Superior Court of Pennsylvania December 2017 casesEstate of Bremen v. PNC BankIn re T.W.H.Com. v. YoungAsphalt v. Gem Bldg.Commonwealth v. SolomonFry v. AdamsCom. v. YeiserCommonwealth v. WilliamsCom. v. DurstCom. v. LechlinskiCom. v. JacksonCom. v. DixonIn re A.R.P.Com. v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. EdwardCom. v. RigginsCom. v. BergerCommonwealth v. ScottCom. v. MahmudCommonwealth v. HammondCommonwealth v. WilliamsCommonwealth v. HartCommonwealth v. GillCommonwealth v. BaldwinIn re ObenskiCommonwealth v. SchafferCommonwealth v. EnosCom. v. WilliamsAm. Winter Servs. v. Limerick Vill., LPCommonwealth v. RichardsonHornberger v. Dave Gutelius Excavating, Inc.Commonwealth v. PattersonCommonwealth v. SadikGriffin v. Abington Mem'l Hosp.Com. v. CousinsCom. v. HintonIn re E.W.E.In re I.J.K.In re I.J.K.Com. v. WellsCommonwealth v. JonesCom. v. HaightCommonwealth v. FullerCom. v. FlesherF.A.N. v. S.U.Commonwealth v. WilliamsBerry v. DicksonCommonwealth v. WilliamsonCommonwealth v. ScottCommonwealth v. StifflerCom. v. CorbettThiel v. Pa. Leadership Charter Sch.Commonwealth v. WilliamsCommonwealth v. EnosCom. v. KnightCommonwealth v. WylieCommonwealth v. CalderonCom. v. BlauserCom. v. PreskiCommonwealth v. CharlesCommonwealth v. JordanCom. v. MessnerIn re Estate of CarusoCommonwealth v. BellCom. v. GardenhireCom. v. CookCom. v. SnyderCom. v. JoachinCommonwealth v. DeShieldsCom. v. AndersonCohen v. JS Associated Serv.Com. v. HummelCom. v. KirkseyCommonwealth v. CousinsCommonwealth v. KubisIn re N.M.S.In re I.D.M.Commonwealth v. WilsonCommonwealth v. PatelCommonwealth v. MackeyCommonwealth v. BrileyIn re L.R.Osborne v. OsborneWeinar v. LexGolab v. KnuthNiverth v. EquitransCommonwealth v. OlsenCom. v. SappingtonIn re J.J.B.Commonwealth v. HugaboomCom. v. SanchesCommonwealth v. HouseCom. v. WoodsonCom. v. WilliamsS.U. v. R.U.Com. v. TurnerCom. v. PearsonCom. v. BeckCommonwealth v. LeeEzzeldin v. EzzeldinCommonwealth v. DickersonCommonwealth v. ClarkCommonwealth v. BeckCommonwealth v. BuynaHladasz v. ReimannCommonwealth v. ShipleyCavoto v. State Farm Mut.Com. v. DixonCommonwealth v. LewisFriedman v. Wayne Ctr.Commonwealth v. GutierrezBisbing v. KuglerCom. v. WylieCommonwealth v. CobbsBank of N.Y. Mellon v. GossCom. v. Wash.Com. v. AngelesCom. v. TaborrelliCom. v. MooreCom. v. HamiltonRizzardi v. SpicerCommonwealth v. HeppdingWilmington Sav. Fund Soc'y v. 7327A W. Chester Pike, LPCom. v. DerryBank of N.Y. Mellon v. PogonovichCom. v. DavisCom. v. JonesCom. v. FairmanIn re M.m.-A.Com. v. RiddickCom. v. AyalaIn re M.L.Com. v. StevensIn re M.S.D.JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. WaldronCommonwealth v. MarshallCom. v. WolfelCom. v. StewartBauer v. BauerCommonwealth v. DerryCommonwealth v. TunsilS.B. v. S.S.Commonwealth v. LopezCommonwealth v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. BolynnIn re A.E.S.Commonwealth v. TedrowCommonwealth v. HarrisCommonwealth v. BrownCommonwealth v. JonesCommonwealth