Montgomery Ward & Co., Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Feb 25, 1964

146 N.L.R.B. 76 (N.L.R.B. 1964)

76 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
2. Take the following affirmative action which I find will effectuate the policies
of the Act:
(a) Post at its meeting hall or halls, where employees of Wright Line Division of
Barry Wright Corporation who are members of Respondent meet, copies of the
attached notice marked "Appendix." 3 Copies of said notice, to be furnished. by
the Regional Director of the First Region ( Boston , Massachusetts ), shall, after
being duly signed by an authorized representative of the Respondent , be posted by
it immediately upon receipt thereof , and be maintained by it for a period of 60
consecutive days thereafter , in conspicuous places, including all places where notices
to its members are customarily posted . Reasonable steps shall be taken by the
Respondent to insure that said notices are not altered , defaced , or covered by any
other material . Supply the Company with properly signed copies of said notice for
posting by the Company at the Company 's premises.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for the First Region , in writing , within 20 days
from the date of this Decision and Recommended Order , what steps the Respondent
has taken to comply , herewith.4
sin the event that this Recommended Order shall be adopted by the Board , the words
"A Decision and Order" shall be substituted for the words "The Recommended Order of a
Trial Examiner" in the notice . In the further event that the Board 's Order be enforced by
a decree of a United States Court of Appeals , the words "A Decree of the United States
Court of Appeals , Enforcing an Order" shall be substituted for the words "A Decision
and Order."
4In the event that this Recommended Order is adopted by the Board , this provision
shall be modified to read: "Notify said Regional Director , in writing , within 10 days
from the date of this Order , what steps the Respondent has taken to comply herewith."
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO ALL MEMBERS OF UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA , AFL-CIO
Pursuant to the Recommended Order of a Trial Examiner of the National Labor
Relations Board , and in order to effectuate the policies of the National Labor Rela
tions Act, as amended , we hereby notify you that:
WE WILL NOT inflict or threaten to inflict bodily injury on the employees of
Wright Line Division of Barry Wright Corporation , or inflict property damage
on them or threaten such damage.
WE WILL NOT block the entrance to said company 's plant or prevent (by
means of threats or other coercive conduct ) the entrance to or exit from
said company 's premises.
WE WILL NOT in any manner restrain or coerce employees in the- exercise of
rights guaranteed them in Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, as
amended.
UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA , AFL-CIO,
Labor Organization.
Dated------------------- By-------------------------------(Title)-----
( Representative
This notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting,
and must not be altered , defaced , or covered by any other material.
Employees may communicate directly with the Board 's Regional Office, Boston
Five Cents Savings Bank Building , 24 School Street, Boston , Massachusetts, Tele-
phone No . 523-8100 , if they have any question concerning this notice or compliance
with its provisions.
Montgomery Ward & Co., Incorporated and Richard J. Pisarski
and Local 164, International Brotherhood of Teamsters,'Chauf-
feurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America , Ind. Cases Nos.
7-CA-3937 and 7-CA-3958. February 25, 1964
DECISION AND ORDER
On May 6, 1963, 'Trial Examiner W. Edwin Youngblood issued his
Intermediate Report in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that
146 NLRB No. 1.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 77
the Respondent had engaged in and was engaging in certain unfair
labor practices, and recommending that it cease and desist therefrom
and take certain affirmative action, as set forth in the attached Inter-
mediate Report. He further found that the Respondent had not en-
gaged in certain other unfair labor practices alleged in the complaint
and recommended that such allegations be dismissed. Thereafter, the
Respondent and the General Counsel filed exceptions to the Inter-
mediate Report and supporting briefs.
The -Board has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner made
at the hearing and finds that no prejudicial error was committed.
The rulings are hereby affirmed. The Board has considered the entire
record in these cases, including the Intermediate Report and the ex-
ceptions and briefs, and hereby adopts the Trial Examiner's findings,
conclusions, and recommendations, as modified herein.
