse distributor's EPA Identification

Number_________________________.

Manifest Tracking Number _____________________.

(III) Lab packs that will be incinerated in compliance with 335-14-9-.04(3) are not required to be marked with EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s), except D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011, where applicable. A nationally recognized electronic system, such as bar coding or radio frequency identification, may be used to identify the EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s).

(iv)Placarding. Placard or offer the initial transporter the appropriate placards according to Department of Transportation regulations for hazardous materials under 49 CFR part 172 subpart F.

2. The manifest requirements of 335-14-3-.02, except that:

(i) A healthcare facility shipping non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals is not required to list all applicable hazardous waste numbers (i.e., hazardous waste codes) in Item 13 of EPA Form 8700-22 (Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest).

(ii) A healthcare facility shipping non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals must write the word "PHARMS" in Item 13 of EPA Form 8700-22 (Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest).

(b)Exporting non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility or reverse distributor that exports non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals is subject to 335-14-3-.09.

(c)Importing non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. Any person that imports non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals is subject to 335-14-3-.09. A healthcare facility or reverse distributor may not accept imported non-creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals unless they have a permit or interim status that allows them to accept hazardous waste from off site.

(9)Shipping potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from a healthcare facility or a reverse distributor to a reverse distributor.

(a)Shipping potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility or a reverse distributor who transports or offers for transport potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off-site to a reverse distributor must comply with all applicable U.S. Department of Transportation regulations in 49 CFR part 171 through 180 for any potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical that meets the definition of hazardous material in 49 CFR 171.8. For purposes of the Department of Transportation regulations, a material is considered a hazardous waste if it is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest Requirements of 335-14-3. Because a potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical does not require a manifest, it is not considered hazardous waste under the Department of Transportation regulations.

(b)Delivery confirmation. Upon receipt of each shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, the receiving reverse distributor must provide confirmation (paper or electronic) to the healthcare facility or reverse distributor that initiated the shipment that the shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals has arrived at its destination and is under the custody and control of the reverse distributor.

(c)Procedures for when delivery confirmation is not received within 35 days. If a healthcare facility or reverse distributor initiates a shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a reverse distributor and does not receive delivery confirmation within 35 calendar days from the date that the shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals was sent, the healthcare facility or reverse distributor that initiated the shipment must contact the carrier and the intended recipient (i.e., the reverse distributor) promptly to report that the delivery confirmation was not received and to determine the status of the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(d)Exporting potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A healthcare facility or reverse distributor that sends potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a foreign destination must comply with the applicable sections of 335-14-3-.09, except the manifesting requirement of 335-14-3-.09(4), in addition to 335-14-7-.16(9) (a) through (c).

(e)Importing potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. Any person that imports potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals into Alabama from outside the United States is subject to 335-14-7-.16(9)(a) through (c) in lieu of 335-14-3-.09. Immediately after the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals enter Alabama from outside the United States, they are subject to all applicable requirements of 335-14-7-.16.

(10)Standards for the management of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at reverse distributors. A reverse distributor may accept potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from off site and accumulate potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site without a hazardous waste permit or without having interim status, provided that it complies with the following conditions:

(a)Standards for reverse distributors managing potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

1.Notification. A reverse distributor must notify the Department, using ADEM Form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated Waste Activity), that it is a reverse distributor operating under 335-14-7-.16.

(i) A reverse distributor that already has an EPA identification number must notify the Department, using ADEM Form 8700-12, that it is a reverse distributor, as defined in 335-14-1-.02(1), within 60 days of the effective date of 335-14-7-.16, or within 60 days of becoming subject to 335-14-7-.16.

(ii) A reverse distributor that does not have an EPA identification number must obtain one by notifying the Department, using ADEM Form 8700-12, that it is a reverse distributor, as defined in 335-14-1-.02(1), within 60 days of the effective date of 335-14-7-.16, or within 60 days of becoming subject to 335-14-7-.16.

2.Inventory by the reverse distributor. A reverse distributor must maintain a current inventory of all the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are accumulated on site.

(i) A reverse distributor must inventory each potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical within 30 calendar days of each waste arriving at the reverse distributor.

(ii) The inventory must include the identity (e.g., name or national drug code) and quantity of each potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceutical.

(iii) If the reverse distributor already meets the inventory requirements of 335-14-7-.16(10)(a)2. because of other regulatory requirements, such as Alabama Board of Pharmacy rules, the facility is not required to provide a separate inventory pursuant to this rule.