v. HintonCom. v. TaylorCom. v. AlyMarom Invs., LLC v. AzizCommonwealth v. AndersonCom. v. DennisCom. v. SouthernFerris v. PetriIn re J.R.M.Com. v. MalloryCom. v. DiazCommonwealth v. BonusCommonwealth v. WithrowCommonwealth v. GarnerSchmidt v. LeboonCom. v. SimsCommonwealth v. HolmesCommonwealth v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. WhiteCom. v. SolomonCom. v. RathmannIn re R.J.F.Commonwealth v. LapeCom. v. HeagyCom. v. DrescherCom. v. BuynaCommonwealth v. SnyderCom. v. WilliamsCom. v. SmithCom. v. CalderonCom. v. ColtonCom. v. FullerL.M.B. v. D.B.Com. v. VrudneyCom. v. BollCommonwealth v. FelderIn re L.D.T.Del Ciotto v. Pa. Hosp. of the Univ. of Penn Health Sys.Menkowitz v. Peerless Publications, Inc.Commonwealth v. BoydCommonwealth v. HarveyCommonwealth v. JonesCommonwealth v. BanksCom. v. JohnsonCom. v. LawrenceCom. v. WhalleyIn re L.B.In re S.U.In re S.m.m.-D.In re M.L.Ezzeldin v. EzzeldinCarpenter v. RemodelersCom. v. HoltIn re L.R.Obenski v. Complaint (In re)Commonwealth v. CaseyCom. v. PeraltaCom. v. GutierrezCom. v. BrownCom. v. BonusCom. v. BakerCom. v. McclentonCommonwealth v. VrudneyCom. v. MenleyLightner v. Carlevale's Custom Cars, LLCCommonwealth v. GillCom. v. EnosCom. v. DavisSnitow v. SnitowCom. v. PalestiniY. L.P. v. R.R.P.Plum Prop. Assocs. Inc. v. Mineral Trading Co.In re M.L.M.Commonwealth v. MizzellCom. v. OlsenCommonwealth v. CrosbyCommonwealth v. SperberCommonwealth v. TejadaChevalier v. Gen. Nutrition Ctrs., Inc.Com. v. LeeCommonwealth v. PearsonCom. v. PalaiaCom. v. BrickhouseIn re P.K.K.Com. v. HolmesCom. v. GibsonCommonwealth v. WestCommonwealth v. BlackwellCom. v. ScottCom. v. Rosado-SalgadoImhoff v. DeemerIn re B.S.Bielec v. Am. Int'l Grp., Inc.Commonwealth v. CarmonCom. v. RiveraIn re L.D.T.Com. v. QuijanoIn re R.L.O.Com. v. BriggsCom. v. PultroCom. v. GoffCommonwealth v. MartinBank of N.Y. Mellon v. GossCom. v. WithrowChestnut Ridge Grp. v. PlasticsCommonwealth v. WolfelCom. v. VinsonIn re J.J.B.Commonwealth v. YeiserCavoto v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.Com. v. KnottCommonwealth v. TorresIn re G.J.K. & Sons, LLCCommonwealth v. FosterCommonwealth v. FanningsCommonwealth v. LivingstonIn re Estate of CaporussoCook v. Sugarhouse HSP Gaming, L.P.Commonwealth v. McCainCommonwealth v. PerezCom. v. HugaboomCommonwealth v. SwaayzeIcehouse, LLC v. ScottCom. v. DavisCommonwealth v. JonesCom. v. JacksonCommonwealth v. PreskiCom. v. TedrowCom. v. GeorgeCommonwealth v. Jordan-MontanezByers v. LiggettCommonwealth v. FunkCom. v. MarshallCom. v. StubbsIn re SteeleMiller v. MillerCommonwealth v. Haight340B Mgmt., LLC v. RX Blue Star Solutions, LLCCommonwealth v. MessnerCom. v. HolmanCommonwealth v. CorlissPrince Law Offices, P.C. v. McCausland Keen & BuckmanCommonwealth v. SnyderBomar v. FoxE5 Sols. Grp., LLC v. GrotenhuisGantalao v. RoyerCom. v. ClarkeCommonwealth v. HenryCom. v. RamosCommonwealth v. SanchesCommonwealth v. RathmannCommonwealth v. YoungCom. v. LapeIn re R.J.F.Com. v. DukesIn