I. Introduction
On April 11, 2017, Nasdaq ISE, LLC (“ISE” or “Exchange”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“Commission”), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Act”), and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, proposed rule changes to its corporate governance documents and trading rules to align its corporate governance framework to the structure of other exchanges owned by its ultimate parent company, Nasdaq, Inc. The proposed rule change was published for comment in the Federal Register on May 2, 2017. The Commission received no comments on the proposal. On June 14, 2017, the Commission extended the time period within which to approve the proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule change, or institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule change. On July 6, 2017, the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comment on Amendment No. 1 from interested persons and is approving the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, on an accelerated basis.
17 CFR 240.19b-4.
See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80530 (April 26, 2017), 82 FR 20508 (“Notice”).
See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 80923, 82 FR 28102 (June 20, 2017).
As discussed further herein, Amendment No. 1, which replaces the original filing in its entirety, includes, among other things: (1) Changes to the Exchange's proposed Limited Liability Company Agreement (“New LLC Agreement”) and proposed By-Laws (“New By-Laws,” and together with the New LLC Agreement, the “New Governing Documents”) to better align these proposed documents with certain provisions in ISE's existing governing documents and the governing documents of other exchanges, including provisions concerning limitations on board committee powers, the confidentiality of books and records, the nomination of certain board directors by petition, and the confidentiality of board meetings pertaining to the Exchange's self-regulatory functions; (2) revisions to the proposed amendments to ISE's rules regarding ownership, voting, and transfer restrictions relating to certain market maker rights on the Exchange; (3) revisions to the related discussion of the purpose of the proposed changes; (4) clarification of certain aspects of the proposed rule changes (e.g., the nomination of Member Representative members to committees; and certain market maker rights and their related ownership, voting, and transfer restrictions); and (5) certain technical corrections (e.g., correcting incorrect cross references to Exhibits 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D, updating the proposed implementation date and the description of the Exchange's most recent annual election of its board, and amending the proposed New LLC Agreement to reflect the current address of the Exchange and its Sole LLC Member). When the Exchange filed Amendment No. 1 with the Commission, it also submitted Amendment No. 1 to the public comment file for SR-ISE-2017-32 (available at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-ise-2017-32/ise201732.htm ).
II. Background
On June 21, 2016, the Commission approved a proposed rule change relating to a corporate transaction in which Nasdaq, Inc. would become the ultimate parent of ISE (the “Nasdaq Acquisition”), Nasdaq GEMX, LLC (“GEMX”), and Nasdaq MRX, LLC (“MRX,” and together with ISE and GEMX, the “ISE Exchanges”). On June 30, 2016, pursuant to this transaction, Nasdaq, Inc. acquired all of the capital stock of U.S. Exchange Holdings, Inc. (“Exchange Holdings”), and thereby became the indirect, ultimate parent of the ISE Exchanges. Nasdaq, Inc. is also the ultimate parent of NASDAQ BX, Inc. (“BX”), The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”), and NASDAQ PHLX LLC (“Phlx” and, together with Nasdaq and BX, the “Nasdaq Exchanges”). The Commission notes that the corporate governance documents of ISE, specifically its Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (“Current LLC Agreement”) and its Second Amended and Restated Constitution (“Current Constitution” and, together with the Current LLC Agreement, the “Current Governing Documents”) are rules of the Exchange, as are the governing documents of ISE's Upstream Owners, which include certain provisions that are designed to maintain the independence of ISE's self-regulatory functions (as well as the self-regulatory functions of the Upstream Owners' other self-regulatory subsidiaries, i.e., the Nasdaq Exchanges).
See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 78119 (June 21, 2016), 81 FR 41611 (June 27, 2016) (SR-ISE-2016-11; SR-ISEGemini-2016-05; SR-ISEMercury-2016-10) (“Nasdaq Acquisition Order”) (order approving Nasdaq, Inc.'s acquisition of ISE, GEMX (f/k/a ISE Gemini, LLC), and MRX (f/k/a ISE Mercury, LLC)).
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20508 n.3. Exchange Holdings is the sole owner of ISE Holdings, Inc. (“ISE Holdings,” and together with Exchange Holdings and Nasdaq, Inc., the “Upstream Owners”), which is the sole owner of 100% of the Exchange's limited liability company interests. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20508-09; see also Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41611. ISE Holdings is also the sole direct owner of GEMX and MRX. See Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41611.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20508. See also Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41611. As a result of this transaction, the ISE Exchanges and the Nasdaq Exchanges became affiliates. See Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41611 n.8.
See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 53705 (April 21, 2006), 71 FR 25260, 25262-63 (April 28, 2006) (“ISE HoldCo Order”) (order approving SR-ISE-2006-04).
See Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41612; Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56955 (December 13, 2007), 72 FR 71979, 71981-82 (December 19, 2007) (order approving SR-ISE-2007-101); ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25262.
See, e.g., Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41612-13; ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25264.
The Exchange intends to effect a merger with a newly-formed Delaware limited liability company (“Merger”) under Nasdaq, Inc. that would result in ISE as the surviving entity with new corporate governance documents. In connection with that Merger, the Exchange proposes various changes to its corporate governance documents and rules (“Rules”). Specifically, the Exchange proposes to: (1) Delete the Exchange's Current LLC Agreement in its entirety and replace it with the New LLC Agreement, which is based on the limited liability company agreement of Nasdaq; (2) delete the Exchange's Current Constitution in its entirety and replace it with the New By-Laws, which are based on the by-laws of Nasdaq; and (3) amend certain of its Rules to reflect the replacement of the Current Governing Documents with the New Governing Documents.
The Rules as proposed to be amended pursuant to the proposed rule change are referred to herein as the “New Rules.”
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20508 n.5.
Id.
The Exchange states that its affiliates, GEMX and MRX, will submit nearly identical proposed rule changes. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20508 n.4.
The Exchange represents that the proposed changes are designed to align the Exchange's corporate governance framework with the existing structure of the Nasdaq Exchanges, particularly as it relates to the board and committee structure, nomination and election processes, and related governance practices. The Exchange also represents that it is not proposing any amendments to its ownership structure. The Exchange does not propose any amendments to the governing documents of its Upstream Owners. Thus, the provisions in the governing documents of these entities, which were designed to maintain the independence of ISE's self-regulatory functions, would remain unchanged. The Exchange also represents that it is not proposing any amendments to its Rules at this time, other than to reflect the changes to its governing documents as described in more detail below. The Exchange states that it intends to implement its proposed rule change no later than by the end of the third quarter of 2017.
See id. at 20508.
See generally id.; Amendment No. 1.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20509 and 20522. See also Amendment No. 1.
See Amendment No. 1. The Exchange also states that it will alert its members in the form of a regulatory alert to provide notification of the implementation date. Id.
III. Discussion and Commission Findings
After careful review, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, is consistent with the requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange. Specifically, as discussed in more detail below, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change is consistent with Sections 6(b)(1) and 6(b)(3) of the Act, which require, among other things, that a national securities exchange be so organized and have the capacity to carry out the purposes of the Act, and to comply and enforce compliance by its members and persons associated with its members, with the provisions of the Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and the rules of the exchange, and assure the fair representation of its members and persons associated with its members in the selection of its directors and administration of its affairs, and provide that one or more directors shall be representative of issuers and investors and not be associated with a member of the exchange, broker, or dealer. Further, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, which requires, among other things, that the rules of a national securities exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices; to promote just and equitable principles of trade; to foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, and processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities; to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market system; and, in general, to protect investors and the public interest.
In approving these proposed rule changes, the Commission has considered the proposed rules' impact on efficiency, competition and capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1) and (b)(3).
A. Ownership of the Exchange
ISE is currently structured as a Delaware limited liability company (“Delaware LLC”) and, as discussed above, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ISE Holdings. ISE Holdings, in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Exchange Holdings, which is wholly-owned by Nasdaq, Inc. Pursuant to the Current LLC Agreement, ISE Holdings is defined as the Sole LLC Member. As the Sole LLC Member, ISE Holdings may assign all (but not less than all) of its interest in the Exchange, subject to prior approval by the Commission pursuant to the rule filing procedures under Section 19 of the Act.
