Viking Industrial Security

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 30, 1998

327 N.L.R.B. 146 (N.L.R.B. 1998)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 146
Viking Industrial Security, Inc. and Additional Re-
spondent, Viking Security Inc., a/k/a Viking In-
dustrial Security, Inc.1 and Allied International
Union. Cases 29–CA–14365, 29–CA–14370, 29–
CA–14489, and 29–CA–14490
November 30, 1998
SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS FOX, LIEBMAN, AND BRAME
On May 13, 1996, Administrative Law Judge Ray-
mond P. Green issued the attached supplemental deci-
sion. The Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting
brief, and the General Counsel filed a brief in support of
the judge’s decision.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs2 and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings,3 findings,4 and conclusions
and to adopt the recommended Order as modified.5
1. We affirm the judge’s conclusion that Viking New
York and Viking New Jersey constituted a single-
integrated enterprise at the time the original unfair labor
practices occurred and thus that Viking New Jersey is
derivatively liable for the unfair labor practices previ-
ously found and for the backpay amount determined in
the instant decision by the judge. In so doing, we note
that the judge did not specifically discuss each of the four
factors considered by the Board, and approved by the
Supreme Court, in determining whether two employers
constitute a single employer. These factors are: (1) inter-
relation of operations; (2) common management; (3)
centralized control of labor relations; and (4) common
ownership. South Prairie Construction v. Operating
Engineers Local 627, 425 U.S. 800, 802 (1976) (per cu-
riam); Radio Union Local 1264 v. Broadcast Service,
380 U.S. 255, 256 (1965) (per curiam); Emsing’s Super-
market, Inc., 284 NLRB 302 (1987). As the Board noted
in Emsing’s, none of these factors, alone, is controlling,
and not all of them need to be present. Id. at 302. Find-
ing single-employer status ultimately depends on “all the
circumstances of the case.” Id., citing Blumenfeld Thea-
tres Circuit, 240 NLRB 206, 215 (1979), enfd. 626 F.2d
865 (9th Cir. 1980). The fundamental inquiry is whether
there exists overall control of critical matters at the pol-
icy level. Id. and cases cited therein. Thus, we now con-
sider the application of the above factors to the instant
case.

1 We have modified the case caption used by the administrative law
judge to more accurately conform to the name of the Respondent.
2 The Respondent has requested oral argument. The request is de-
nied as the record, exceptions, and briefs adequately present the issues
and the positions of the parties.
3 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge’s credibility
findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule an adminis-
trative law judge’s credibility resolutions unless the clear preponder-
ance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect.
Standard Dry Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362
(3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record and find no
basis for reversing the findings. Additionally, the Respondent asserts
that the judge’s findings are a result of bias. After a careful examina-
tion of the entire record, we are satisfied that this allegation is without
merit.
4 We note that the judge incorrectly stated that Ralph Day signed a
collective-bargaining agreement on behalf of Viking New York on
March 1, 1990. The record indicates that Day signed a collective-
bargaining agreement on behalf of Viking New Jersey on March 1,
1990. This error by the judge does not affect our decision. The judge
also inadvertently stated that discriminatee Israel Marrero’s earnings
from Marriott Corporation in the first quarter of 1991 were $114; the
correct amount is $168 (the judge states the correct amount in his ap-
pendix detailing the amount of backpay).
5 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order to provide for the
payment of interest on the backpay amount.
Briefly, Viking New York was formed in April 1987
by Allan Larson, and was engaged in the business of
providing security guard services. Ralph Day was hired
in late 1987 or early 1988, and at the time he was hired
Day put several thousand dollars into Viking New York.
Day was given the title of vice president, and was given
supervisory authority over the security guards. Day testi-
fied that at some point in 1988, he and Larson decided to
form another guard company in New Jersey where they
would be partners, and to that end Viking New Jersey
was incorporated on May 12, 1988.6
The two companies eventually separated. Although
Day testified that the separation occurred in 1988, the
judge found that it did not occur until some time after
employee Marrero had been discharged from Viking
New York on September 23, 1989, which discharge has
been found to violate Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act
in the underlying unfair labor practice proceeding.7
Regarding interrelation of operations, the two compa-
nies held themselves out to the public as one company.
They both used the same corporate name and the same
letterhead, which displayed the name “Viking Industrial
Security, Inc.,” and then listed both the New York and
the New Jersey addresses. There was nothing to indicate
that the New York and New Jersey addresses represented
two separate companies, and, in fact, testimony revealed
that Larson and Day wanted the public to believe that
Viking Industrial Security, Inc. was one company with
two different locations. Day testified that he did not
cease using this letterhead until the end of 1989. The
two companies also shared at least two clients, and used
the same accountant and payroll service.
Regarding common management, Day had supervisory
authority over employees at both companies, including
the authority to hire, fire, interview, schedule, and train
employees. Day continued to be an active participant in
6 Both companies had as their official name “Viking Industrial Secu-
rity, Inc.”
7 The judge’s decision in the underlying proceeding issued on Sep-
tember 17, 1991. No exceptions were filed to his decision and, pursu-
ant to Sec. 10(c) of the Act, the Board adopted the judge’s findings and
conclusions on October 25, 1991.
327 NLRB No. 43
VIKING INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 147
Viking New York even after Viking New Jersey was
incorporated. For example, in the underlying unfair la-
bor practice case, Day was found to be the individual
who committed the unfair labor practices in the fall of
1989, which included interrogating employees, threaten-
ing employees with discharge, and discharging Marrero.
Larson was a consultant for Day at Viking New Jersey
and helped train Day’s guard dogs.
Regarding centralized control of labor relations, Day
signed a recognition agreement between Viking New
York and Local 213, Security Union on June 5, 1989,
and negotiated and signed a collective-bargaining agree-
ment between Viking New Jersey and Local 213 on
March 1, 1990. As noted above, Day interviewed, hired
and fired employees at both companies, and committed
the unfair labor practices in the underlying proceeding.
Regarding common ownership, on Viking New York’s
1988 tax return, both Larson and Day were listed as offi-
cers and as each owning 50 percent of the corporate
stock. Day contributed several thousand dollars to Vi-
king New York and held the position of vice president.
The initial Certificate of Incorporation for Viking New
Jersey listed the two directors as being Larson and Day,
and the 1988 Viking New Jersey tax return listed both
Larson and Day as officers, with each owning 50 percent
of the stock. Thereafter, the 1989 Viking New Jersey tax
return listed Day as owning only 50 percent of the stock,
and did not list the owner of the other 50 percent of the
stock.8 As noted by the judge, there was no documentary
evidence presented indicating if and when Larson was no
longer involved with Viking New Jersey. The 1989 tax
return for Viking New York listed Larson as the sole
owner.
Thus, we find that the General Counsel has established
that the two companies had an interrelation of operations,
common management and control of labor relations, and
at least initial common ownership with no definitive
break in that common ownership as of the time of the
unfair labor practices in the underlying proceeding. Ac-
cordingly, based on the above and on the reasons cited
by the judge, we agree with the judge that Viking New
York and Viking New Jersey constituted a single-
integrated enterprise under Board law as of the time of
Marrero’s unlawful discharge, and thus that Viking New