re Estate of ScarpaciRoverano v. John Crane, Inc.Commonwealth v. WashingtonCommonwealth v. DukesCommonwealth v. TorresCom. v. Wash.Com. v. SwaayzeCom. v. BrownCommonwealth v. GoffCom. v. PuryearIn re G.K.Com. v. SchoffCom. v. CarmonCom. v. PattersonIn re A.L.Commonwealth v. JordanCommonwealth v. OatesCom. v. DickersonLoan v. WhittenbergCom. v. HintonCommonwealth v. DurstCommonwealth v. O'DohertyFitzgerald v. ComynsCommonwealth v. DysonCom. v. WhiteClaypool v. ClaypoolCommonwealth v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. RussawFerris v. PetriCommonwealth v. SchoffMedisys, Inc. v. HunsbergerCommonwealth v. MooreCommonwealth v. HornIn re B.C.Com. v. WilsonIn re R.L.O.Commonwealth v. RileyCommonwealth v. FlesherCom. v. Krider, JR F.In re B.S.Bomar v. FoxCommonwealth v. HoodCom. v. ClarkNensel v. Augustine (In re Estate of Augustine)Commonwealth v. BergerIn re J.G.In re J.M.W.Com. v. BoydCom. v. DanielsBielec v. Am. Int'l Grp., Inc.Hodge v. Aramark Healthcare Support Servs.Commonwealth v. TaborrelliIn re E.W.E.In re A.M.Com. v. WilliamsCom. v. StoudtIn re J.P.Com. v. LoperCom. v. FanningsCom. v. SharpCom. v. SeekinsIn re EstateCommonwealth v. LewisRoverano v. John Crane, Inc.Commonwealth v. WoodsCommonwealth v. DavisCommonwealth v. VearnonCommonwealth v. Wylie-BiggsCom. v. HarveyCom. v. GlassGantalao v. RoyerCommonwealth v. RobinsonCommonwealth v. AyersCom. v. OneskoUnited Envtl. Grp., Inc. v. GKK McKnight, LPBerry v. DicksonCom. v. CallahanCommonwealth v. BollCom. v. NoceroFriedman v. Bryn Mawr Hosp.Commonwealth v. DiazCommonwealth v. HamiltonIn re HarperSchmidt v. LeboonCommonwealth v. TurnerCommonwealth v. RiveraCom. v. HolderThiel v. Penn. Leadership Charter Sch.Com. v. Haynick, SR M.In re S.D.M.Turner v. Helen of Troy, L.P.Com. v. KnippschildCom. v. OnzikCom. v. Can.Com. v. CurryCom. v. PerezPolett v. Pub. Commc'ns, Inc.Maverick Steel Co. v. Dick Corp./Barton Malow, Joint VentureBinswanger Pa v. TSG Real Estate LLCCom. v. StarkIn re L.B.Commonwealth v. ColtonCom. v. BrisonR.B.H. v. L.h.-H.Commonwealth v. BagleyPrince Law Offices v. KeenCom. v. EasleyCommonwealth v. LawrenceCommonwealth v. McRaeR.B.H. v. L.H.-H.Commonwealth v. KriderCommonwealth v. SimsCom. v. ClarkeFlanagan v. Mine Run, Inc.Commonwealth v. HortonNygaard v. KurtickFry v. AdamsLightner v. Carlevale's Custom Cars, LLCIn re I.M.Com. v. WalkerCom. v. MooreCom. v. CobbsCom. v. FelderCom. v. EdwardCommonwealth v. MackeyIn re HarperFord v. OliverCommonwealth v. WilliamsCommonwealth v. WoodsonIn re Interest of L.B.Commonwealth v. NoceroNLG, LLC v. 9197-5904 Quebec, Inc.Commonwealth v. HolmanCommonwealth v. WoodardIn re A.D.L.T.D. v. ReeseCommonwealth v. AmosCom. v. DysonCommonwealth v. WiniavskiIn re P.K.K.Com. v. MartinCom. v. FarrowCommonwealth v. RigginsMiller v. MillerAm. Winter Servs., LLC v. Limerick Vill., LPCom. v. WilliamsonCommonwealth v. EnosCommonwealth v. HolderCom. v. MizzellCohen v. JS Associated Serv.In re A.E.G.G.