1. We find, in agreement with the Trial Examiner, that Supervisor
Shankin unlawfully interrogated employee Pisarski and threatened
Pisarski and employee Bobcean with reprisals because of their union
activities, and that the Respondent thereby violated Section 8(a) (1)
of the Act.
2. We also agree with the Trial Examiner that the remarks made to
employee Enders by the Respondent's district manager on October 6,
1962, did not constitute a violation of the Act.
The evidence shows that Mary Enders is a clerk employed in the
service department at the Respondent's Adrian, Michigan, store. Her
office is separated from the store entrance by a counter. Behind her
office is the workroom where appliances are serviced. Enders' duties
require her to take customers' orders for servicing appliances and to
make out work orders scheduling the work of servicemen.
On August 24, Ward, an appliance serviceman, was laid off, al-
legedly because there was insufficient work for him and the one other
serviceman. Ward filed a grievance with the Union, which is the
representative of the Respondent's employees in a unit including
Enders and the appliance servicemen. Business Agent Seegert, in
investigating the grievance, went to see Enders, and asked her how
much work was pending and whether there was enough work for two
men. In compliance with Seegert's inquiry, Enders looked over the
work orders, some of which were on the wall back of her desk, visible
but not readable from the other side of the counter, and she there-
upon gave Seegert the information that- there were "quite a few
work orders pending there," and added her opinion that these orders
were "more than.one man could take care of."
On October 6, Seegert discussed the Ward grievance with Smith,
the Respondent's district manager, and informed Smith that he had
talked with Enders, who told him there were "quite a few" pending
work orders. In the course of their discussion, Smith showed some
78' DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
of the work orders to Seegert. Thereafter, Smith called Enders into
the room, and asked if she had told Seegert about the pending work
orders. When she answered that she had done so, he told her she was
"on the spot." Enders stated that she thought, when the union rep-
resentative questioned her about something like that, she was sup-
posed to answer him. Smith replied that she was not to give out any
information about work orders to anyone, and she was "on the spot"
if she did.
The Respondent contends, in effect, that the work orders were its
property and that it had the right to control the disclosure of their
contents. The General Counsel contends that Enders had the right
under the Act to assist her union in processing the grievance by sup-
plying information from her Employer's records, and that the Re-
spondent violated the Act by instructing her not to do so.
. The issue presented is one which requires an evalution of conflict-
ing rights and policies-the Employer's right to regulate the use of
his own property, in this instance his work orders or records, on the
one hand, as against the right of a bargaining representative to receive
information enabling it to process a grievance on behalf of an em-
employee in the unit. Although the courts have recognized that "some
dislocation of property rights may be necessary in order to safe-
guard the rights of collective bargaining," 1 such dislocation, if it is
to occur, must be soundly based.
The Board has held that a collective-bargaining representative has
a right, under Section 7 of the Act, to obtain information necessary
for the processing of a grievance .2 Moreover, in the instant case, the
information contained in the work schedules was clearly necessary to
the processing of Ward's grievance concerning his layoff for lack of
work. The Respondent was therefore required, upon proper re-
quest, to supply such information to the Union. That the Respondent
was mindful of this obligation is clearly indicated by Smith's vol-
untarily showing some of the work orders to Seegert. However, the
work schedules were the property of the Respondent, and it was en-
titled to full control over them in order to be able to meet its obliga-
tion as the need arose. To hold otherwise would be inconsistent with
the salutary principle, heretofore enunciated by the Board, that any
disagreements which might arise between an employer and the rep-
resentative of • its employees over the conditions for turning over
information which the employer is required to furnish should be
established at the bargaining table.' Consequently, because the Re-
N.L.R.I3. v. Cities Service Oil Company, 122 F. 2d 149 , 152 (C.A. 2).
2 Square D Company, 142 NLRB 332 ; American Sugar Refining Company, 130 NLRB 634.
? See American Cyanamid Company, 129 NLRB 683, 684.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 79
spondent had the right to control its records,' it had the right, in
implementation thereof, to instruct its clerk, Enders, not to give such
information directly to the Union. Accordingly, the Respondent's
instructions to Enders did not interfere with or coerce Enders within
the meaning of the Act.5 We shall therefore dismiss this allegation of
the complaint.