8 The Respondent in its exceptions contends that Girasole, the ac-
countant for both Viking New York and Viking New Jersey, testified
that Day was the sole stockholder of Viking New Jersey in 1989, and
that the 1989 corporate tax return corroborated this testimony. As
noted above, however, the 1989 tax return for Viking New Jersey listed
Day as owning only 50 percent of the company’s stock, and did not
indicate the owner of the other 50 percent. The Respondent also con-
tends that Girasole testified that that the “50%” was a clerical error;
however, his testimony regarding such a clerical error applied specifi-
cally only to Viking New Jersey’s 1990 tax return. Girasole was not
asked specifically about the 1989 tax return concerning its listing of
Day as owning only 50 percent of Viking New Jersey’s stock.
Jersey is derivatively liable for the unfair labor practices
previously found.
2. The Respondent argued before the judge that the
backpay period should end as of December 10, 1990, the
date that Viking New York went out of business, con-
tending that even if discriminatee Marrero had not been
unlawfully discharged on September 23, 1989, he would
have lost his job when Viking New York ceased doing
business.9 We agree with the judge’s rejection of this
argument. Because Viking New York and Viking New
Jersey constituted a single-integrated enterprise as of the
time of Marrero’s unlawful discharge, it was incumbent
on Viking New York and/or Viking New Jersey to offer
reinstatement to Marrero in order to terminate the back-
pay liability.10 The judge also rejected the Respondent’s
argument that Marrero would not have commuted from
his home in Brooklyn, New York, to a job in New Jersey,
stating that it was not clear what Marrero would have
done because he was not offered the chance of such em-
ployment. Thus, the judge ordered Viking New Jersey to
make an unconditional offer of employment to Marrero
and stated that until it did so, it would remain liable for
additional backpay. The judge also calculated the Re-
spondent’s backpay liability up to December 31, 1994.11
After Viking New York went out of business on De-
cember 10, 1990, it was sold to another company,
Roundstone, which hired “most or all” of Viking New
York’s employees. Roundstone then went out of busi-
ness on February 10, 1992. Our dissenting colleague
argues that backpay should be tolled as of the date that
Roundstone went out of business. He bases this argu-
ment on the theory that to hold that Viking New Jersey
has a continuing obligation for backpay and reinstate-
ment to Marrero would place Marrero in a better position
than the other employees of Viking New York, who lost
their jobs when Roundstone lawfully shut down.
In responding to our dissenting colleague’s position,
we note first that the Board imposes derivative liability
on parties that are found to constitute a single employer.
JMC Transport, 283 NLRB 554, 560 (1987); Commis-
sary of Great Race Pizza Shoppes, 277 NLRB 1175,
1176 (1985); Coast Delivery Service, 198 NLRB 1026,
1027 (1972). Thus, on a finding that a single-integrated
enterprise exists, each employer within the enterprise is
subject to liability. Great Race, above at 1176 fn. 3.
Therefore, in the instant case, although Viking New York
lawfully went out of business on December 10, 1990,
9 There is no contention that Viking New York’s cessation of opera-
tions was unlawful.
10 In view of our agreement with the judge in this regard, we find it
unnecessary to rely on his additional reasoning that it was probable that
Marrero would have continued to be employed after December 10,
1990, because after Viking New York went out of business it was sold
to another company, Roundstone, which hired most or all of Viking
New York’s employees.
11 The General Counsel’s second amended backpay specification
calculated the backpay owed only to December 31, 1994.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 148
Viking New Jersey continues to operate and accordingly
is still subject to liability for the unfair labor practices
committed against Marrero by virtue of its status as a
single employer with Viking New York. Great Race,
above at 1176 (although the respondent that had commit-
ted the unfair labor practices had ceased operations and
was declared bankrupt, Great Race, which had been
found to constitute a single employer with that respon-
dent, continued in operation and was therefore liable for
the backpay owed).12
Further, in disagreeing with our dissenting colleague’s
argument that the Respondent’s reinstatement and back-
pay obligation should be tolled as of the date that Round-
stone went out of business, we note that Roundstone had
no obligation to remedy the unfair labor practices com-
mitted against Marrero.13 To the extent that Marrero
could have been employed at some point by Roundstone,
Roundstone would have been acting in the capacity of an
interim employer. Our colleague, however, has made
Roundstone the relevant employer for the purpose of
assessing Marrero’s entitlement to reinstatement and
backpay. But Marrero’s theoretical employment and
subsequent termination by Roundstone would not have
ended Viking New Jersey’s continuing obligation to of-
fer reinstatement to Marrero, any more than his employ-
ment by any other employers during the backpay period
would have. Further, although it may be true, as asserted
by our colleague, that the other employees of Viking
New York lost their jobs when Roundstone went out of
business, those employees, unlike Marrero, did not have
outstanding unfair labor practices committed against
them that had not yet been remedied despite the contin-
ued existence of one of the liable parties.14
Finally, we also agree with the judge that the Respon-
dent’s argument that Marrero would not have commuted
from Brooklyn, New York, to New Jersey should be re-