-S.Commonwealth v. BayleCommonwealth v. DavisCom. v. AndersonCom. v. KubisCom. v. FunkCommonwealth v. HenryCommonwealth v. RosenbergerCommonwealth v. MalloryCom. v. BaldwinCommonwealth v. JenkinsCommonwealth v. BrickhouseK.S.A. v. H.B.Com. v. BayleCom. v. Wylie-BiggsCommonwealth v. HeagyCommonwealth v. JoachinCom. v. WaltersEast v. KuglerCom. v. PlummerS.B. v. SteamshipsCommonwealth v. BarnhartCommonwealth v. DerryCommonwealth v. GibsonCom. v. WoodardCommonwealth v. BriggsCom. v. CaseyCom. v. BaurCom. v. HenryCommonwealth v. McCalpinCommonwealth v. StoudtCom. v. BaldwinCommonwealth v. WellsBomar v. FoxCommonwealth v. RaspatelloIn re E.V.Commonwealth v. VelasquezCommonwealth v. DavisCommonwealth v. AndersonCommonwealth v. LoperCommonwealth v. MackeyCommonwealth v. FelderCommonwealth v. ClineCommonwealth v. EasleyCommonwealth v. LeeCommonwealth v. GravesCommonwealth v. SappingtonCommonwealth v. ClarkeCommonwealth v. TejadaCommonwealth v. HackworthChestnut Ridge Grp., L.P. v. Progressive Plastics, Inc.Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Premier Hotels Grp., LLCCom. v. StifflerCom. v. BolynnCom. v. BurgerCommonwealth v. OneskoCom. v. KahleCom. v. JordanCom. v. GeterCommonwealth v. HooksIn re EstateIn re C.M.Com. v. McraeCommonwealth v. ElderY.L.P. v. R.R.P.Com. v. AlstonCom. v. WhiteCom. v. DandarCom. v. WesternCook v. GamingCom. v. ScottIn re Ma. M.Com. v. RaspatelloIn re A.e.g.g.-S.Commonwealth v. WellsCommonwealth v. JonesIn re EstateIn re J.Z.KCom. v. ProvanceCommonwealth v. PrattCommonwealth v. BrooksE5 Solutions v. GrotenhuisCom. v. RosenbergerClaypool v. ClaypoolCommonwealth v. TuckerCom. v. PelierCommonwealth v. DennisIn re Adoption Of: I.M. Appeal Of: R.M.Commonwealth v. PelierCom. v. BagleyCom. v. AnthonyCom. v. WallaceCommonwealth v. AlstonCommonwealth v. SweitzerIn re Su. M.Com. v. ShipleyCommonwealth v. CurryCom. v. KeysCom. v. RichardsonIn re EstateCom. v. SchafferCom. v. DerryCommonwealth v. SharpCom. v. HackworthRusso v. PolidoroCommonwealth v. FulgerL.M.B. v. D.B.Gresh v. GreshCommonwealth v. AkhmedovCommonwealth v. MenleyCommonwealth v. McArthurCommonwealth v. BaurCommonwealth v. MansfieldCommonwealth v. ShafferCommonwealth v. WallaceCommonwealth v. CintronCommonwealth v. MeekinsCommonwealth v. WilliamsBinswanger of Pa., Inc. v. TSG Real Estate LLCCom. v. DukesCom. v. JordanHladasz v. ReimannCommonwealth v. JacksonBouchon v. Citizen Care, Inc.Com. v. ShulerCom. v. ChaviousCom. v. WrightCom. v. DarrochIn re G.K.Com. v. CrosbyCommonwealth v. KirkseyCom. v. GeathersCommonwealth v. BednarIn re Adoption J.A.Commonwealth v. LechlinskiCommonwealth v. MichalidesCommonwealth v. StubbsCommonwealth v. GeorgeCommonwealth v. CallahanCommonwealth v. PelierCommonwealth v. FletcherCom. v. JonesCommonwealth v. PalestiniMenkowitz v. Peerless Publ'ns Inc.In re T. W. H.Commonwealth v. CampsCommonwealth v. BakerCommonwealth v. WashingtonCommonwealth v. GardenhireCom. v. CorlissCommonwealth v. MackeyCom. v. JordanMedisys, Inc. v. HunsbergerCom. v. JeudyCom. v. WilliamsCommonwealth