3. We further find, in agreement with the Trial Examiner, that
the Respondent did not violate the Actby the manner in which its pre-
hearing interview with employee Enders was conducted on Febru-
ary 7, 1963, nor by its inquiry during the interview as to whether she
had given any statements to the Board.'
The facts show that sometime after the original complaint was is-
sued, and a few days before the hearing herein, the Respondent's store
manager, Goudy, came to Enders' desk and asked her to come with him
for a few minutes. When Enders asked, "To the store?" Goudy re-
plied, "Put on your coat." Gaudy then took Enders to a nearby hotel,
where they were met by the Respondent's district manager, Smith,
and the Respondent's attorney, Matheson. The four then proceeded to
a conference room in the hotel, which had been selected for the inter-
view because the two private rooms at the Respondent's store were in
use. Matheson advised Enders that he was investigating a legal
matter pending against the Respondent; that his questions would be
directed to her earlier conversation with Smith regarding the dis-
closure to the Union of information from the work orders; and that
whether she was for or against the Union was "her own choice" and
his questions had nothing to do with that. Matheson then questioned
Enders about her conversation with Smith relating to work orders,
took down her answers in writing, and asked her to read, correct,
and sign the statement before a notary public, which she did. At the
close of the interview, Matheson asked Enders if she had given any
:statements to the Board. So far as appears, Matheson neither asked
Enders for a copy of the statement nor inquired as to its contents.
Here again we have an issue requiring a balancing of existing rights
and policies. Thus, the Board recognizes that an employer must
be permitted to interview its employees in the preparation of its
4 We do not agree with the view expressed in the dissenting opinion that an employer's
right of control over the information contained in its business records is limited to con-
fidential records "of the type reflecting management policies in the field of labor relations."
6 Accord: Clearwater Fixishing Company, 100 NLRB 1473, where the Board, in refusing
to find the discharge of a clerk for giving the union information from records in her care
to be a violation of Section 8(a)(3),in the absence of any evidence of discriminatory in-
tent, stated that the employer was entitled to have as custodian of its records an empioyee
in whose discretion it had implicit confidence . (Enforcement denied as to violations
found, 203 F. 2d 938 (C.A. 4).)
G Member Fanning dissents from this finding and in this respect concurs in the dis-
senting opinion of Member Brown.
74"70-65--vol. 146-7
80 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
case for hearing. However, the employer is restricted to questions
relevant to the charges, and may not go beyond the necessities of trial
preparation to pry into matters of union membership or activity,
dissuade employees from joining or remaining members of the union,
or otherwise interfere with or intimidate them in the exercise of their
rights under the statute?
The General Counsel contends that the Respondent exceeded these
permissible limits and intimidated Enders by the manner in which
it interviewed her. We do not agree: The hotel conference room
was chosen for the interview because it was the most convenient.place
available. We are not persuaded that the selection of the conference
room in a nearby hotel was, in the circumstances, unreasonable or
intimidatory. There is no evidence that the purpose of-the interview
was anything other than the preparation of a defense to the com-
plaint, which directly involved Enders. The questions were directed
solely to the issues raised in the complaint. Further, Enders was
specifically informed of the purpose of the interview, and was told
that the Respondent was not concerned with her attitude toward the
Union. In view of the absence of .any indication that the Respondent
had any intention of intimating Enders, and its express disavowal of
any interest in her attitude about the Union, we are not prepared to
hold, as the General Counsel suggests, that the Respondent was re-
quired, in addition, to advise her that she was entitled to refrain from
answering its questions. Nor. do we agree with our dissenting col-
league that the evidence shows that the Respondent's agents at this
interview "forced" Enders to answer their questions, "extracted" in-
formation from her, or coerced her in any way.