12 See also Williams Motor Transfer, 284 NLRB 1496, 1497 (1987),
where the Board, in discussing generally the need to address unresolved
derivative liability issues in that case (such as whether any other em-
ployer was liable as an alter ego or single employer with the respon-
dent) at future compliance proceedings, stated, “if the General CounseI
is unable to establish such derivative liability, [the discriminatee] will
not be entitled to reinstatement except on the Respondent’s resumption
of the same or substantially similar operations . . . .”
13 There was no contention that Roundstone was a successor, alter
ego, or single employer with Viking New York.
14 Throughout the time that Roundstone operated (December 1990—
February 10, 1992), Viking New Jersey’s obligation was to make a
bona fide offer of employment to Marrero and to give him backpay.
Had such an offer been made at that time, one of two events would
have occurred: Marrero either would have accepted employment at
Viking New Jersey or Marrero would have declined such employment.
In either case, Viking New Jersey’s liability would have ended. But
Viking New Jersey’s obligation to make such an offer existed inde-
pendent of Roundstone’s existence. Further, in the absence of such an
offer having been made, its liability continued and it cannot escape that
liability by the fortuitous circumstance that Roundstone went out of
business before Viking New Jersey ever made the bona fide offer that it
was obligated to make.
jected. The geographic distance between Viking New
York and Viking New Jersey does not affect Viking New
Jersey’s continuing obligation to offer reinstatement to
Marrero. Cerro CATV Devices, 237 NLRB 1153, 1157
(1978) (although the respondent no longer operated its
Oxford, Alabama plant, where the unfair labor practice
had occurred, the Board ordered the respondent to offer
the discriminatee reinstatement to its Freehold, New Jer-
sey plant); see also Daka, Inc., 310 NLRB 201 fn. 1
(1993) (Cerro cited approvingly).
For the foregoing reasons, we find, contrary to our dis-
senting colleague, that Viking New Jersey has a continu-
ing obligation to make an unconditional offer of em-
ployment to Marrero and that until it does so, it shall
remain liable for additional backpay. Accordingly, we
adopt the judge’s recommended Order as modified be-
low.
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge and
orders that the Respondent, Viking Industrial Security,
Inc. and Viking Security Inc., a/k/a Viking Industrial
Security, Inc., Brooklyn, New York and Demerast, New
Jersey, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
take the action set forth in the Order as modified.
1. Substitute the following for paragraph 4.
“3. The amount of backpay owed Israel Marrero from
September 23, 1989, through December 31, 1994, is
$20,388.60, plus interest computed in the manner de-
scribed in New Horizons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB
1173 (1987), minus tax withholdings required by Federal
and state laws.”

MEMBER BRAME, dissenting in part.
I agree with my colleagues that Viking New York and
Viking New Jersey constituted a single-integrated enter-
prise at the time the original unfair labor practices oc-
curred and that thus Viking New Jersey is derivatively
liable for those unfair labor practices. I dissent, however,
from their agreement with the judge that because Viking
New York and Viking New Jersey constituted a single-
integrated enterprise as of the time of discriminatee Mar-
rero’s unlawful discharge, each company had a continu-
ing responsibility to offer reinstatement to Marrero, in
the absence of the other company doing so, in order to
terminate the backpay liability. Accordingly, I further
dissent from the view that Viking New Jersey is still ob-
ligated to make an unconditional offer of employment to
Marrero and that until it does so, it shall remain liable for
additional backpay.
Contrary to my colleagues, I would find that backpay
should be tolled as of February 10, 1992, the date that
Roundstone lawfully went out of business after taking
over Viking New York in December 1990. The record
indicates that Roundstone hired most or all of Viking
VIKING INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 149
New York’s employees when it took over Viking New
York. Further, there is no evidence that any of Viking
New York’s employees went to work for Viking New
Jersey after Viking New York closed, or after Round-
stone closed. Thus, if Marrero had not been unlawfully
discharged by Viking New York on September 23, 1989,
it appears that he, along with all the other Viking New
York employees, would have been employed by Round-
stone once Roundstone took over Viking New York.
Accordingly, he also would have lawfully been out of
work once Roundstone closed on February 10, 1992.
Thus, I would find that Viking New York’s backpay li-
ability ended as of the date that its employees lawfully
would no longer have work, which is the date that
Roundstone closed.
Viking New Jersey, as a single-integrated enterprise
with Viking New York, only has a backpay/reinstatement
liability to the extent that Viking New York does. As a
general rule, the Board’s traditional remedy of a make-
whole order of reinstatement and backpay when an em-
ployee has been discharged in violation of the Act is un-
dertaken in order to return the employee to the status quo
that would have existed absent the unfair labor practice.
See generally Phelps Dodge Corp. v. NLRB, 313 U.S.
177, 194 (1941). The Board does not intend that its
make-whole remedy will accord a discriminatee greater
rights than those to which he would have been entitled
but for the discrimination against him. Memphis Truck
& Trailer, 284 NLRB 900 (1987); Steelcon, 266 NLRB
881 (1983).15 In the absence of evidence that any of Vi-
king New York’s employees went to work for Viking
New Jersey, however, my colleagues’ adoption of the
judge’s recommended Order providing that Marrero is
entitled to receive backpay and reinstatement past the
date that Roundstone closed places Marrero in a better
position than the other Viking New York employees, and
in a better position than if he had not been discharged.
This rests on speculation, which “register[s] no weight
on the substantial evidence scale.” NLRB v. Peninsula
General Hospital Medical Center, 36 F.3d 1262,1269
(4th Cir. 1994), quoted in Coronet Foods v. NLRB, No.
97–1087, slip op. at 23 (4th Cir. 1998). Thus, I would
find that Viking New Jersey’s liability ended when Vi-
king New York’s liability would have ended, which is
when its employees lawfully would have lost their jobs
with Roundstone. Accordingly, I would toll the Respon-
dent’s backpay and reinstatement liability as of February
10, 1992, and would modify the judge’s recommended
Order to that effect.