v. StarkCommonwealth v. ScottCarpenter v. Master Remodelers, Inc.Commonwealth v. LeWeaver v. Breon, II T.Com. v. JordanCommonwealth v. PultroCommonwealth v. BraeunigCommonwealth v. KahleIn re Adoption Of: A.E.S.Nygaard v. KurtickCommonwealth v. RiddickCom. v. Snyder, JR J.Polett v. Pub. Commc'ns, Inc.Rizzardi v. SpicerCommonwealth v. CanadaCommonwealth v. DixonCom. v. JenkinsFitzgerald v. ComynsBielec v. Am. Int'l Grp., Inc.Com. v. MeekinsCommonwealth v. StewartCom. v. BednarCom. v. BroadwaterCom. v. LosCommonwealth v. DavisCom. v. HymonCommonwealth v. BrisonBank of N.Y. Mellon v. PogonovichIn re F.F.Commonwealth v. KnightOsborne v. OsborneCom. v. ElderIn re ST.M.Commonwealth v. PuryearCom. v. BarnhartCom. v. LopezCom. v. OatesCommonwealth v. HallidayCom. v. BellImhoff v. DeemerCom. v. LeCommonwealth v. AlyCom. v. FletcherIcom v. RudoiCom. v. HansenCom. v. BanksCommonwealth v. SmithCommonwealth v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. DelgrosCom. v. GarnerCommonwealth v. ShulerBauer v. BauerCommonwealth v. PalaiaCommonwealth v. BurgerChevalier v. Gen. Nutrition Ctrs., Inc.Commonwealth v. VinsonCommonwealth v. KnippschildIn re St. M.Com. v. CoolCommonwealth v. ProvanceCommonwealth v. CorbettCom. v. HenryIn re EstateCom. v. PatelGriffin v. Abington Mem'l Hosp.Commonwealth v. GeathersCom. v. FulgerCommonwealth v. ScottCommonwealth v. WashingtonCommonwealth v. BrownCommonwealth v. HolmesCommonwealth v. BeyThomas A. Robinson Family Ltd. P'ship v. BioniCom. v. AlleyneCom. v. BeyCommonwealth v. WaltersIn re A.M.Com. v. BrownWilmington Sav. Fund Soc'y v. 7327A W. Chester Pike, LPCommonwealth v. AyalaIn re B.B.Com. v. JonesCommonwealth v. SperberCommonwealth v. BroadwaterCommonwealth v. ClarkeCommonwealth v. FairmanCommonwealth v. WalkerCommonwealth v. FergusonCommonwealth v. DarrochCommonwealth v. GeterD.B. v. J.B.Com. v. Jordan-MontanezCommonweatlh v. GlassCom. v. RussawCom. v. ZitoCom. v. DukesCom. v. TunsilFerraro v. M&M Ins.Estate v. PNC BankCommonwealth v. KeysCom. v. PrattIn re M.X.O.Commonwealth v. MillerCommonwealth v. SmithCom. v. HeppdingCom. v. MansfieldDunbar Asphalt Prods., Inc. v. Gem Bldg. Contractors & Developers, Inc.Com. v. SadikCom. v. DelgrosIn re Estate of CropperCommonwealth v. HickmanCommonwealth v. OnzikCom. v. DeshieldsTurner v. Helen of Troy, L.P.Commonwealth v. HummelFerraro v. M & M Ins. Grp., Inc.Com. v. WoodruffIn re S.D.M.Com. v. CintronCommonwealth v. WhiteWilmington Sav. v. 7327a W. Chester PKCommonwealth v. DandarCom. v. WellsCom. v. HooksCom. v. CannonCommonwealth v. ScottCommonwealth v. DukesCommonwealth v. MahmudCommonwealth v. DanielsCom. v. HammondCom. v. HoodFriedman v. Wayne Ctr.F.A.N. v. S.U.Commonwealth v. TooleCommonwealth v. GarciaCom. v. TooleCommonwealth v. MartinCommonwealth v. DukesCommonwealth v. MooreCommonwealth v. JacksonCommonwealth v. WardCommonwealth v. BlauserCommonwealth v. Rosado-SalgadoNiverth v. Equitrans L.P.Commonwealth v. HymonCommonwealth v. DixonRetina