See Current LLC Agreement.
See id. The Current Constitution also defines ISE Holdings as the Sole LLC Member of the Exchange and permits assignment of its LLC interest as provided in the Current LLC Agreement. See Current Constitution, Section 1.1.
See Current LLC Agreement, Section 7.1.
Pursuant to the proposed rule change, ISE will be merged with a newly formed Delaware LLC, whereby ISE will be the surviving entity, governed by the New Governing Documents. ISE Holdings will continue to be the direct owner of ISE and will be defined as the “Company Member” or “Sole LLC Member” in the New LLC Agreement and New By-Laws. Additionally, pursuant to the New LLC Agreement, ISE Holdings will not be permitted to assign, in whole or in part, its limited liability company interest in the Exchange, unless such transfer or assignment is filed with and approved by the Commission pursuant to the rule filing procedures under Section 19 of the Act.
See New LLC Agreement, Schedule A; and New By-Laws, Article I(f).
See New LLC Agreement, Section 20. Pursuant to Section 7.1 of the Current LLC Agreement, ISE Holdings may only assign all (but not less than all) of its ownership interest, and any assignment of ISE Holdings' interest in ISE would similarly be subject to approval by the Commission pursuant to the rule filing procedures under Section 19 of the Act.
The Commission believes that the proposed restrictions on ISE Holdings' assignment of its ownership interest in ISE, taken together with restrictions on voting and ownership limitations in the governing documents of ISE's Upstream Owners that were previously approved by the Commission, are designed to minimize the potential that a person could improperly interfere with, or restrict the ability of, the Commission or ISE to effectively carry out its regulatory oversight responsibilities under the Act. The Commission also notes that the restrictions on transfer of ownership interest in the Exchange will be similar to those currently in place. In this regard, the Commission believes the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b)(1) of the Act in particular, which requires that an exchange be organized and have the capacity to be able to carry out the purposes of the Act and to comply, and to enforce compliance by its members and persons associated with its members, with the provisions of the Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, and the rules of the exchange.
See Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 6, at 41612-17 (discussing provisions, including voting and ownership limitations, in the governing documents of Nasdaq, Inc. and other Upstream Owners that are designed to maintain the independence of their self-regulatory subsidiaries); ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25262-63 (discussing voting and ownership limitations in the governing documents of ISE Holdings); see also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 76998 (January 29, 2016), 81 FR 6066, 6067, 6069, 6071-73 (February 4, 2016) (“Mercury Exchange Approval”) (approving the registration of ISE Mercury, LLC as a national securities exchange and discussing the provisions in the governing documents of ISE Holdings and other Upstream Owners that are designed to preserve the self-regulatory function of the national securities exchanges they control, which includes ISE).
15 U.S.C. 78(b)(1).
B. Governance of the Exchange
With the replacement of the Current Governing Documents with the New Governing Documents, the Exchange proposes to replace certain provisions pertaining to governance of the Exchange with related provisions that are based on provisions currently in the Nasdaq LLC Agreement and Nasdaq By-Laws. These changes include, among others, provisions governing: the composition of the Exchange's board of directors (“Board” or “Board of Directors,” and each member of the Board of Directors a “Director”); the process for nominating, electing, and removing Directors; the filling of vacancies on the Exchange's Board; its board committee structure; and regulatory independence of the Exchange. As noted above, the Exchange intends that the New Governing Documents would be implemented no later than by the end of the third quarter of 2017.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20514-17; and Amendment No. 1.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20514-17; and Amendment No. 1.
See supra note 19 and accompanying text.
1. Board of Directors: Powers and Composition
Under the New Governing Documents and consistent with the Current LLC Agreement, the business and affairs of the Exchange will be managed under the discretion of its Board, which will be vested with the power to do any and all acts necessary or for the furtherance of the purposes described in the New LLC Agreement, including fulfilling the Exchange's self-regulatory responsibilities as set forth in the Act. The new Board will also have the power to bind the Exchange and delegate powers, as it does today.
See Current LLC Agreement, Article II, Section 2.2 and Article V, Sections 5.1 and 5.7; and Current Constitution, Article III, Section 3.1.
See New LLC Agreement, Sections 7, 8, and 9(a).
See New LLC Agreement, Section 9(b).
See Current LLC Agreement, Article II, Section 2.2; and Current Constitution, Article V, Section 5.1.
ISE Holdings, as the Sole LLC Member, may determine at any time, in its sole and absolute discretion, the number of Directors to constitute the Board of Directors. At least 20% of the Directors shall be “Member Representative Directors.” Additionally, the Board of Directors must include a number of “Non-Industry Directors,” including at least one “Public Director” and at least one “issuer representative” (or if the Board consists of ten or more Directors, at least two issuer representatives), that equals or exceeds the sum of the number of Industry Directors and Member Representative Directors. Additionally, up to two Staff Directors may be elected to the Board. A Director may not be subject to a statutory disqualification. A Director will be removed upon a determination by the Board, by a majority vote of the remaining Directors, that the Director no longer satisfies the classification for which the Director was elected and that the Director's continued service on the Board would violate the board composition requirements.
See New LLC Agreement, Section 9(a).
See id. A “Member Representative Director” will be defined as a Director who has been elected or appointed after having been nominated by the Member Nominating Committee or by an Exchange Member pursuant to the New By-Laws and may be, but is not required to be, an officer, director, employee, or agent of an Exchange Member. See New By-Laws, Article I(r).
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 2(a). A “Non-Industry Director” will be defined as a Director (excluding an officer of the Exchange serving as a Director (“Staff Director”)) who is (i) a Public Director; (ii) an officer, director, or employee of an issuer of securities listed on the Exchange; or (iii) any other individual who would not be an Industry Director. See New By-Laws, Article I(w). A “Public Director” will be defined as a Director who has no material business relationship with a broker or dealer, the Exchange or its affiliates, or FINRA. See New By-Laws, Article I(z). An “Industry Director” will be defined as a Director with direct ties to the securities industry as a result of connections to a broker-dealer, the Exchange or its affiliates, FINRA, or certain service providers to such entities. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20516 n.69. See also New By-Laws, Article I(m).
See New By-Laws, Article I(m); see also Notice, supra note 3, at 20516 n.72 and accompanying text.
See Current LLC Agreement, Article II, Section 2.2.
See New LLC Agreement, Section 9(a).
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 2(b). If the remaining term of office of a removed Director is not more than six months, the Board will not be deemed to be in violation of the Article III, Section 2(a) composition requirements during the vacancy by virtue of such vacancy. See id.
As discussed in more detail below, the current Board was elected at the Exchange's 2017 annual election of its Board (the “2017 Annual Election,” and such Board the “2017 Board”), which was held on June 19, 2017, pursuant to the Current Governing Documents. When the New Governing Documents become operative, the 2017 Board will appoint a Nominating Committee and a Member Nominating Committee. The Member Nominating Committee will nominate candidates for each Member Representative Director position on the Board, as well as nominate candidates for appointment by the Board for each vacant or new position on a committee that is to be filled with a “Member Representative member” under the New By-Laws. If an Exchange Member submits a timely and duly executed written nomination to the Secretary of the Exchange, additional candidates may be added to the List of Candidates for the Member Representative Director positions. These candidates, together with candidates nominated by the Member Nominating Committee, will then be presented to Exchange Members for election. The Nominating Committee will nominate candidates for all other vacant or new Director positions on the Board.