15 Further, the obligation to offer reinstatement and backpay is rebut-
table. Pacemaker Driver Service, 290 NLRB 405 (1988).
Maggie Kappelman, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Richard E. Miller, Esq. and Sharon Siegel, Esq., for the Re-
spondent.
SUPPLEMENTAL DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
RAYMOND P. GREEN, Administrative Law Judge. This
case was tried in Brooklyn, New York, on October 23 to 25,
1995, and on January 25, 1996.
This is a supplemental hearing to determine the backpay of
Israel Marrero for the loss of any earnings he may have suf-
fered as a result of his discharge on September 23, 1989.
The original backpay specification was issued on July 2,
1994, an amended specification was issued on March 24, 1995,
and a second amended specification was issued on January 25,
1995. The last amendment was made at the hearing and, in part,
extended the backpay calculations to the end of 1994 based on
more recent information gathered after the original and first
amended specification had been issued. Also, the second
amendment recalculated Marrero's admitted interim earnings
based on pay stubs and tax information obtained by the General
Counsel after the hearing opened. Although the names of the
interim employers were essentially the same as in the initial
specification, there were some additional amounts of interim
earnings conceded as well as some modifications which re-
duced interim earnings from some of Marrero's postdischarge
employers.
The underlying case was heard by an administrative law
judge (ALJ), on October 22 to 24, 1990, and he issued his deci-
sion on September 17, 1991. As no appeal was taken, his deci-
sion was adopted by the Board. The court of appeals enforced
the Board's Order on September 15, 1992. The backpay specifi-
cation, as amended at the hearing, alleges:
1. That Viking Industrial Security Inc. and Viking Security
Inc. are corporations, having common ownership, officers,
directors, and operations and that they constituted a single-
integrated enterprise. It is therefore alleged that each is jointly
and severally liable to comply with the terms of the underlying
Board Order including offering reinstatement to and making
whole Marrero.
2. That the backpay period began on September 23, 1989, the
date of Marrero's discharge and continues indefinitely until a
valid offer of reinstatement is made to him.
3. That the measure of gross backpay is Marrero's hourly rate
multiplied by 40-hours week. At the time of his discharge, Mar-
rero's rate of pay was $5 per hour.
4. That the total backpay as of the fourth quarter of 1994—
$23,599.35.
On the entire record, including my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and after considering the briefs filed
by the parties, I make the following
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS
I. THE SINGLE-EMPLOYER ISSUE AND DERIVATIVE
LIABILITY
Although the original unfair labor practice case was against
Viking Industrial Security Inc., the General Counsel has added,
in the backpay phase of the case, the additional Respondent,
Viking Security Inc., a/k/a Viking Industrial Security Inc. For
purposes of clarity, I shall describe the original Respondent as
the New York company or Viking New York and describe the
added Respondent as the New Jersey company or Viking New
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 150
Jersey. In any event, the General Counsel asserts that these two
companies have been a single-integrated enterprise and are
therefore jointly and severally liable for remedying the unfair
labor practice committed against Marrero.
I should note that the New York company, which the Gen-
eral Counsel agrees has been closed, did not file an answer to
the backpay specification and did not appear at the hearing.
Accordingly, I conclude that Viking New York is jointly and
severally liable for the amount set forth in this decision.
On the other hand, the New Jersey company did appear, and
among other things, contends that it is not a proper party to this
proceeding. It contends that whatever relationship that once
existed between the two companies, that relationship ceased to
exist and that the New Jersey company cannot be held liable for
any unfair labor practices committed by the New York com-
pany.1
The original unfair labor practice case listed the Respondent
as being Viking Industrial Security Inc. It was concluded that
the Respondent was a New York corporation engaged in the
business of providing security guard services and that its prin-
cipal place of business was in Brooklyn, New York.
The events described in that case took place during a period
from late spring through September 1989. Marrero was fired on
September 23, 1989, because of his activities on behalf of the
Union. The judge concluded that at the time of those events,
Ralph Day was a corporate officer and supervisor of the New
York company. He also concluded that Day was the person
who committed the unfair labor practices.
The New York company's 1987 tax returns indicates that it
was formed in April 1987 by Allan Larson. Ralph Day was
hired by that company in late 1987 or early 1988. At the time
that he became associated with Viking New York, Day put a
couple of thousand dollars into the company and within a short