3.Evaluation by a reverse distributor that is not a manufacturer. A reverse distributor that is not a pharmaceutical manufacturer must evaluate a potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical within 30 calendar days of the waste arriving at the reverse distributor to establish whether it is destined for another reverse distributor for further evaluation or verification of manufacturer credit or for a permitted or interim status treatment, storage, or disposal facility.

(i) A potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical that is destined for another reverse distributor is still considered a potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical and must be managed in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(10)(b).

(ii) A potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical that is destined for a permitted or interim status treatment, storage or disposal facility is considered an "evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceutical" and must be managed in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(10)(c).

4.Evaluation by a reverse distributor that is a manufacturer. A reverse distributor that is a pharmaceutical manufacturer must evaluate a potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical to verify manufacturer credit within 30 calendar days of the waste arriving at the facility and following the evaluation must manage the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(10)(c).

5.Maximum accumulation time for hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at a reverse distributor.

(i) A reverse distributor may accumulate potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site for 180 calendar days or less. The 180 days start after the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceutical has been evaluated and applies to all hazardous waste pharmaceuticals accumulated on site, regardless of whether they are destined for another reverse distributor (i.e., potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals) or a permitted or interim status treatment, storage, or disposal facility (i.e., evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals).

(ii)Aging pharmaceuticals. Unexpired pharmaceuticals that are otherwise creditable but are awaiting their expiration date (i.e., aging in a holding morgue) can be accumulated for up to 180 days after the expiration date, provided that the unexpired pharmaceuticals are managed in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(10)(a) and the container labeling and management standards in 335-14-7-.16(10)(c)4.(i) through (vi).

6.Security at the reverse distributor facility. A reverse distributor must prevent unknowing entry and minimize the possibility for the unauthorized entry into the portion of the facility where potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are kept.

(i) Examples of methods that may be used to prevent unknowing entry and minimize the possibility for unauthorized entry include, but are not limited to:

(I) A 24-hour continuous monitoring surveillance system;

(II) An artificial barrier such as a fence; or

(III) A means to control entry, such as keycard access.

(ii) If the reverse distributor already meets the security requirements of 335-14-7-.16(10)(a)6. because of other regulatory requirements, such as Drug Enforcement Administration or Alabama Board of Pharmacy rules, the facility is not required to provide separate security measures pursuant to this section.

7.Contingency plan and emergency procedures at a reverse distributor. A reverse distributor that accepts potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from off-site must prepare a contingency plan and comply with the other requirements of 335-14-3-.14.

8.Closure of a reverse distributor. When closing an area where a reverse distributor accumulates potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals or evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, the reverse distributor must comply with 335-14-3-.01(7)(a)8.(ii) and (iii).

9.Reporting by a reverse distributor.

(i)Unauthorized waste report. A reverse distributor must submit an unauthorized waste report if the reverse distributor receives waste from off site that it is not authorized to receive (e.g., nonpharmaceutical hazardous waste, regulated medical waste). The reverse distributor must prepare and submit an unauthorized waste report to the Department within 45 calendar days after the unauthorized waste arrives at the reverse distributor and must send a copy of the unauthorized waste report to the healthcare facility (or other entity) that sent the unauthorized waste. The reverse distributor must manage the unauthorized waste in accordance with all applicable regulations. The unauthorized waste report must be signed by the owner or operator of the reverse distributor, or its authorized representative, and contain the following information:

(I) The EPA identification number, name and address of the reverse distributor;

(II) The date the reverse distributor received the unauthorized waste;

(III) The EPA identification number, name, and address of the healthcare facility that shipped the unauthorized waste, if available;

(IV) A description and the quantity of each unauthorized waste the reverse distributor received;

(V) The method of treatment, storage, or disposal for each unauthorized waste; and

(VI) A brief explanation of why the waste was unauthorized, if known.

(ii)Additional reports. The Department may require reverse distributors to furnish additional reports concerning the quantities and disposition of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

10.Recordkeeping by reverse distributors. A reverse distributor must keep the following records (paper or electronic) readily available upon request by an inspector. The periods of retention referred to in this section are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the Department.

(i) A copy of its notification on file for as long as the facility is subject to this subpart;

(ii) A copy of the delivery confirmation and the shipping papers for each shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that it receives, and a copy of each unauthorized waste report, for at least three years from the date the shipment arrives at the reverse distributor;

(iii) A copy of its current inventory for as long as the facility is subject to this subpart.