See infra notes 65-68, 70-71, and accompanying text.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20517. The Nominating Committee will consist of no fewer than six and no more than nine members. The number of Non-Industry members on the Nominating Committee shall equal or exceed the number of Industry members on the Nominating Committee. If the Nominating Committee consists of six members, at least two shall be Public members, and if the Nominating Committee consists of seven or more members, at least three shall be Public members. The Member Nominating Committee shall consist of no fewer than three and no more than six members. All members of the Member Nominating Committee shall be a current associated person of a current Exchange Member, and the Board will appoint such individuals after appropriate consultation with representatives of Exchange Members. See New By-Laws, Article III, Sections 6(b)(i) and (iii). See also Notice, supra note 3, at 20520-21 (discussing the compositional requirements for, and responsibilities of, the Nominating Committee and Member Nominating Committee).
An “Industry member” will be a member of any committee appointed by the Board that is associated with a broker-dealer as defined in the New By-Laws, Article I(n). A “Non-Industry member” will be defined as a member of any committee appointed by the Board who is (i) a Public member; (ii) an officer or employee of an issuer of securities listed on the Exchange; or (iii) any other individual who would not be an Industry member. See New By-Laws, Article I(x). A “Public member” will be defined as a member of any committee appointed by the Board who has no material business relationship with a broker or dealer, the Company or its affiliates, or FINRA. See New By-Laws, Article I(aa).
Pursuant to the New By-Laws, Member Representative Directors shall be elected to the Board on an annual basis. See New By-Laws, Article II, Section 1(a).
Pursuant to the New By-Laws, a “Member Representative member” will be defined as a member of any committee appointed by the Board who has been elected or appointed after having been nominated by the Member Nominating Committee pursuant to the By-Laws. See New By-Laws, Article I(s). As discussed further below, the required inclusion of such representatives on certain committees, and the process by which they are to be selected, is designed to comply with the fair representation requirements of Section 6(b)(3) of the Act. See infra note 102 and accompanying text. See also Amendment No. 1.
In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange clarifies the description of the functions of the Member Nominating Committee. Specifically, the Exchange clarifies that the new Member Nominating Committee is responsible for: (i) The nomination for election of Member Representative Directors to the Board and (ii) the nomination for appointment of Member Representative members to the committees requiring such members. See Amendment No. 1.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(b).
“Exchange Member” will be defined as any registered broker or dealer that has been admitted to membership in the national securities exchange operated by ISE. See New By-Laws, Article 1(u).
“List of Candidates” will be defined as the list of candidates for Member Representative Director positions to be elected on an Election Date. See New By-Laws, Article 1(p).
“Election Date" will be defined as a date selected by the Board on an annual basis, on which Exchange Members may vote with respect to Member Representative Directors in the event of a Contested Election. See New By-Laws, Article 1(k). See also infra note 52, for the definition of “Contested Election.”
See New By-Laws, Article II, Section 1(b). See also Amendment No. 1.
If there is only one candidate for each Member Representative Director position to be elected on the annual election date, the Member Representative Directors shall be elected by ISE Holdings as the Sole LLC Member. If, as a result of the nomination and petition process, there are more Member Representative Directors candidates than the number of positions to be elected, each Exchange Member shall have the right to cast one vote for each Member Representative Director, and the candidates who receive the most votes shall be elected to the Member Representative Director positions. An Exchange Member, however, either alone or together with its affiliates, may not cast votes representing more than 20% of the votes cast for a candidate. See New By-Laws, Article II, Section 1(c) and Section 2. See also New By-Laws, Article 1(g) (defining “Contested Election” as an election for one or more Member Representative Directors for which the number of candidates on the List of Candidates exceeds the number of positions to be elected).
Under the Exchange's Current Governing Documents, six directors on the Board are officers, directors, or partners of Exchange members, and are elected by a plurality of the holders of Exchange Rights (“Exchange Directors”), of which two must be elected by holders of PMM Rights, two must be elected by holders of CMM Rights, and two must be elected by holders of EAM Rights. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510. See also Current Constitution, Article III, Section 3.2. The Exchange states that this current structure was adopted to comply with the fair representation requirements of Section 6(b) of the Act. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510. Because they give members a voice in the Exchange's use of its self-regulatory authority, the Exchange believes that Exchange Directors serve the same function as Member Representative Directors on the boards of the Nasdaq Exchanges. See id.
The Exchange notes that the Commission has previously found the Nasdaq LLC Agreement's (1) 20% Member Representative Director requirement, and (2) election process, provide fair representation of Nasdaq members, consistent with the requirements of Section 6(b) of the Act. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510 n.18 (citing Securities Exchange Act Release No. 53128 (January 13, 2006), 71 FR 3550, 3553 (January 23, 2006) (“Nasdaq Exchange Order”) (granting the exchange registration of Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.). The Commission notes that the Board compositional requirements and the process for electing Member Representative Directors in the New Governing Documents are based on the parallel requirements in the Nasdaq LLC Agreement.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(b).
The Commission believes that the proposed composition of the Exchange's Board satisfies the requirements in Section 6(b)(3) of the Act, which requires in part that one or more directors be representative of issuers and investors and not be associated with a member of the exchange, or with a broker or dealer. The Commission previously has stated that the inclusion of public, non-industry representatives on exchange oversight bodies is an important mechanism to support an exchange's ability to protect the public interest, and that they can help to ensure that no single group of market participants has the ability to systematically disadvantage others through the exchange governance process. As it has previously stated, the Commission believes that public directors can provide unbiased perspectives, which may enhance the ability of the Board to address issues in a non-discriminatory fashion and foster the integrity of the Exchange.
The Commission also notes that it previously found the compositional requirements for the board of directors of Nasdaq, upon which ISE's proposed requirements are based, to be consistent with Act. See Nasdaq Exchange Order, supra note 52, at 3553.
See, e.g., Regulation of Exchanges and Alternative Trading Systems, Securities Exchange Act Release No. 40760 (December 8, 1998), 63 FR 70844 (December 22, 1998) (“Regulation ATS Release”).
See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No 68341 (December 3, 2012), 77 FR 73065, 73067 (December 7, 2012) (“MIAX Exchange Order”) (granting the exchange registration of the Miami International Securities Exchange LLC).
See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 53382 (February 27, 2006), 71 FR 11251, 11261 (March 6, 2006) (order approving the New York Stock Exchange, Inc.'s business combination with Archipelago Holdings, Inc.); Nasdaq Exchange Order, supra note 52, at 3553; and Securities Exchange Act Release No. 62716 (August 13, 2010), 75 FR 51295, 51298 (August 19, 2010) (approving the application of BATS Y-Exchange, Inc. for registration as a national securities exchange).
The Commission also believes that the proposed requirement that at least 20% of the Directors be Member Representative Directors, and the means by which they will be chosen by Exchange Members, is consistent with Section 6(b)(3) of the Act, because it provides for the fair representation of members in the selection of directors and the administration of ISE. Section 6(b)(3) of the Act requires that “the rules of the exchange assure a fair representation of its members in the selection of its directors and administration of its affairs and provide that one or more directors shall be representative of issuers and investors and not be associated with a member of the exchange, broker, or dealer.” As the Commission previously has noted, this statutory requirement helps to ensure that members have a voice in the Exchange's use of its self-regulatory authority, and that the Exchange is administered in a way that is equitable to all those persons who trade on its markets or through its facilities. In addition, the Commission believes that the requirement that at least one director be a Public Director and one an issuer representative satisfies the requirements of Section 6(b)(3) of the Act.
Id.
See, e.g., Nasdaq Exchange Order, supra note 52; and Securities Exchange Act Release No. 58375 (August 18, 2008), 73 FR 49498 (August 21, 2008) (order granting the exchange registration of BATS Exchange, Inc.).