1 The Respondent notes that in the underlying unfair labor practice
proceeding, the Company’s then attorney, Mr. Elman, stated that “in
the prior representation case that the National Labor Relations Board
and the petitioner at that time specifically excluded any involvement of
Viking Security of New Jersey from anything having to do with that
case and that was discussed in detail in the underlying arguments.”
Respondent asserts that in an exchange between Elman and the judge, it
was understood that no issue of single employer was involved in the
litigation.
Respondent asserts that the reference to the position of the parties in
the representation case and the underlying unfair labor practice case,
shows that the Charging Party and the General Counsel were aware that
a company called Viking Industrial Security Inc., operating in New
Jersey, was in existence and that as they could and should have litigated
the relationship at that time they have waived all rights to litigate that
issue in the present backpay proceeding. I do not agree.
Even if the Union had been aware of the existence of the New Jersey
company, it sought an election amongst the New York employees and
in that context the relationship of the New York company to the New
Jersey company was irrelevant in the representation case. For even if
the two companies could have been considered a “single employer,”
that would not preclude the Union from seeking an election in a sepa-
rate unit of New York employees. Further, the brief exchange between
Elman and the judge in the underlying unfair labor practice case, hardly
shows that the General Counsel or the Charging Party “waived” any
rights to assert that two employers constituted an alter ego or a single
employer if and when such an issue became relevant. Obviously, at the
time of the unfair labor practice proceeding, the Respondent was, from
all appearances, a viable company which would have been able to meet
any possible backpay award. There was, therefore, no need to litigate
an issue which was extraneous to the issues of the unfair labor practice
case.
time he was given supervisory functions over the security
guards. Day was given the title of vice president.
Day worked for the New York company during 1988. Al-
though testifying that he never had any shares of Viking New
York, its income tax return for the year ending 1988, lists Lar-
son and Day as partners of the company, with each having a 50-
percent share of the stock.
Day testified that at some point in 1988, he and Larson de-
cided to form another guard company in New Jersey where
they would be partners. To that end, the New Jersey company
was incorporated on May 12, 1988. The certificate of incorpo-
ration lists the name of the company as Viking Industrial Secu-
rity Inc. which is the same name as the New York company. It
lists the two directors as being Allan Larson and Ralph Day.
The address of the company is listed as 15 Christie Street,
Demerast, New Jersey.2
The New Jersey company started out with a couple of cus-
tomers of Viking New York that also had facilities in New
Jersey. (Friedman's Trucking and Ward Trucking). Day began
to split his time between the New York and the New Jersey
companies.
According to Day, at some point during the spring of 1988,
he and Larson decided that they would no longer be partners.
Day testified that he initiated this split and that there was a
verbal agreement to conduct each business as a separate enter-
prise. In this regard, the Respondent introduced into evidence a
copy of a letter dated June 10, 1988, purporting to show that
Larson was resigning as a director of Viking New Jersey, effec-
tive on June 11, 1988. Day, although testifying that he did see
the signed original, could not produce and had no idea where it
might be located. Later in his testimony, Day indicated, in re-
sponse to my questions, that there was nothing in writing either
to show an agreement between him and Larson to be partners or
to break up their partnership.
The tax return for the New Jersey company filed for 1989
lists Day as owning 50 percent of the stock. It does not list who
owns the other 50 percent. (I suppose this would be cited as a
clerical error made by the accountant.) The 1989 tax return for
Viking New York, lists Larson as the sole owner of that com-
pany.
Notwithstanding the asserted separation as having taken
place in June 1988, the evidence shows that a single letterhead
was used by both companies and that they were held out to the
public as a single enterprise having two offices, one in New
York and one in New Jersey. (See for example, G.C. Exh. 11, a
letter sent to a prospective customer in January 1989.) Accord-
ing to Day, he did not cease using this letterhead until the end
of 1989.
According to Day, he spent more and more of his time, dur-
ing 1989, in New Jersey and that except for some consulting
work, and dog training, Larson did not do any work for Viking
New Jersey. However, as noted above, as of August and Sep-
tember 1989, Day was still working at the New York company
and the unfair labor practices were committed by him.
Although both companies used the same accountant and the
same payroll company, there has been no significant inter-
change between the two employers.3
2 Although Day claims that he owns 100 percent of the New Jersey's
stock, this cannot be ascertained from any of the corporate records
which are essentially blank.
3 There is some evidence that a person named Jeffrey Cohen worked
at the New York and the New Jersey companies. Also, an employee
VIKING INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 151
During 1990, Day continued to be involved, at least to some
degree, in the affairs of the New York company. Thus, for ex-
ample, Day testified that he was involved in the negotiations
that resulted in a collective-bargaining agreement that he signed
on behalf the New York company on March 1, 1990. (In 1990,
a Charles Widman had been hired by the New York company
to take over much of the payroll work and some of the other
duties that Day had previously performed.)4
On December 10, 1990, Viking New York closed. According
to Widman, Larson turned over the business to Eugene Man-
ning, the owner of a company called Roundstone Security.
Widman testified that all 5 clients of Viking New York went to
Roundstone and that Roundstone hired him and all 18 of Vi-
king New York's employees. It appears that Roundstone oper-
ated the business for about 14 months.
The evidence in this case shows that for a period of time,
commencing in May 1988, there existed two corporations, one
in New York and one in New Jersey; both of which had the
same name and both having Ralph Day and Alan Larson as
common owners. These two corporations, both of which were
engaged in the same type of business and having some common
customers, and using the same accountant and payroll com-
pany, were held out to the public, particularly prospective cus-
tomers, as a single enterprise. It is my opinion that given this
relationship, the two companies would meet the definition of a
single-integrated enterprise for purposes of Board law. Radio
Union v. Broadcast Service of Mobile, 380 U.S. 255 (1965);
and Blumenfeld Theatres Circuit, 240 NLRB 206, 214–215
(1979), enfd. 626 F.2d 865 (9th Cir. 1980). Emsing's Super-
market, 284 NLRB 302 (1987), enfd. 872 F.2d 1279 (7th Cir.
1989). Il Progresso Italo Americano Publishing Co., 299
NLRB 270, 271 (1990).
There is also no question but that at some point Ralph Day
and Alan Larson parted ways and that the two companies split
from each other. The key question to be asked is when did that
happen? For if, as the Respondent asserts, the split came about
before the unfair labor practices occurred, then Viking New
Jersey would not be liable to remedy them. However, if the
split did not take place until after the unfair labor practices
occurred, then it is my opinion that Viking New Jersey, having
been an integral part of the original Respondent, would be li-
able to remedy the violations, and having incurred a backpay
liability would not be able to slough it off by a subsequent di-
vestiture.
Although Day testified that the separation occurred in early
1988, the documentary evidence is unconvincing and somewhat
contradictory. Thus, the purported letter from Larson indicating
his resignation from Viking New Jersey's board of directors is
unsigned and the original could not be located. Moreover, a
resignation from the board of directors does not necessarily
indicate that his ownership interest has ceased. As noted above,
the tax return for Viking New York for the year ending 1988
(and presumably filed in 1989), lists the owners of that com-