(b) A dditional standards for reverse distributors managing potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals destined for another reverse distributor. A reverse distributor that does not have a permit or interim status must comply with the following conditions, in addition to the requirements in 335-14-7-.16(10)(a), for the management of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are destined for another reverse distributor for further evaluation or verification of manufacturer credit:

1. A reverse distributor that receives potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from a healthcare facility must send those potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to another reverse distributor within 180 days after the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals have been evaluated or follow 335-14-7-.16(10)(c) for evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

2. A reverse distributor that receives potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from another reverse distributor must send those potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a reverse distributor that is a pharmaceutical manufacturer within 180 days after the potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals have been evaluated or follow 335-14-7-.16(10)(c) for evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

3. A reverse distributor must ship potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals destined for another reverse distributor in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(9).

4.Recordkeeping by reverse distributors. A reverse distributor must keep the following records (paper or electronic) readily available upon request by an inspector for each shipment of potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that it initiates to another reverse distributor, for at least three years from the date of shipment. The periods of retention referred to in this rule are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the Department.

(i) The confirmation of delivery; and

(ii) The DOT shipping papers prepared in accordance with 49 CFR part 172 subpart C, if applicable.

(c)Additional standards for reverse distributors managing evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. A reverse distributor that does not have a permit or interim status must comply with the following conditions, in addition to the requirements of 335-14-7-.16(10)(a), for the management of evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals:

1.Accumulation area at the reverse distributor. A reverse distributor must designate an on-site accumulation area where it will accumulate evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

2.Inspections of on-site accumulation area. A reverse distributor must inspect its on-site accumulation area at least once every seven days, looking at containers for leaks and for deterioration caused by corrosion or other factors, as well as for signs of diversion.

3.Personnel training at a reverse distributor. Personnel at a reverse distributor that handle evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are subject to the training requirements of 335-14-3-.01(7)(a)7.

4.Labeling and management of containers at on-site accumulation areas. A reverse distributor accumulating evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in containers in an on-site accumulation area must:

(i) Label the containers with the words, "hazardous waste pharmaceuticals";

(ii) Ensure the containers are in good condition and managed to prevent leaks;

(iii) Use containers that are made of or lined with materials which will not react with, and are otherwise compatible with, the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, so that the ability of the container to contain the waste is not impaired;

(iv) Keep containers closed, if holding liquid or gel evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. If the liquid or gel evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are in their original, intact, sealed packaging; or repackaged, intact, sealed packaging, they are considered to meet the closed container standard;

(v) Manage any container of ignitable or reactive evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, or any container of commingled incompatible evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals so that the container does not have the potential to:

(I) Generate extreme heat or pressure, fire or explosion, or violent reaction;

(II) Produce uncontrolled toxic mists, fumes, dusts, or gases in sufficient quantities to threaten human health;

(III) Produce uncontrolled flammable fumes or gases in sufficient quantities to pose a risk of fire or explosions;

(IV) Damage the structural integrity of the container of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals; or

(V) Through other like means threaten human health or the environment; and

(vi) Accumulate evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are prohibited from being combusted because of the dilution prohibition of 335-14-9-.01(3) (e.g., arsenictrioxide (P012)) in separate containers from other evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals at the reverse distributor.

5.Hazardous waste numbers. Prior to shipping evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off site, all containers must be marked with the applicable hazardous waste numbers (i.e., hazardous waste codes). A nationally recognized electronic system, such as bar coding or radio frequency identification, may be used to identify the EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s).

6.Shipments. A reverse distributor must ship evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals that are destined for a permitted or interim status treatment, storage or disposal facility in accordance with the applicable shipping standards in 335-14-7-.16(8)(a) or (b).

7.Procedures for a reverse distributor for managing rejected shipments. A reverse distributor that sends a shipment of evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals to a designated facility with the understanding that the designated facility can accept and manage the waste, and later receives that shipment back as a rejected load in accordance with the manifest discrepancy provisions of 335-14-5-.05(3) or 335-14-6-.05(3), may accumulate the returned evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site for up to an additional 90 days in the on-site accumulation area provided the rejected or returned shipment is managed in accordance with 335-14-7-.16(10) (a) and (c). Upon receipt of the returned shipment, the reverse distributor must:

(i) Sign either:

(I) Item 18c of the original manifest, if the original manifest was used for the returned shipment; or

(II) Item 20 of the new manifest, if a new manifest was used for the returned shipment;

(ii) Provide the transporter a copy of the manifest;

(iii) Within 30 days of receipt of the rejected shipment of the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals, send a copy of the manifest to the designated facility that returned the shipment to the reverse distributor; and

(iv) Within 90 days of receipt of the rejected shipment, transport or offer for transport the returned shipment of evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals in accordance with the applicable shipping standards of 335-14-7-.16(8)(a) or (b).