2. Transition From Current Board Election Process to the New Election Process
In its filing, the Exchange states that, when it was acquired by Nasdaq, Inc., there were a number of harmonizing changes to its Board that resulted in a complete overlap of directors on the ISE Boards and the Nasdaq Exchanges (the “Post-Acquisition Board”). ISE also states its belief that the Post-Acquisition Board satisfied the composition requirements contained in both the Current Constitution and the New By-Laws. The Exchange states that the terms of the Directors on the Post-Acquisition Board ended at the 2017 Annual Election, and that all of the Directors on the 2017 Board are Directors that served on the Post-Acquisition Board. The Exchange believes that the 2017 Board satisfies both the board composition requirements in the Current Governing Documents, as well as in the New Governing Documents, and that once the New Governing Documents become operative, no additional actions with respect to the 2017 Board will be required under the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act. Pursuant to the proposal, the 2017 Board will serve until the Exchange's first annual election of Directors in accordance with the processes under the New Governing Documents in 2018 (“2018 Board”).
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20516.
See Amendment No. 1.
The Exchange states that it held its 2017 Annual Election on June 19, 2017, in accordance with the nomination, petition, and voting processes set forth in the Current Governing Documents. See id.
The Commission notes that if the Board of Directors in place at the time the New Governing Documents become effective does not satisfy the requirements in the New Governing Documents, the Exchange would need to comply with the procedures for removing Directors and filling vacancies pursuant to the New Governing Documents. See, e.g., supra notes 43, 46, and 51-53 and accompanying text.
See Amendment No. 1. As discussed above, the Exchange proposes that, if approved, the New Governing Documents would be made effective no later than by the end of the third quarter of 2017. See Amendment No. 1; see also supra note 18 and accompanying text.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20517. See also Amendment No. 1.
The Commission believes the Exchange's proposal to allow the 2017 Board to continue serving until the 2018 Board would be elected pursuant to the process in the New Governing Documents is consistent with the Act, and in particular Section 6(b)(3) of the Act. The Exchange states that, although the 2017 Board was not nominated or voted upon in accordance with the New Governing Documents, it believes that the composition of the 2017 Board is consistent with the Act, as it still provides for the fair representation of members and has one or more directors that are representative of issuers and investors and not associated with a member of the exchange, broker, or dealer. Specifically, the Exchange states that six Directors are officers, directors, or partners of Exchange members, as required by Section 3.2(b) of the Current Constitution, and were elected by a plurality of the holders of “Exchange Rights.” These Exchange Directors were subject to the full petition and voting process by membership in accordance with Articles II and III of the Current Constitution, which process the Commission previously found to satisfy the requirements of the Act. The Exchange believes that the Exchange Directors serve the same function as the Member Representative Directors under the proposed board structure, as both directorships give Exchange members a voice in the Exchange's use of its self-regulatory authority. The Exchange also notes that only its corporate governance structure would change under the proposed rule change, and that its membership has remained substantially the same both before and after the 2017 Annual Election. Additionally, the Commission notes that, under the Current Governing Documents, the 2017 Board will be required to include two Directors that are “Public Directors.”
See supra notes 54-62 and accompanying text (discussing the requirements of Section 6(b)(3) and the Commission's belief that the compositional requirements for the Board of Directors, and the process for electing such Directors under the New Governing Documents, are consistent with those requirements).
See Amendment No. 1. See also Notice, supra note 3, at 20510 and 20513-14 (discussing the Exchange's current process for the nomination and election of Directors, including the Exchange Directors).
“Exchange Rights” currently means, collectively, PMM Rights, CMM Rights, and EAM Rights, which are the trading and other rights associated with the Exchange's three classes of membership. See Rule 100(a)(17); Current LLC Agreement, Article VI; and Current Constitution, Section 13.1(q). See also Rules 100(a)(11), 100(a)(14), and 100(a)(36); and Current Constitution, Sections 13.1(g), 13.1(l), and 13.1(bb). Under the New Rules, “Exchange Rights” will be defined in New Rule 100(a)(19) as the PMM Rights, CMM Rights, and EAM Rights, which will be defined in New Rules 100(a)(39), 100(a)(11), and 100(a)(15), respectively, and as discussed further below. See infra Section III.C. (discussing amendments to the Exchange's Rules).
See Amendment No. 1; Securities Exchange Act Release No. 42455 (February 24, 2000), 65 FR 11401 (March 2, 2000) (“ISE Exchange Approval”) (granting ISE's application for registration as a national securities exchange); and ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25265.
See Notice, supra note 3 at 20517. See also Amendment No. 1.
See Amendment No. 1.
See Current Constitution, Section 3.2(b).
Pursuant to the Exchange's Current Constitution, a “Public Director” means a non-industry representative who has no material relationship with a broker or dealer or any affiliate of a broker or dealer or the Exchange or any affiliate of the Exchange. See Current Constitution, Sections 3.2(b) and 13.1(cc).
The term “non-industry representative” means any person who would not be considered an “industry representative,” as well as (i) a person affiliated with a broker or dealer that operates solely to assist the securities-related activities of the business of non-member affiliates, or (ii) an employee of an entity that is affiliated with a broker or dealer that does not account for a material portion of the revenues of the consolidated entity, and who is primarily engaged in the business of the non-member entity. See Current Constitution, Section 13.1(w).
The term “industry representative” means a person who is an officer, director, or employee of a broker or dealer or who has been employed in any such capacity at any time within the prior three (3) years, as well as a person who has a consulting or employment relationship with or has provided professional services to the Exchange and a person who had any such relationship or provided any such services to the Exchange at any time within the prior three (3) years. See Current Constitution, Section 13.1(t).
3. Committees of the Board
Pursuant to the New By-Laws, the Exchange may establish committees composed solely of Directors. Specifically, the Exchange may establish an Executive Committee and a Finance Committee, and shall establish a Regulatory Oversight Committee (“ROC”). The Exchange shall also establish certain committees not composed solely of Directors. Specifically, the Exchange shall establish a Nominating Committee and a Member Nominating Committee, which would be elected on an annual basis by ISE Holdings, as the Sole LLC Member, and a Quality of Markets Committee (“QMC”). The New LLC Agreement will provide that, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board, any committee that consists solely of one or more Directors shall have and may exercise all the powers and the authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Exchange. The powers of any such committee would, however, be limited with respect to approving any matters pertaining to the self-regulatory function of the Exchange or relating to the structure of the market the Exchange regulates.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5.
The Exchange states that the proposed provisions relating to the standing committees are substantially similar to the provisions in Section 9(g) of the Nasdaq LLC Agreement with respect to standing committees. See Amendment No. 1.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(b). See also supra note 45 (describing the compositional requirements of these committees).
The Board may also designate additional committees consisting of one or more Directors or other persons. See New LLC Agreement, Section 9(g).
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(c). See also infra note 102 and accompanying text (describing the compositional requirements of the QMC).
See New LLC Agreement, Section 9(g)(v).
See id. See also Amendment No. 1. The Exchange notes that the proposed limitation is based on substantially similar language in Section 5.2(ii) of MRX's Constitution and is intended to assure the fair administration and governance of the Exchange. The Exchange does not have this limitation in Section 5.2 of its Current Constitution with respect to any Board committees set up by Board resolution, and is therefore proposing to follow the more current MRX standard. See Amendment No. 1.
The Exchange proposes that the Executive Committee be an optional committee, to be appointed only if deemed necessary by the Board. Because the Executive Committee will have the powers and authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Exchange between meetings of the Board, its composition must reflect that of the Board. Accordingly, if established, the number of Non-Industry Directors on the Executive Committee must equal or exceed the number of Industry Directors and the percentages of Public Directors and Member Representative Directors must be at least as great as the corresponding percentages on the Board as a whole.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5(a).
See id.
The Board would retain oversight of the financial operations of the Exchange instead of delegating these functions to a standing committee, but would have the option to appoint a Finance Committee at the Board's discretion. The Finance Committee would advise the Board with respect to the oversight of the financial operations and conditions of the Exchange, including recommendations for the Exchange's annual operating and capital budgets and proposed changes to the rates and fees charged by the Exchange.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5(b).