The General Counsel alleges further that the question whether
Enders had given any.statements to the Board exceeded the permis-
sible limits of a pretrial interview, because the question did not pertain
to an issue raised in the complaint and was not necessary to the Re-
spondent's pretrial preparations. We disagree. The obvious pur-
pose of such a question is to obtain information for use as the basis
for a proper demand for such affidavit, to which the Respondent
would be entitled in the event Enders appeared as a witness against
it in the Board proceeding. The information sought to be elicited
is therefore clearly relevant and necessary.' Although the Board
has found that an employer demand, or request, for a copy of a state-
ment which its employee has given to the Board exceeds the limits
of lawful pretrial interrogation," the considerations upon which those
cases rest are not applicable here.
May Department Store Company, 70 NLRB 94, 96, enfd . 162 F. 2d 247 (C.A. 8) ;
Joy Bilk Mills, Inc. v. N.L.R.B., 185 F. 2d 732 , 743 (C.A.D.C.), enforcing 85 NLRB 1263.
s Ra-Rich Manufacturing Corporation, 121 NLRB 700.
W. T. Grant Company, 144 NLRB 1179 ; Winn -Dixie Stores, Inc., 143 NLRB 848;
Hilton Credit Corporation , 137 NLRB 56 , footnote 1 ; Henry I. Siegel Co., Inc., 143 NLRB
386, footnote 1; Texas Industries , Inc., 139 NLRB 365.
MONTGOMERY WARD & .CO., INCORPORATED 81
The Board has recognized that such statements frequently contain
information, bearing on the affiant's union attitudes, sympathies, and
activities, which is not relevant to the employer's defense to the unfair
labor practice charges, and concerning which an employer is pro-
hibited by Section 7 from questioning its employees; in consequence,
a request by an employer for a copy of the statement may be an
attempt to obtain indirectly what it is prohibited from obtaining
directly.10 It is clear, however, that where, as here, no copy is re-
quested, no such attempt can be inferred. The Board has also rec-
ognized that employer requests for copies of affidavits interfere with
the Board's processes because they tend to create in the employees the
impression that their employer may obtain access to their statements,
which impression would inhibit the employees' willingnless to give such
statements for fear of incurring their employer's displeasure and pos-
sible reprisal.ll However, a question limited only to whether a state-
ment has been given falls far short of creating the impression that
the employer has access to the contents of the statement. Accord-
ingly, we find, as. did the Trial Examiner, that this conduct by the
Respondent did not constitute a violation of the Act, and we shall
therefore dismiss this allegation of the complaint.12
ORDER
The Board adopts as its Order the Recommended Order of the
Trial Examiner, with the following modifications: 13
1. Substitute the following for the first paragraph :
Upon the entire record in these cases, and pursuant to Section
10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, ' the
National Labor Relations Board hereby orders that the Respond-
ent, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall:
2. In paragraph 1(d), delete "the National Labor Relations Act.",
and add: "Section 8(a) (3) of the National Labor Relations Act, as
modified by the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
of 1959."
3. Modify provision 2(b) in accordance with footnote 27 of the
Recommended Order.
W. T. Grant Company, supra. -
W. T. Grant Company, supra ; Winn-Dixie Stores , Inc., supra.
12 The notice shall be modified in accordance with footnote 26 of the Recommended
order ; and, by substituting , in the fourth indented paragraph, the words "Section 8(a) (3)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as modified by the Labor-Management Reporting
and,Disclosure Act of 1959" for the words "the National Labor Relations Act".
13 Corpus Christi Grain Exchange , Inc., 132 NLRB 145, cited by our dissenting colleague,
is inapposite , as that case did not, as here, involve an inquiry made in the course of the
preparation of a defense to a complaint.
82 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
4. Delete the last paragraph and add the following :
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint, insofar as it alleges
that the Respondent violated the Act by conduct other than that
found to be violative herein; be, and it hereby is, dismissed.
MEMBER BROWN, dissenting in part :
I join my colleagues in finding that the Respondent engaged in
unlawful interrogation and threats of reprisal against employees be-
,cause of their union activity in the manner indicated in the Inter-
mediate Report. However, I would also find that Respondent en-
gaged in unlawful threats and interrogation by its conduct toward
employee Enders.