Assocs. of Greater Phila., Ltd. v. Retinovitreous Assocs., Ltd.Com. v. VelasquezCom. v. BraeunigJP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. WaldronCom. v. JonesCommonwealth v. TaylorCommonwealth v. WigginsIn re V.R.C.Novak v. Somerset Hosp.Commonwealth v. RudoiCom. v. DavisCommonwealth v. IrvinCommonwealth v. CoolCommonwealth v. CookCommonwealth v. FarrowFriedman v. Bryn Mawr Hosp.Commonwealth v. HaynickCom. v. HallidayCom. v. WoodsCom. v. HornCom. v. HickmanCom. v. CharlesCom. v. SavageCom. v. FergusonCom. v. HortonCom. v. O'DohertyCom. v. LivingstonCommonwealth v. KralovicCommonwealth v. StevensCommonwealth v. CannonCommonwealth v. Ramos-AyalaCommonwealth v. AnthonyCommonwealth v. LydeIn re Rosemary C. Ford Inter Vivos Qtip TrustByers v. LiggettCom. v. WilliamsIn re M.S.D.In re Adoption E.V.Commonwealth v. MageeCommonwealth v. JordanCommonwealth v. ZitoNLG, LLC v. 9197-5904 Quebec, Inc.Com. v. GillMarom Invs., LLC v. AzizCommonwealth v. HallCommonwealth v. WhalleyCommonwealth v. MirandaCom. v. AyersCommonwealth v. PlummerCommonwealth v. JohnsonIn re M.M.-A.Com. v. HolmesCom. v. CampsCom. v. HartCom. v. HeisermanCommonwealth v. ColonIn re M.L.In re Adoption Of: J.M.W.Com. v. BrileyCommonwealth v. SavageCom. v. GeorgeCom. v. ThompsonIn re J.R.M.Commonwealth v. HoltCom. v. ScottWeaver v. BreonCom. v. KralovicFriedman v. Bryn Mawr Hosp.In re N.M.S.Maverick Steel Co. v. Dick Corp.Com. v. JohnsonCom. v. CraftCommonwealth v. LavellaUnited Envtl. Grp., Inc. v. GKK McKnight, LPCommonwealth v. SantosCommonwealth v. PennixCommonwealth v. JeudyCommonwealth v. SloanCommonwealth v. SeekinsT.D. v. ReeseCom. v. TuckerCom. v. AngelesHodge v. Aramark Healthcare Support Servs., LLCCommonwealth v. StubbsCommonwealth v. Baker-MyersChevalier v. Gen. Nutrition Ctrs., Inc.Flanagan v. Mine Run, Inc.Com. v. SloanCommonwealth v. BrownIn re P.E.Com. v. VearnonIn re ColumbiaIn re A.F.Commonwealth v. DrescherIn re Estate of MoraneGresh v. GreshCom. v. GarciaCommonwealth v. AlleyneCom. v. LavellaCommonwealth v. CraftSnitow v. SnitowIn re A.F.In re B.S.Commonwealth v. WoodruffCom. v. LewisCom. v. MccalpinCom. v. MirandaCom. v. GillIn re V.R.C.Com. v. AmosCommonwealth v. HeisermanCom. v. KaneCommonwealth v. ThompsonCommonwealth v. AdamsIn re S.M.Com. v. WardCommonwealth v. HansenCommonwealth v. McClentonCommonwealth v. HintonCommonwealth v. ChaviousCom. v. HallCommonwealth v. QuijanoIn re I.M.Com. v. IrvinCom. v. LydeCom. v. JohnsonCommonwealth v. KaneCom. v. McarthurCom. v. Stubbs, III H.Com. v. ScottCom. v. GravesCom. v. MartinD.B. v. J.B.Com. v. JohnsonCom. v. RobinsonIcehouse, LLC v. ScottIn re Adoption Of: M.L.M.Com. v. WiniavskiNovak v. Somerset Hosp.Commonwealth v. KnottCom. v. BlackwellCom. v. HouseCom. v. JonesCommonwealth v. BaldwinPlum Prop. v. TradingCom. v. LewisK.S.A. v. H.B.Com. v. MichalidesCommonwealth v. RiddickAm. Winter Servs., LLC v. Limerick Vill., LPCommonwealth v. JordanCommonwealth v. PeraltaCommonwealth v. WrightCommonwealth v. Williams