named Charles Widman testified that while employed at the New York
company, another employee, Pete Rodriguez told him that he had
worked at some unknown time, at the New Jersey company.
4 Widman testified that in April 1990, he was present at the meeting
with Larson and Elman. (Day was not present.) He testified that at this
meeting, Elman told Larson that he was going to lose (presumably the
ULP case), and that “the next best thing is to start another company
without your name in it.” He states that Larson thereafter started a
company called Eastern Security which folded on December 10, 1990.
pany as being Alan Larson and Ralph Day. The initial certifi-
cate of incorporation for Viking New Jersey lists Day and Lar-
son as the co-owners, and its tax return for the year ending
1989, lists Day as owning only 50 percent of the Company's
stock. There is no documentary evidence of any kind to indicate
if and when Larson no longer was involved with Viking New
Jersey.
Charles Widman was called as a witness by the General
Counsel and he was hired by Viking New York in or about
September 1989 as a security guard. In my opinion, Widman
was a credible witness who had no interest in the outcome of
this proceeding. Although his testimony is not dispositive, I
think that it has substantial bearing on when the two companies
separated from each other.
Widman testified that in late November 1989, he was pro-
moted by Larson to a supervisory position and he was given the
responsibility, in part, of taking over some of the functions of
Ralph Day, who was starting to spend more and more of his
time in New Jersey. Widman testified that in October 1989 (this
being after the discharge of Marrero), Larson kept asking him
to become part of management, indicating that he did not like
Day and wanted the man away from him. He states that at
around Thanksgiving, Larson said that he was dissatisfied with
Day and wanted to replace Day with Widman. According to
Widman, when he asked why he wanted to get rid of Day inas-
much as they were partners, Larson said that he wanted Day to
stay in New Jersey while Larson would stay in New York. He
testified that at around Christmastime (1989), Larson told him
that he was having union problems, that he felt that the Union
was not good for the men and that he was fighting with the
Union in court. Widman states that Larson told him that he and
Day did not see eye to eye and that they had separated. From
this conversation, Widman got the impression that Larson fired
Day. He testified that by January 1990, Day was not longer
doing any work at the New York company.
Although there remains a degree of uncertainty (in large
measure the result of poor recordkeeping by these companies),
the testimony as a whole including the testimony of Widman,
indicates to me that the two corporations, at the time of Mar-
rero's discharge (September 23, 1989), were commonly con-
trolled, probably commonly owned, and were held out to the
public as a single enterprise. The testimony of Widman con-
vinces me that although there was a separation, the earliest time
that this separation took place was probably at some point after
October 1, 1989, and before Christmas of that same year.
Having concluded that the two corporations constituted a
single enterprise as of the time of Marrero's unlawful discharge,
I conclude that the New Jersey company had incurred a liability
for his backpay, which continued notwithstanding the subse-
quent separation of the two companies. Further, as it is con-
cluded that Viking New Jersey was an integral part of the Re-
spondent in the original unfair labor practice case, the fact that
Viking New Jersey was not made a party in the original case
does not preclude the General Counsel from seeking backpay
from it at the compliance stage of the proceeding. Associated
General Contractors v. NLRB, 929 F.2d 910, 913–915 (2d Cir.
1991); and Coast Delivery Service, 198 NLRB 1026, 1027
(1972). See also Total Property Services, 317 NLRB 975
(1995); and Southeastern Envelope, 246 NLRB 423 (1979).
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 152
II. THE AMOUNT OF BACKPAY
The general principles governing backpay proceedings are
well settled. The finding of an unfair labor practice is presump-
tive proof that some backpay is owed. NLRB v. Mastro Plastics
Corp., 354 F.2d 170, 178 (2d Cir. 1965), cert. denied 384 U.S.
972 (1966). Once the General Counsel has shown the gross
backpay due in the specification, the employer has the burden
of establishing affirmative defenses which would mitigate his
liability, including willful loss of earnings and interim earnings
to be deducted from the backpay award. NLRB v. Brown &
Root, Inc., 311 F.2d 447, 454 (8th Cir. 1963); see also Sioux
Falls Stock Yards Co., 236 NLRB 543 (1978).
At the time of his discharge on September 23, 1989, Marrero
earned $5 per hour and worked a 40-hour week. Based on this,
the General Counsel set her gross backpay claim at $2600 per
quarter, a figure which I conclude is reasonable.
After his discharge, the evidence shows that Marrero worked
at a number of jobs. What is in dispute is whether he quit some
of these jobs without reasonable justification or whether he was
discharged under such circumstances as would limit his back-
pay award. In this respect, the Board in Newport News Ship-
building, 278 NLRB 1030 fn. 1 (1986), held that a discharge
from interim employment will only toll backpay when the Re-
spondent has established that the discharge was for willful or
gross misconduct. It also held that although quitting an interim
job may constitute a willful loss of earnings warranting a reduc-
tion of backpay, the job being quit should be equivalent to the
job that the discriminatee had at the Respondent at the time of
his or her unlawful discrimination. In Ryder Systems, 302
NLRB 608, 610 (1991), enfd. 983 F.2d 705 (6th Cir. 1993), the
Board noted:

The Board has consistently held that discharge from
interim employment, without more, is not enough to con-
stitute willful loss of employment. . . . A respondent must
show deliberate or gross misconduct on the part of the dis-
charged employee in order to establish a willful loss of
employment . . . Elmore may have missed several sched-
uled deliveries, but he committed no offense involving
moral turpitude and his conduct was not otherwise so out-
rageous as to suggest deliberate courting of discharge.
Without such proof, Elmore's discharge from ATS will not
serve as a basis for tolling his backpay. [Citations omit-
ted.]