On the basis of the credited testimony, the Trial Examiner found
that Respondent's district manager, Smith, verbally reprimanded
Enders because she gave information to her union representative for
use in the processing of a grievance and that Respondent threatened
her with disciplinary action if she again similarly assisted Local 164.
Like my colleagues, I agree that the record supports this finding of
fact. I cannot agree, however, that Respondent's conduct was lawful
in the circumstances.
It is undisputed that Enders, who takes customers' orders for
servicing appliances, in response to an inquiry by her business agent,
told him that she thought there were more pending work orders than
one serviceman could handle. She did not show any of the Respond-
ent's business records to the union representative, nor did she disclose
their content.14 Instead, based upon her knowledge of the workload
and her job experience, she gave the representative her considered
opinion as to the number of repairmen needed to handle the existing
volume of work. It is also apparent that this information was ex-
tremely important to her union agent in his preliminary investiga-
tion of the grievance involving a layoff for lack of such work. For it
was on the basis of Enders' valued judgment that the representative
concluded that the grievance which he was investigating warranted
processing. Indeed, if Enders had given a contrary opinion, the
grievance probably would not have been processed. There can be
no question but that the volume of available work and the number of
jobs thereby provided is always a matter of vital common concern to
the employees and their bargaining agent.15 And clearly here Enders,
14 On this basis alone , as well as upon the ground that here Respondent knew that union
activity was involved, the Clearwater case relied upon by the Trial Examiner and alluded
to with approval by the majority is distinguishable from the instant situation.
1sAecord: Paul Cusano, d/b/a American Shuffleboard Co., 92 NLRB 1272, enfd. 190 F.
2d 898, (C.A. 3), wherein the Board held protected a report made by an employee, who
had attended a Board conference as a union representative, of the employer's gross income
labeling it as "fantastic earnings ." Noting that even if false , the report was not de-
liberately or maliciously so, the Board stated: "Employees do not forfeit the protection
of the Act, if in discussing matters of such vital common concern as their employer's
financial status, they give currency to inaccurate information."
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 83
while assisting her union representative with respect to the grievance
of an employee in her unit by supplying, her evaluation of the. per-
tinent circumstances, was engaged in concerted activity. Preparation,
presentation, and prosecution of grievances have long been recognized
as concerted activity falling within the protection of Section 7 of the
Act.16
Nevertheless, the majority bases its conclusion that Respondent's
conduct was lawful upon some nebulous and vaguely defined "prop-
erty right" of Respondent to control information contained in its
records. I do not believe that the Board or courts have ever rec-
ognized such a "property right," vis-a-vis the statutory bargaining
agent, with respect to disclosure of information contained in records
which, as here, are not confidential.14 However, assuming, arguendo,
that the Employer has such a "property right," I submit that this
is not the issue presented to the Board by the facts in the instant case.
Enders not only did not reveal to the business agent the contents of
the work orders, she did not even tell him the number. She merely
gave him her opinion that there was more work than one man could
do. Enders could have been completely wrong in her evaluation.
In any event, the Respondent was in no sense bound by her judgment.
To characterize this as a disclosure of information concerning the con-
tents of Respondent's records is, in my view, the ultimate in tenuity.
More importantly, however, to hold that an employer can prohibit
an employee from doing what Enders did here is to exalt out of all
proportion an employer's _so-called "property right" over the em-
ployee's right to communicate to his bargaining representative in-
formation concerning his working conditions. Enders' job did not
involve responsibility for evaluating work orders and making recom-
mendations to the Respondent as to the number of men required to
handle such orders. If it did, then there might be some support for
protecting the Respondent's "property right" to "full" control over
its records. Rather, the situation here is little different than if a
truckdriver were to advise his bargaining representative that on the
basis of the delivery slips he has been given and the trips he has
16 See Bowman Transportation, Inc., 134 NLRB 1419 , and cases cited therein. Also see
Thomas W. Dant et al ., d/b/a Dant t Russell Ltd ., 92 NLRB 307, enfd . 344 U.S. 375;
N.L.R.B. v. Kennametal, Inc., 182 F. 2d 817 (C.A. 3), enfd. 80 NLRB 1481, involving
activity in preparation for filing of a grievance ; Sherry Manufacturing Company, Inc.,
128 NLRB 739 , wherein, absent a representative, an employee presented a grievance on
behalf of himself and fellow employees.