The Exchange proposes to eliminate its current Finance and Audit Committee and to have the committee's functions performed by Nasdaq, Inc.'s Audit Committee (“Nasdaq Audit Committee”), which is composed of at least three directors of Nasdaq, Inc., all of whom must satisfy the standards for independence set forth in Section 10A(m) of the Act and Nasdaq's rules. The Exchange notes that the Nasdaq Audit Committee has broad authority to review the financial information that will be provided to shareholders of Nasdaq, Inc. and others; systems of internal controls; and audit, financial reporting, and legal and compliance processes. The Exchange states that, to the extent the current Finance and Audit Committee oversees the Exchange's financial reporting process, its activities are duplicative of the activities of the Nasdaq Audit Committee, which is also charged with providing oversight over financial reporting and independent auditor selection for Nasdaq, Inc. and all of its subsidiaries. The Exchange also notes that the unconsolidated financial statements of the Exchange will still be prepared for each fiscal year.
See U.S.C. 78j-1(m).
See Nasdaq, Inc. By-Laws, Section 4.13(g).
The current Finance and Audit Committee must be composed of at least three (3) and not more than five (5) directors, all of whom must be non-industry representatives and must be “financially literate” as determined by the Board. See Current Constitution, Article V, Section 5.5.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20519.
See id.
See id. The Commission notes that registered national securities exchanges have an ongoing requirement to comply with the requirements of Form 1, which include filing audited financial statements with the Commission on an annual basis. See Form 1, General Instructions A.2 and Exhibit I, 17 CFR 249.1; and 17 CFR 240.6a-2(b)(1) (requiring a national securities exchange to file each year, as an amendment to its Form 1, Exhibit I (which requires a Form 1 applicant to file audited financial statements), as of the latest fiscal year of the exchange).
The Exchange will also have a Regulatory Oversight Committee (“ROC”) under the New Governing Documents, which will have broad authority to oversee the adequacy and effectiveness of the Exchange's regulatory and self-regulatory responsibilities. The ROC will consist of three members, each of whom must be a Public Director and an “independent director,” as defined in Nasdaq Rule 5605.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5(c). Currently, the Exchange's regulatory oversight activities are performed by the Exchange's Corporate Governance Committee, which will not exist under the new governance structure. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20520.
The Exchange also states that regulatory oversight functions formerly performed by the Finance and Audit Committee may be assumed by the ROC, and that like the ROCs of the Nasdaq Exchanges, the ISE ROC, because of its broad authority to oversee the adequacy and effectiveness of the Exchange's self-regulatory responsibilities, will be able to maintain oversight over controls in tandem with the Nasdaq Audit Committee's overall oversight responsibilities.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5(c).
Pursuant to the New By-Laws, the Exchange will also have a Chief Regulatory Officer (“CRO”), as it does currently. The new CRO will have general responsibility for the supervision of the regulatory operations of the Exchange and will meet with the ROC in executive session at regularly scheduled meetings of the ROC, and at any time upon request of the CRO or any member of the ROC.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20521 (noting that, although not expressly in its Current Governing Documents, the position of chief regulatory officer has long existed at the Exchange). See also New By-Laws, Article IV, Section 7.
In addition to the CRO, pursuant to the New LLC Agreement, the Exchange's officers will include: a Chief Executive Officer, a President, Vice Presidents, a Chief Regulatory Officer, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, a Treasurer, and an Assistant Treasurer. See New By-Laws, Article IV, Sections 4-11.
See New By-Laws, Article IV, Section 7. The CRO may also serve as the General Counsel of the Exchange. Id.
The ROC will assess the Exchange's regulatory performance, assist the Board in reviewing the regulatory plan and the overall effectiveness of the Exchange's regulatory functions, review the Exchange's regulatory budget and inquire into the adequacy of resources available in the budget for regulatory activities, and be informed about the compensation and promotion or termination of the CRO.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 5(c).
The Exchange also proposes that the Internal Audit Department of Nasdaq, Inc. (“Nasdaq Internal Audit Department”) would report to the Board on all Exchange-related internal audit matters and direct such reports to the new ROC. In addition, to ensure that the Board retains authority to direct the Nasdaq Internal Audit Department's activities with respect to the Exchange, the Nasdaq Internal Audit Department's written procedures will stipulate that the ROC may, at any time, direct the Nasdaq Internal Audit Department to conduct an audit of a matter of concern and report the results of the audit both to the ROC and the Nasdaq Audit Committee.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20519 & n.95 (citing the Regulatory Oversight Committee Charter of Nasdaq, Phlx, and BX, available at http://ir.nasdaq.com/corporate-governance-document.cfm?DocumentID=1097 ).
See id. at 20519.
The Exchange also proposes to eliminate its current Compensation Committee and its Corporate Governance Committee. The Compensation Committee is primarily charged with reviewing and approving compensation policies and plans for the Chief Executive Officer and other senior executive officers of the Exchange. Under the new governance structure, the functions of the Compensation Committee will be performed by Nasdaq, Inc.'s management compensation committee or, to the extent that policies, programs, and practices must be established for any Exchange officers or employees who are not also officers or employees of Nasdaq, Inc., the full Board. The Corporate Governance Committee is primarily charged with: (i) Nominating candidates for all vacant or new non-industry representative positions on the Board, (ii) overseeing the Exchange's regulatory activities and program, and (iii) overseeing and evaluating the governance of the Exchange. Under the new governance structure, the functions of the Corporate Governance Committee will be performed by the new Nominating Committee, the new ROC, or, if required, the full Board.
See id. at 20519-20.
See id. at 20519. See also Current Constitution, Section 5.6.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20519.
See id. at 20520. See also Current Constitution, Section 5.4.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20520.
As discussed above, the Nominating Committee and Member Nominating Committee will have responsibility for, among other things, nominating candidates for election to the Board. On an annual basis, the members of these committees will nominate candidates for the succeeding year's respective committees to be elected by ISE Holdings.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(c). See also supra notes 46-53 and accompanying text. Additional candidates for the Member Nominating Committee may be nominated and elected by Exchange Members pursuant to a petition process. See supra notes 49-52 and accompanying text.
The Commission notes that under the New By-Laws, the Member Nominating Committee shall nominate candidates for each Member Representative Director position to be elected by Exchange Members or the Sole LLC Member, and for appointment by the Board for each vacant or new position on any committee that is to be filled with a Member Representative member. See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6.
Finally, the Quality of Markets Committee (“QMC”) will have the following functions: (i) To provide advice and guidance to the Board on issues relating to the fairness, integrity, efficiency, and competitiveness of the information, order handling, and execution mechanisms of the Exchange from the perspective of investors, both individual and institutional, retail firms, market making firms, and other market participants; and (ii) to advise the Board with respect to national market system plans and linkages between the facilities of the Exchange and other markets. At least 20% of the QMC must be composed of Member Representative members, and the Non-Industry members on the QMC must equal or exceed the sum of Industry members and Member Representative members.
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(c)(i).
See New By-Laws, Article III, Section 6(c)(ii). See also Notice, supra note 3, at 20521; Amendment No. 1.
The Exchange also states that the function of Member Representative members on committees is to provide members a voice in the administration of the Exchange's affairs on certain committees that are responsible for providing advice on any matters pertaining to the Exchange's self-regulatory function or relating to its market structure. See Amendment No. 1. In order to ensure that its members have the opportunity to formally provide input on matters that are important to them, the Exchange states that at least 20% of the persons serving on any such committees will be individuals who will have been appointed by the Member Nominating Committee and will be representative of the Exchange's membership. See id.
The Commission believes that the Exchange's proposed committees, which are similar to the committees maintained by other exchanges, are designed to help enable the Exchange to carry out its responsibilities under the Act and are consistent with the Act, including Section 6(b)(1), which requires, in part, an exchange to be so organized and have the capacity to carry out the purposes of the Act. The Commission further believes that the Exchange's proposed committees, including their composition and the means by which committee members will be chosen, are consistent with Section 6(b)(3) of the Act because relevant committees provide for the fair representation of members in the administration of the Exchange's affairs.