After his discharge from Viking, for the remainder of the
third quarter of 1989, Marrero was unemployed. His first em-
ployment was at Prompt Temps at which he earned a total of
$600 during the fourth quarter of 1989.
The original backpay specification and the first amended
specification had no interim earnings for the first quarter of
1990 whereas the second amended specification lists Marrero
as being employed for part of the time by Lloyd's Fashions5 and
3J's Home Video, the latter being a small video store owned by
his parents.6 Although the Respondent makes much of this

5 The General Counsel added Lloyd's Fashions as an interim em-
ployer during the hearing and before issuing the second amended back-
pay specification.
6 Marrero worked on several separate occasions at his parent's store
and these periods are reflected in the second amended specification. He
did not work there on a permanent basis because the store was not
always able to support his parents and him at the same time.
discrepancy, it is my opinion, that the difference merely repre-
sents an honest mistake in reporting when he worked.7
The next job that Marrero obtained was at Elmont Cemetery
as a groundskeeper at $5 per hour. He began this job on June 6,
and “quit” on July 7, 1990. This job was a seasonal position
and would have ended, in any event, no later than October 31,
1990.
The Respondent contends that having quit this job, Marrero
incurred a willful loss of earnings. In this regard, Marrero testi-
fied that he quit this job because he was accused by his supervi-
sor of stealing and damaging equipment and that he was sub-
jected to continuous harassment. He testified that these accusa-
tions were not correct and that he left this job rather than get
into trouble by responding angrily to them.
The Respondent put into evidence some records from El-
mont which indicate only that Marrero left his employment
there. There were no records showing why he left and there
were no records indicating that he was ever accused of any kind
of impropriety, much less stealing or damaging equipment.
Victor Delacruz who is employed by Elmont as the office man-
ager was asked to testify by the Respondent and all he could do
was verify Marrero's employment records. Delacruz could not
testify as to Marrero's actual work on the job or if there were
any complaints about his work by his supervisors.
Having acknowledged that he quit his employment at Elmont
Cemetery, the burden shifts from the Respondent to show that
the discriminatee failed to mitigate backpay damages to the
General Counsel to show that the decision to quit was reason-
able. Big Three Industrial Gas, 263 NLRB 1189, 1199 (1982).
See also Florence Printing Co., 158 NLRB 775, 791–792
(1968).
Marrero's testimony regarding his reason for quitting Elmont
Cemetery does not seem all that probable to me. He was a new
employee who was not covered by a union contract having a
grievance/arbitration clause and it seems to me that if he was in
fact accused by his supervisor of stealing and/or damaging
equipment, he would have been summarily fired. Moreover, if
this had been the case, it would seem plausible, if not neces-
sary, that the company would have kept some sort of personnel
record to document the accusation.
In sum, I think that the Respondent has carried its burden of
proof regarding Marrero's Elmont Cemetery employment.
However, as the evidence shows that Marrero was hired on a
seasonal basis and would have been laid off by the end of Oc-
tober 1990, his backpay shall resume after that time. Accord-
ingly, it is my conclusion that Marrero's net loss for the third
quarter of 1990 was $0 and that his net loss for the fourth quar-
ter of 1990 was $2600–$867=$1533.
Marrero next worked at a supermarket called Royal Farms,
Inc. The Respondent contends that Marrero quit this job and
offered into evidence a document from Royal Farms which
showed that his personnel record was marked with a “J” which,
according to Angelina Samuelsen was a code for “walk off.”
Samuelsen, an employee of Royal Farms, did not have any
personnel knowledge of the circumstances that Marrero left and
he testified, without contradiction that he was laid off for lack
of work. Marrero worked at this job for about a month and the
7 Mistakes made by a discriminatee in reporting interim earnings
through “poor record keeping, uncertainty as to memory, and perhaps
exaggeration” are not grounds for disqualifying an employee from
receiving backpay. Kansas Refined Helium Co., 252 NLRB 1156
(1980).
VIKING INDUSTRIAL SECURITY 153
backpay specification, as amended, concedes that he had in-
terim earnings from this job of $512. In this respect, I conclude
that the Respondent has not met its burden of showing that
Marrero quit his job at Royal Farms, Inc.
According to the personnel records of Marriott Corp., Mar-
rero was hired by this company on March 28, 1991, and left on
April 26, 1991. (This is 5 weeks of employment beginning in
the first quarter of 1991 and ending in the second quarter of
1992.) The records show that he was hired on a 40-hour per-
week basis and that his wage rate was $5.25 per hour.
Marrero testified that he was hired by Marriott as a porter to
replace a worker who had a great deal more experience than
him. Marrero testified that his supervisor told him that although
he was a good worker he was not as fast as the man he re-
placed. According to Marrero, he was let go when the man he
replaced came back to work.
The Respondent called William Duggan, an employee of
Marriott, to testify about some records obtained from that com-
pany. Testifying from the records, Duggan stated that during
the time that Marrero worked for Marriott, he was absent 1 or
more days, during 4 of the 5 weeks that he worked. He also
testified that the records show that Marrero had a termination
code 90 which means that no hours of work were submitted to
the payroll department for him over a 7-week period. In this
respect, Duggan said that he could not conjecture that Marrero
had either quit or been fired because he had failed to show up
for 7 weeks. Although indicating that this was a possible infer-
ence, the code 90 did not necessarily mean that either was the
case.
As Duggan did not have any personnel knowledge of the cir-
cumstances that Marrero left Marriott and as the Company's
records do not unambiguously demonstrate either that he quit or
was fired for cause, I shall credit Marrero's version. During the
first quarter of 1991, Marrero's earnings from Marriott were
$114. During the second quarter of 1991, his earnings from
Marriott were $729.75.
Marrero's next employment was at Curran Security where he
worked from the second quarter of 1991 until sometime in the
first quarter of 1992. His interim earnings from this job were
respectively $114, $2545.50, $1950, and $1587 for each of the
quarters that he worked. The Respondent did not dispute any
matters in relation to Marrero's job at Curran Security.
The second amended backpay specification concedes that
Marrero worked at his parents store (3J's Video), from the sec-
ond quarter of 1992 through some portion of the second quarter
of 1993. As it is conceded that his earnings during most of this
time exceeded what he would have earned had he stayed at
Viking, the only quarter for which net backpay is sought is the
second quarter of 1992 when his earnings at 3J's was $1450.
During the fourth quarter of 1993, Marrero got a job at a
company called Multi Plan and earned $480 before being laid
off by that company. Although Respondent points to testimony
of Marrero indicating that he might not have been laid off if he
had worked harder, the Respondent has not shown any evi-
dence which would demonstrate a willful loss of work as de-
fined in Ryder Systems, supra.
The next job obtained by Marrero was at Wells Fargo Guard
Services. He obtained this job during the first quarter of 1994
and worked continuously through the remainder of the year.
Although there was some question as to why he left Wells
Fargo, this need not be resolved in this decision inasmuch as
the second amended backpay specification only calculates
backpay up to December 31, 1994; leaving open any claimed
backpay amounts after that date. In the second quarter of 1994,
Marrero earned $1049.20 whereas in the third, and fourth quar-
ters of 1994, his earnings from Wells Fargo exceeded the
amounts that he would have earned had he not been discharged
from Viking. Accordingly, the net backpay for the third and
fourth quarters of 1994 equals zero.
The Respondent argues that under any circumstances, the
backpay period should be cut off as of December 10, 1990, that
being the date that Viking New York went out of business. He
contends that had Marrero not been discharged in the first
place, he nevertheless would have lost his job when Viking
New York ceased doing business.
There are two reasons why I disagree with the Respondent
on this issue. In the first place, the testimony of Widman was
that after Viking New York went out of business, it was sold to
another company who hired most or all of Viking's employees.
Thus, it is probable that Marrero would have continued to be
employed after December 10, 1990. Second, since I have con-
cluded that Viking New Jersey and Viking New York consti-
tuted a single-integrated enterprise in September 1989 when
Marrero was illegally discharged, it then became incumbent on
Viking New York and/or Viking New Jersey to offer reinstate-
ment to Marrero in order to terminate its backpay liability.
While Respondent asserts that it is clear that Marrero would not
have commuted from Brooklyn to New Jersey, this is not so
clear to me. We do not know what Marrero would have done
because he was not offered such employment.8
On these findings of fact and conclusions of law and on the
entire record, I issue the following recommended9
ORDER
The Respondent, Viking Industrial Security, Inc. and Viking
Security Inc., a/k/a Viking Industrial Security, Inc., Brooklyn,
New York, and Demerast, New Jersey, its officers, agents,
successors, and assigns, shall
1. Viking New York, and Viking New Jersey, constituted a
single-integrated enterprise at the time the original unfair labor
practices occurred, and Viking of New Jersey is derivatively
liable for the unfair labor practices previously found.
2. Viking New York and Viking New Jersey are jointly and
severally liable for the backpay amount determined in this deci-
sion.
3. Viking New Jersey is obligated to make an unconditional
offer of employment to Israel Marrero and until it does so, it
shall remain liable for additional backpay.10