8.Land disposal restrictions. Evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are subject to the land disposal restrictions of 335-14-9. A reverse distributor that accepts potentially creditable hazardous waste pharmaceuticals from off-site must comply with the land disposal restrictions in accordance with 335-14-9-.01(7).

9.Reporting by a reverse distributor for evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(i)Biennial reporting by a reverse distributor. A reverse distributor that ships evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals off-site must prepare and submit a single copy of a biennial report to the Department by March 1 of each even numbered year in accordance with 335-14-3-.04(2).

(ii)Exception reporting by a reverse distributor for a missing copy of the manifest.

(I)For shipments from a reverse distributor to a designated facility,

I. If a reverse distributor does not receive a copy of the manifest with the signature of the owner or operator of the designated facility within 35 days of the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals were accepted by the initial transporter, the reverse distributor must contact the transporter or the owner or operator of the designated facility to determine the status of the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

II. A reverse distributor must submit an exception report to the Department if it has not received a copy of the manifest with the signature of the owner or operator of the designated facility within 45 days of the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceutical was accepted by the initial transporter. The exception report must include:

a. A legible copy of the manifest for which the reverse distributor does not have confirmation of delivery; and

b. A cover letter signed by the reverse distributor, or its authorized representative, explaining the efforts taken to locate the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and the results of those efforts.

(II)For shipments rejected by the designated facility and shipped to an alternate facility,

I. A reverse distributor that does not receive a copy of the manifest with the signature of the owner or operator of the alternate facility within 35 days of the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals were accepted by the initial transporter must contact the transporter or the owner or operator of the alternate facility to determine the status of the hazardous waste. The 35-day time frame begins the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are accepted by the transporter forwarding the hazardous waste shipment from the designated facility to the alternate facility.

II. A reverse distributor must submit an Exception Report to the Department if it has not received a copy of the manifest with the signature of the owner or operator of the alternate facility within 45 days of the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals were accepted by the initial transporter. The 45-day timeframe begins the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals are accepted by the transporter forwarding the hazardous waste pharmaceutical shipment from the designated facility to the alternate facility. The Exception Report must include:

(A) A legible copy of the manifest for which the generator does not have confirmation of delivery; and

(B) A cover letter signed by the reverse distributor, or its authorized representative, explaining the efforts taken to locate the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals and the results of those efforts.

10.Recordkeeping by a reverse distributor for evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceuticals.

(i) A reverse distributor must keep a log (written or electronic) of the inspections of the on-site accumulation area, required 335-14-7-.16(10)(c)2. This log must be retained as a record for at least three years from the date of the inspection.

(ii) A reverse distributor must keep a copy of each manifest signed in accordance with 335-14-3-.02(4)(a) for three years or until it receives a signed copy from the designated facility that received the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceutical. This signed copy must be retained as a record for at least three years from the date the evaluated hazardous waste pharmaceutical was accepted by the initial transporter.

(iii) A reverse distributor must keep a copy of each biennial report for at least three years from the due date of the report.

(iv) A reverse distributor must keep a copy of each exception report for at least three years from the submission of the report.

(v) A reverse distributor must keep records to document personnel training, in accordance with 335-14-3-.01(7)(a)7.(iv).

(vi) All records must be readily available upon request by an inspector. The periods of retention referred to in this section are extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity, or as requested by the Department.

(d)When a reverse distributor must have a permit. A reverse distributor is an operator of a hazardous waste treatment, storage, or disposal facility and is subject to the requirements of 335-14-5, 335-14-6, and the permit requirements of 335-14-8, if the reverse distributor:

1. Does not meet the conditions 335-14-7-.16;

2. Accepts manifested hazardous waste from off site; or

3. Treats or disposes of hazardous waste pharmaceuticals on site.

Ala. Admin. Code r. 335-14-7-.16

Adopted by Alabama Administrative Monthly Volume XXXVIII, Issue No. 05, February 28, 2020, eff. 4/13/2020.

Amended by Alabama Administrative Monthly Volume XLI, Issue No. 07, April 28, 2023, eff. 6/12/2023.

Author: Sonja B. Favors; Brent A. Watson; Jonah L. Harris

Statutory Authority:Code of Ala. 1975, §§ 22-30-10, 22-30-11, 22-30-12, 22-30-14, 22-30-15, 22-30-16, 22-30-19, 22-30-20.