See, e.g., Nasdaq By-Laws Article III, Sections 5-6; BX By-Laws, Article IV, Sections 4.13-14; Phlx By-Laws, Article V, Sections 5-2 to -3.
See 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(3).
4. Regulatory Independence
Certain provisions in ISE's Current Governing Documents, and those of its Upstream Owners, are designed to help maintain the independence of the regulatory functions of the Exchange. The New Governing Documents similarly include provisions designed to help maintain the independence of the regulatory functions of ISE, which provisions are substantially similar to those included in the governing documents of other exchanges. Specifically:
See, e.g., Nasdaq Acquisition Order, supra note 4, at 41613-16; Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56955 (December 13, 2007), 72 FR 71979 (December 19, 2007) (SR-ISE-2007-101) (order approving acquisition of ISE Holdings by Eurex Frankfurt); and ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25263-64.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20524. The Commission notes that the Exchange did not propose any amendments to the governing documents of its Upstream Owners.
See, e.g., Nasdaq Exchange Order, supra note 52; MIAX Exchange Order, supra note 57; Mercury Exchange Approval, supra note 28.
- The Exchange Board will be required, when evaluating any proposal, to take into account all factors that the Board deems relevant, including, without limitation, (1) the potential impact on: The integrity, continuity, and stability of the national securities exchange operated by the Exchange and the other operations of the Exchange; the ability to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices; and investors and the public, and (2) whether such proposal would promote just and equitable principles of trade, foster cooperation and coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in securities, or assist in the removal of impediments to or the perfection of the mechanisms for a free and open market and a national market system.
- All books and records of ISE reflecting confidential information pertaining to the self-regulatory function of the Exchange (including but not limited to disciplinary matters, trading data, trading practices, and audit information) shall be retained in confidence by ISE and its officers, directors, employees and agents; shall not be made available to persons other than to those officers, directors, employees, and agents of ISE that have a reasonable need to know; and will not be used for any non-regulatory purpose.
- The Exchange proposes that, as is currently the case, the books and records of ISE must be maintained in the United States and are subject at all times to examination by the Commission pursuant to the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
- Under the New LLC Agreement and New By-Laws, any amendments to those documents will not become effective until filed with, or filed with and approved by, the Commission, as required under Section 19 of the Act and the rules promulgated thereunder.
- Additionally, as is currently the case pursuant to the Current LLC Agreement, Section 15 of the New LLC Agreement would prohibit the Exchange from using Regulatory Funds to pay dividends.
The Commission believes that the provisions discussed in this section, which are designed to help ensure the independence of the Exchange's regulatory function and facilitate the ability of the Exchange to carry out its responsibility and operate in a manner consistent with the Act, are appropriate and consistent with the requirements of the Act, particularly with Section 6(b)(1), which requires, in part, an exchange to be so organized and have the capacity to carry out the purposes of the Act.
The Commission finds that proposed process regarding amendments to the New Governing Documents is consistent with Section 6(b)(1) of the Act, because it reflects the obligation of the Board to ensure compliance with the rule filing requirements under the Act. Additionally, the Commission finds these changes to be consistent with Section 19(b)(1) of the Act and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, which require that a self-regulatory organization file with the Commission all proposed rules, as well as all proposed changes in, additions to, and deletions of its existing rules. These provisions clarify that amendments to the New Governing Documents constitute proposed rule changes within the meaning of Section 19(b)(2) of the Act and Rule 19b-4 thereunder, and are subject to the filing requirements of Section 19 of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Id.; 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
The Commission also finds that the prohibition on the use of regulatory fines, fees, or penalties to fund dividends is consistent with Section 6(b)(1) of the Act, because it will further the Exchange's ability to effectively comply with its statutory obligations and is designed to ensure that the regulatory authority of the Exchange is not improperly used. This restriction on the use of regulatory funds is intended to preclude the Exchange from using its authority to raise Regulatory Funds for the purpose of benefiting its shareholders.
See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51029 (January 12, 2005), 70 FR 3233, 3241 (January 21, 2005) (SR-ISE-2004-29) (approving an ISE rule interpretation that requires that revenues received from regulatory fees or regulatory penalties be segregated and applied to fund the legal, regulatory, and surveillance operations of the Exchange and not used to pay dividends to the holders of Class A Common Stock).
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20512.
C. Related Rule Amendments
While voting rights with respect to Directors will be governed by the New Governing Documents, as is the case today under the Current Governing Documents, the Current Governing Documents also afford certain additional rights to the holders of PMM Rights and CMM Rights (PMM Rights and CMM Rights, each as defined below, and together, “Market Maker Rights”), namely: (i) the right to vote on any change in, amendment to, or modification of the Core Rights or the definition of “Core Rights”; and (ii) the right to transfer or lease Market Maker Rights upon approval of the Exchange. The Exchange represents that these rights reflect ISE's original membership structure, where the original Market Maker Rights provided the holders thereof with an equity ownership interest in ISE, as well as trading rights on the Exchange. The Exchange states, however, that today the Market Maker Rights do not confer any equity ownership in the Exchange and are, for all practical purposes, rights to trade on the Exchange. As such, the Exchange believes that the provisions governing the trading privileges of PMMs, CMMs, and EAMs are more appropriately located in its Rules rather than its governance documents. Accordingly, the Exchange proposes to import into its Rules certain provisions relating to Market Maker Rights, as well as Exchange Rights, currently found in the Current Governing Documents. The Exchange states that it is amending its Rules to: (i) Clarify any Rules that cross-reference the Current Governing Documents in the rule text, since those documents are being replaced by the New Governing Documents; or (ii) relocate or memorialize in the Rules certain rights and protections afforded to the Market Marker Rights holders, which today are primarily found in the Current Governing Documents. The Exchange represents that the holders of Exchange Rights will continue to have the same trading privileges they currently hold as PMMs, CMMs, and EAMs under its Rules, and the new Board structure of the Exchange will not change any trading privileges.
The Commission notes, however, that in the case of a Contested Election for Member Representative Directors, which is discussed above, instead of electing Directors by class, as is the case under the Current Governing Documents, each PMM, CMM, and EAM Rights holder would cast one vote. See supra note 52 and accompanying text.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510.
See Current LLC Agreement, Section 6.3(b) and Current Constitution, Section 10.1. “Core Rights” represent the voting rights with respect to any increase in the number of authorized Market Maker Rights. See Current LLC Agreement, Section 2.2. The number of authorized PMM Rights and CMM Rights are 10 and 160, respectively. See Current LLC Agreement, Section 6.1.
See Current LLC Agreement, Article VI and Current Constitution, Article XII. According to the Exchange, most of the transfer and lease provisions in the Current Governing Documents are also already in the current Rule 300 Series. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510 n.26.
The Commission notes that holders of Exchange Rights also currently have the right to vote on amendments to the Current LLC Agreement or Current By-Laws, if the amendment would alter or change the powers, preferences, or special rights of one or more series of Exchange Rights so as to affect them adversely. See Current LLC Agreement, Article VIII, Section 8.1 and Current Constitution, Article X, Section 10.1.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20510 & n.27 (citing ISE Exchange Approval, supra note 71).
The Exchange notes that all of the initial Market Maker Rights provided the rights holders with an equity ownership interest in ISE as well as trading rights on the Exchange. As such, those rights were transferable or leasable to approved persons or entities (i.e., Exchange members or non-member owners as provided in Rule 300(a)). Additionally, in the past, holders of the Market Maker Rights had the right to vote on corporate actions, such as increasing the number of memberships in a class (akin to the voting rights related to “Core Rights” today). The Exchange states that, from the beginning, the holders of EAM Rights had no equity interest in the Exchange and only had rights to trade on the Exchange, and that those rights were not transferable by the holders, and could only be held by Exchange members. The Exchange has since demutualized and reorganized into a holding company structure, all of which resulted in the separation of the equity ownership rights in the Exchange (currently all held by ISE Holdings as the Sole LLC Member) from the trading privileges on the Exchange (currently held by PMMs, CMMs, and EAMs). The holders of PMM Rights and CMM Rights still retain, however, the ability to transfer those rights. See, e.g., Rule 307(a); Current LLC Agreement, Section 6.4; and Current Constitution, Sections 12.1(c), 12.2(c), and 12.3(b). See also Notice, supra note 3, at 20510 & n.27, 20511.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20511.