8 Respondent's reliance on Coast Delivery Service, 198 NLRB 1026
(1972), seems to be a bit misplaced. In that case, which was a backpay
proceeding, three additional companies were alleged to be derivatively
liable for the unfair labor practices committed by the original defen-
dant, Coast Delivery Service Inc. The three other corporations were not
named in the original complaint and were only added in the backpay
specification. The administrative law judge, with Board approval,
found that two of the additional companies were not sufficiently related
to the original respondent to be derivitively liable whereas one, West-
ern Transfer, was sufficiently related so as to be liable for the backpay.
Nevertheless, the backpay period was cut off as Coast Delivery and
Western Transfer both ceased operations at the end of December 1968.
9 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board's
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 154
4. The amount of backpay from September 23, 1989, through
December 31, 1994, without counting interest is $20,388.60.
APPENDIX
Backpay owed by Respondents from September 23, 1989, to
December 31, 1994. Gross backpay is based on the fact that
Marrero earned $5 per hour and worked a 40-hour week at
Viking New York. Thus for the third quarter of 1989, his gross
backpay would be $200 and his gross backpay for every suc-
ceeding quarter would be $2600.

Employer Earnings Net Backpay
1989
Q3 None 0 $200
Q4 Prompt Temps $600 2000
1990
Q1 Lloyd’s Fashions 677.50
1950.00

3J’s Video 2627.50 0
Q2 3J’s Video 600.00
558.75

Elmont Cemetery 1158.75 1441.25
Q3 Elmont Cemetery 656.25 & quit 0
Q4 None Quit Elmont 1533.00
But job would
have ended in
October

10 Despite a contention that Elman who represented Viking New
York in the underlying case, may have communicated a reinstatement
offer to Marrero, no definitive evidence of such an offer was made and
Marrero credibly denied that he received such an offer.
1991
Q1 Royal Farms 512.00
168.00

Marriott 680.00 1920.00
Q2 Marriott 729.75
114.00

Curran Security 843.75 1556.25
Q3 Curran Security 2545.50 54.50
Q4 Curran Security 1950.00 650.00
1992
Q1 Curran Security 1587.20 1012.80
Q2 3J’s Video 3000.00 0
Q3 3J’s Video 3250.00 0
Q4 3J’s Video 3000.00 0
1993
Q1 3J’s Video 3000.00 0
Q2 3J’s Video 1450.00 1150.00
Q3 None 0 2600.00
Q4 Multiplan 480 2120.00
1994
Q1 None 0 2600.00
Q2 Wells Fargo 1049.20 1550.80
Q3 Wells Fargo 4560.13 0
Q4 Wells Fargo 3743.63 0

Grand total exclusive of interest: $20,388.60