17 The case does not involve confidential records or information of the ' type reflecting
management policies in the field of labor relations, the kind which an employer has a right
to withhold from the union . The Board , as a matter of policy, excludes from bargaining
units employees who perform services in a confidential capacity to persons who formulate,
determine , and effectuate management policies in the labor relations field, so that em-
ployees are not placed in a position where they have divided or conflicting loyalties be-
cause of knowledge gained from their jobs or judgments 'based on such knowledge. See
Twenty-third Annual Report ( 1958), pp. 41 -.43; Twenty-seventh Annual Report ( 1962),
pp. 76-77.
84 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
made he thinks he is entitled to'a, raise which he would like his rep-
resentative to seek for him. Apparently my colleagues would find
lawful employer restriction on this communication of information by
the truckdriver to his agent.
The obvious effect of such a finding is to so completely divorce an
employee from his union as to seriously impair the latter's effective-
ness as bargaining representative. If employees are forbidden to use
the intelligence gained through their job experience and to communi-.
cate the facts concerning existing employment conditions to guide
their representative in the bargaining process, there could be no mean-
ingful collective bargaining. For the union must represent the 'em-
ployees' interest in establishing the terms of employment and working
conditions and in administering any agreement with respect thereto.
In performing this basic function, the representative stands in the
position of the employees collectively and must have a comprehension
of the circumstances affecting their interest, including information
such as workloads and employment complement, in order to deal in
a relevant manner with respect thereto. I cannot subscribe to a posi-
tion which purports to effect a balance between conflicting rights of
an employer and a bargaining representative by so hampering and
placing in a straitjacket the relationship between the employees and
their union.
According to my colleagues, because the records relevant to the
grievance involved were of the type which an employer would be re-
quired by law to produce upon demand by the union, the Respondent
has a right to protect its ability to produce such records in the event' a
demand is made. I fail to perceive how Enders' opinion, expressed to
her representative, in any way diminished Respondent's 'ability to
fulfill 'its legal obligation to furnish such records upon request.'8
In view of the foregoing, I conclude that Enders was entitled, under
the protection of Section 7 of the Act, to assist the bargaining rep-
resentative in the investigation of a grievance in the manner that she
did. When the Respondent threatened Enders for doing so and or-
dered her not to engage in such activity in the future, it interfered
18 Whether an employer may limit to official channels disclosure of the type of records to
which a bargaining representative would be entitled upon appropriate demand is not in
issue here since there was no disclosure of records by anyone other than an official of
Respondent . In this connection , my colleagues described as "salutary " the principle . previ-
ously enunciated in the American Cyanamid- case, footnote 3, supra , "that any disagree-
ments which might arise between an employer and the representative of its employees
over the conditions for turning over information which the employer is required to fur-
nish should be established at the bargaining table," and express their objective of guard-
ing against any finding inconsistent therewith, apparently implying that the Union and
Enders took unilateral action in this respect. While I do not concede that the point is
involved here , I would suggest that it is highly inconsistent with that principle to hold,
as the majority does here , that an employer may, with impunity, make a unilateral rule
covering the conditions for disclosure in complete disregard of the employees ' statutory
representative.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 85
with and. coerced her in the. exercise of rights guaranteed by Sec-
tion 7, and I would, find- that Respondent thereby violated Section
8.(a) (1) of the Act.
I would also find that Respondent's interrogation of Enders was
coercive in violation of Section 8(a)'(1) of the Act, both in context
and content. The Board and courts 19 have held that, despite the in-
herent danger of coercion therein, an employer is allowed the special
privilege of interviewing employees for the sole purpose of discov-
ering facts within the limits of the issues raised in a complaint, where
such interrogation isnecessary in preparing a .case for trial, and does
not go beyond the necessities of such preparation to pry into union
matters or otherwise. to interfere with the statutory rights of em-
ployees. But the mere fact that an occasion arises giving an employer
an opportunity to exercise this privilege does not afford it a license
to justify interrogation in such a manner as would itself convey
purposeful intimidation and coercion.