See infra note 140 for the definition of the term, “PMM.”
See infra note 136 for the definition of the term, “CMM.”
See infra note 138 for the definition of the term, “EAM.”
See supra note 70 for the definition of the term “Exchange Rights.”
The Exchange provides that all the provisions governing the transfer and lease of Market Maker Rights in the Current Governing Documents are substantially set forth in the Rules.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20511. The Exchange also proposes certain technical, non-substantive changes, such as changing the term “Constitution” to “By-Laws.”
See id.
Specifically, the Exchange proposed changes to its Rules to, among other things:
- Relocate the concept of CMM Rights from the Current LLC Agreement to New Rule 100(a)(11), which will state that the term “CMM Rights” means the transferable rights held by a Competitive Market Maker or a “non-member owner” (as that term is defined in Rule 300(a)), and provide in New Rule 100(a)(11) that there are 160 authorized CMM Rights, as is currently set forth in Section 6.1(a) of the Current LLC Agreement.
- Relocate to New Rule 100(a)(12) the definition of “Competitive Market Maker,” which is currently only defined in Section 13.1(g) of the Current Constitution.
- Relocate the concept of EAM Rights to New Rule 100(a)(15), which will state that the term “EAM Rights” means the non-transferable rights held by an Electronic Access Member.
- Relocate to New Rule 100(a)(16) the definition of “Electronic Access Member,” which is currently only defined in Section 13.1(l) of the Current Constitution.
- Relocate the definitions for “Exchange Transaction,” “good standing,” and “System” from the Current Constitution to the Rules, and delete Rule 100(a)(22), defining “LLC Agreement,” as that term would no longer be used in the Rules, as amended by the proposed rule change.
- Relocate the concept of PMM Rights from Article VI of the Current LLC Agreement to New Rule 100(a)(39), which will state that the term “PMM Rights” means the transferable rights held by a Primary Market Maker or a “non-member owner” (as that term is defined in Rule 300(a)), and will state that there are 10 authorized PMM Rights, as is currently set forth in Section 6.1(a) of the Current LLC Agreement.
- Relocate to New Rule 100(a)(40) the definition for “Primary Market Maker” from Section 13.1(bb) of the Current Constitution.
The Exchange also proposed to add as new paragraphs (d) and (e) in New Rule 300 certain protections in the Current Governing Documents that relate to the Market Maker Rights. First, new paragraph (d) preserves the concept of Core Rights from the Current Governing Documents, and states that any increase in the number of authorized PMM or CMM Rights must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding PMM Rights, voting as a class, and the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the then outstanding CMM Rights, voting as a class, respectively. Second, new paragraph (e) states that any amendments to the New Governing Documents that would alter or change the powers, preferences, or special rights of one or more series of PMM Rights or CMM Rights must also be approved by the holders of a majority of such PMM or CMM Rights, as applicable. As such, to the extent they relate to the Market Maker Rights holders, paragraph (e) preserves the existing amendment rights from the Current Governing Documents.
See New Rule 300(d). See also supra note 122 and accompanying text (discussing the current Core Rights).
See New Rule 300(e). See also Current LLC Agreement, Section 8.1 and Current Constitution, Section 10.1. As the Exchange notes, the proposed amendment rights for the Market Maker Rights holders in Rule 300(e) are broader than the ones contained in the Current Governing Documents because they will apply for all amendments that affect the powers, preferences, or special rights of one or more series of PMM Rights or CMM Rights, rather than solely to the amendments that adversely affect these Market Maker Rights. See Notice, supra note 3, at 20523 n.114. See also supra note 123. The Commission also notes that any such amendment would also be subject to the voting concentration limitation in the New Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303, described below (see infra notes 143-145 and accompanying text), as well as the requirements of Section 19 of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder (see New LLC Agreement, Section 27; New By-Laws, Article VIII, Section 1).
The Exchange also proposes to explicitly set forth in its Rules the ownership and voting limitations for the holders of Market Maker Rights. Today, a holder or lessee of Exchange Rights, together with any affiliate, is restricted from owning (or exercising any of the non-trading rights associated with) more than 20% of the PMM Rights or CMM Rights. Consistent with the current limitation, the Exchange proposes to replace the current Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303 with New Supplementary Material .02, to state that, “[i]n addition to the trading concentration limits contained in [Rule 303], no holder or lessee of Market Maker Rights, together with any affiliate, may gain ownership or voting rights in excess of 20% of the outstanding PMM Rights or CMM Rights, as applicable.” The Exchange also states that the New Governing Documents will not have any provisions related to the Market Maker Rights.
See New Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303.
See Current LLC Agreement, Section 6.5(a). See also Amendment No. 1.
Under the Current LLC Agreement, a holder or lessee of Exchange Rights, together with any affiliate, is also restricted from owning (or exercising any of the non-trading rights associated with) more than 20% of the EAM Rights. As discussed above, under the New Governing Documents, a 20% voting limitation will apply to all Exchange Members with respect to participation in Contested Elections, and only holders of PMM and CMM Rights will have a right to vote on certain amendments to the New Governing Documents. See supra notes 52 and 142 and accompanying text.
See New Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303. See also Amendment No. 1.
The Exchange states that this voting limitation will be calculated by class (i.e., 20% of outstanding PMM Rights or CMM Rights, as applicable) when Market Maker Rights holders are voting on Core Rights or on certain amendments to the New Governing Documents, which is how the voting limitation is applied on the Exchange today. See Amendment No. 1. As it relates to voting on the Member Representative Directors only, in the event of a Contested Election, the Exchange states that members will now vote as one class. As such, an Exchange Member (together with any affiliates) may not cast votes representing more than 20% of the votes cast for a candidate. See id. See also New By-Laws, Article II, Section 2.
New Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303 will replace the Current Supplementary Material .02 to Rule 303, which states that in approving any PMM to exercise the trading privileges associated with more than 20% of the outstanding PMM Membership, the Board will not approve any arrangement in which such PMMs would gain ownership or voting rights in excess of those permitted under the Exchange's Current LLC Agreement or Current Constitution.
See Amendment No. 1.
The Commission notes that, because the only remaining voting rights associated with PMM Rights and CMM Rights will be the Core Rights and the right to vote on certain amendments to the New Governing Documents, as described above, the voting limitation in Supplementary Material .02 to New Rule 303 will only apply to voting on those matters. Voting on the election of Member Representative members will be governed by Article II of the New By-Laws, as described above.
See supra notes 46-53 and accompanying text.
In the context of a lease of Market Maker Rights, the Exchange proposes to add a requirement in New Rule 308 that the holder of Market Maker Rights must, as is currently required by Section 12.4(b) of the Current Constitution, retain the Core Rights associated with such Market Maker Rights and not transfer such voting rights to the lessee. Section 12.4(b) of the Current Constitution also provides that, under a lease agreement, the lessor may retain the voting rights with respect to the PMM Rights and CMM Rights or may transfer such voting rights, other than the Core Rights, to the lessee. Currently, the voting rights associated with the PMM Rights and CMM Rights that may be retained or transferred are the right to vote in the election of Exchange Directors and the right to vote on amendments to the Current Governing Documents that may adversely affect Market Maker Rights. Pursuant to the New Governing Documents, a holder of Market Maker Rights will continue to have the option of retaining or transferring the right to vote on certain amendments to the New Governing Documents. With respect to the right to vote in the case of a Contested Election, the Exchange provides that those voting rights will be transferable under a lease agreement for the holders of Market Maker Rights who are also members of the Exchange. Non-member owners, who are required to lease out their Market Maker Rights pursuant to Rule 300(b) will no longer have voting rights with respect to Directors that represent Exchange Members. The Commission notes that the 20% concentration limitation on voting described above will continue to apply in the case of any transfer of the right to vote in Contested Elections.
See Amendment No.1. See also Current LLC Agreement, Article VI, Section 6.3 and Article VIII, Section 8.1; and Current Constitution, Article X, Section 10.1
See Amendment No. 1.
See id.
The Exchange also proposes to amend New Rule 308 to memorialize the manner in which Market Maker Rights may be subleased. Specifically, the Exchange proposes that a lessee of a Market Maker membership in good standing may sublease such membership to a Member with the permission of the owner. The Exchange states that this is consistent with the Exchange's current practice and will not change the manner in which Market Maker Rights are subleased, but will clarify that such rights may be subleased to an Exchange Member only. Additionally, the Exchange proposes to relocate to the New Rules the requirement from the Current Constitution that a lessor of Market Maker Rights must retain the Core Rights.
See id.
Id. See also New Rule 308.
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20523. See also Amendment No. 1; and New Rule 308.
The Exchange also proposes to clarify that, for the holders of Market Maker Rights who are also members of the Exchange, the right to vote on Directors representing Exchange Members will continue to be transferable under a lease agreement. Non-member owners, who are required to lease out their Market Maker Rights pursuant to Rule 300(b), will not have voting rights with respect to electing Member Representative Directors. The Exchange states that all voting rights other than Core Rights will remain transferable under a lease agreement, and that New Rule 308(b)(4) requires a lease agreement of Market Maker Rights to include provisions for which party will exercise the voting rights associated with the Market Maker Rights being leased. Accordingly, apart from being relocated from the Current Constitution to the Rules, the Exchange represents that the proposed amendment to New Rule 308 will not change the current transfer rights associated with Market Maker Rights, other than as described above with respect to non-member owners.
See Amendment No. 1.
As described above, under the New By-Laws, in the case of a Contested Election, each Exchange Member shall have the right to cast one vote for each Member Representative Director. See New By-Laws, Article II, Section 2. See also supra note 52; Amendment No. 1.
See Amendment No. 1.
See id.
The Exchange also proposes to amend New Rule 802(b) to provide that, if a Primary Market Maker fulfills its obligations as a Primary Market Maker under the Rules, the Exchange will not reallocate the options classes to which such Primary Market Maker is appointed, unless otherwise requested by the Primary Market Maker; and would provide that the foregoing will not limit or affect the Exchange's responsibility under Rule 802(d) to reallocate any options classes in the interests of a fair and orderly market. The Exchange states that this proposal is consistent with the manner in which products are allocated to PMMs on the Exchange today. According to the Exchange, today, when ISE lists new options classes, it allocates them to one of its PMMs under Rule 802, and that pursuant to delegated authority by the Board, an Allocation Committee, which consists of employees of the Exchange (“Allocation Committee”), makes allocation decisions according to the guidelines contained in Rule 802. The Exchange also states that the Allocation Committee has not reallocated the products appointed to a PMM since the Exchange's inception for reasons other than as provided in the proposed rule, and as such, the proposed changes are simply to memorialize a longstanding practice on the Exchange.
See New Rule 802(b)(2).
See Notice, supra note 3, at 20523.
See id.
See id.
The Commission believes that the proposed changes to ISE's Rules are consistent with the Act and, in particular Section 6(b)(1) of the Act, which requires among other things that a national securities exchange be so organized and have the capacity to carry out the purposes of the Act. The Commission notes that many of the proposed changes to ISE's Rules are technical in nature, such as renumbering of Rules or conforming terminology to reflect the replacement of the Current Governing Documents with the New Governing Documents. The Commission also notes that, as described above, the Exchange proposes to relocate definitions and provisions related to Market Maker Rights from the Current Governing Documents into the Rules. The Commission believes that the proposed changes to ISE's Rules that would prohibit a holder or lessee of Market Maker Rights, together with any affiliate, from gaining ownership or voting rights in excess of 20% of the outstanding PMM Rights or CMM Rights, as applicable, are consistent with the Act. The Commission has previously stated that a regulatory concern can arise if a member's interest in an exchange becomes so large as to cast doubt on whether the exchange can fairly and objectively exercise its self-regulatory responsibilities with respect to that member. The Commission has stated, for example, that a member that directly or indirectly controls an exchange might be tempted to exercise that controlling influence by directing the exchange to refrain from diligently monitoring and surveilling the member's conduct or diligently enforcing its rules and the federal securities laws with respect to conduct by the member that violates such provisions. The Commission believes that the proposal would not give rise to concerns about the Exchange's ability to effectively carry out its regulatory responsibilities under the Act because the proposed rules change preserves existing ownership and voting limitations.
See, e.g., ISE HoldCo Order, supra note 9, at 25262 n.38 and accompanying text.
See, e.g., id. at 25262.
IV. Accelerated Approval
The Commission finds good cause, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, to approve the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, prior to the 30th day after publication of Amendment No. 1 in the Federal Register. In Amendment No. 1, ISE revises the original proposal to make certain changes discussed in greater detail above. Notably, in Amendment No. 1, ISE revises its proposal to (1) make changes to the Exchange's New LLC Agreement and New By-Laws to better align these proposed documents with certain provisions in ISE's existing governing documents and the governing documents of other exchanges, including those concerning limitations on board committee powers, the confidentiality of books and records, the nomination of certain board directors by petition, and the confidentiality of board meetings; (2) revise the proposed amendments to ISE's rules regarding ownership, voting, and transfer restrictions relating to certain market maker rights on the Exchange; (3) revise the related discussion of the purpose of the proposed changes; (4) add clarification to the description of the proposal regarding the operation of certain provisions; and (5) make certain technical corrections. The Commission believes that Amendment No. 1 does not raise any novel regulatory issues and instead better aligns ISE's proposed New Governing Documents with certain provisions in its Current Governing Documents and the governing documents of other exchanges that were previously approved by the Commission. As discussed more fully above, certain provisions of ISE's New Governing Documents, as modified by Amendment No. 1, are designed to facilitate the ability of ISE to maintain the independence of its self-regulatory function, enable it to operate in a manner that complies with the federal securities laws, and facilitate the ability of ISE and the Commission to fulfill their regulatory and oversight obligations under the Act. The Commission further believes that Amendment No. 1 provides additional clarity in the rule text and the description of the proposal, which is consistent with ISE's original proposal and supports ISE's analysis of how its proposal is consistent with the Act, thus facilitating the Commission's ability to make the findings set forth above to approve the proposal. Accordingly, the Commission finds that good cause exists to approve the proposal, as modified by Amendment No. 1, on an accelerated basis.
See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 70050 (July 26, 2013), 78 FR 46622 (August 1, 2013) (granting GEMX's (f/k/a Topaz Exchange, LLC) application for registration as a national securities exchange); and Mercury Exchange Approval, supra note 28.
See supra Section III.B.4 (discussing, for example, certain provisions in ISE's New Governing Documents that are designed to help maintain the independence of the regulatory functions of the Exchange).
V. Solicitation of Comments
Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and arguments concerning Amendment No. 1, including whether Amendment No. 1 is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of the following methods:
Electronic Comments
- Use the Commission's Internet comment form ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ); or
- Send an email to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include File Number SR-ISE-2017-32 on the subject line.
Paper Comments
- Send paper comments in triplicate to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090.
All submissions should refer to File Number SR-ISE-2017-32. This file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on the Commission's Internet Web site ( http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml ). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions should refer to File Number SR-ISE-2017-32 and should be submitted on or before August 25, 2017.
VI. Conclusion
It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, that theproposed rule change (SR-ISE-2017-32), as modified by Amendment No. 1, be, and hereby is, approved on an accelerated basis.
For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated authority.
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2017-16398 Filed 8-3-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P