With, respect to the context of the interrogation here, as noted by
the Trial Examiner, Enders was approached by her supervisor and
ordered to come with him. To her question as to the destination the
supervisor avoided a direct reply but instead instructed her to "put
your coat on." Despite her inquiry, she was not told where she was
going, or why. Instead, she was escorted off the Employer' s premises
to a nearby hotel where they were met by Respondent's district man-
ager and attorney and taken to a conference room where she was
subjected to interrogation by the attorney. Not only was the purpose
of departure 'from her work station withheld from her up to this
point, but at no time was she ever advised that she was entitled to
refrain from answering the interrogatories or free to leave. The mere
statement of the events graphically suggest the psychological atmos-
phere of fear thereby created. '
- Using employment authority to take the employee from her work
station and escort her into unfamiliar surroundings in the presence
of the Employer's officials and attorney, subjecting her to questioning
concerning her concerted and protected activity, and proceeding to
extract from her a statement signed before a notary public, all with-
out first explaining the destination and purpose and obtaining the
employee's freely given consent, is conduct which is itself grossly
intimidating. For the "method of interrogation ... imbue[d] the
interview with an unnatural formality . . ." and conveyed to the em-
ployee the "false impression" that the Employer had a right to con-
duct the interview in this manner and the employee had no rights
19 See, e . g., Joy Silk Mil18 v. N.L.R.B., 185 F. 2d 732 (C.A.D .C.), cert. denied 341 U.S.
914: N.L.R.B. v. Guild Indndtrie8 Manu facturing et al., 321 F. 2d 108 (C.A. 5), enfg.
135 NLRB 971.
86 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
in the matter.20 In these circumstances, telling Enders that whether
she was for or against the Union was "her own choice" is no reas-
surance and could hardly be said to relieve the coercive atmosphere
or convert her forced participation into a voluntary act 2' Nor does
the fact that Respondent's administrative offices may not have been
available at that time alleviate the coercive character of Respondent's
conduct upon the employee, to whom this factor was never com-
municated. In my view, the manner in which Enders was authori-
tatively escorted to the hotel and questioned concerning her protected
concerted activity was itself coercive in violation of Section 8(a) (1)
of the Act.
My colleagues observe that the purpose of the interrogation was
the preparation of a defense to the complaint which directly involved
Enders and that the questions were directed solely to the issues raised
in the complaint. However, insofar as the complaint herein related
to the incidents involving Enders, as pointed out above, Respondent's
district manager himself was a participant and Enders had already
been questioned by him concerning her part in preparing the griev-
ance. Thus, the facts were so well known to Respondent that there
is a serious doubt as to whether any information could be - ad-ded by
the interview, much less needed for the preparation of a defense to
the complaint.
Further, I do not agree that Respondent's privilege here, if it were
presumed necessary, extended to the inquiry of Enders as to whether
she had given any statements to the Board. Such. statements or
affidavits become available to an employer upon proper demand and
under the safeguards afforded by trial procedures only after the em-
ployee has testified. Contrary to the suggestion of the majority,
there is no need for an employer to determine in advance of a hearing
whether such an affidavit exists in order to prepare for a proper
demand in the event the employee testifies. Indeed, the only prepa-
ration which is necessary or possible for a proper demand is to
know the procedural requirement that it be made when a witness
has. been given over by the General Counsel for cross-examination
and while he is still on the witness stand 22 Moreover, the informa-
20 See N.L.R.B. v. Lindsay Newspapers, Inc., 315 F. 2d 709 (C.A. 5), enfg. as modified
130 NLRB 680.
The privilege extended to an employer in the preparation of his defense is not a sub=
stitute for a subpena wherein the involuntary witness is given not only legal protection
from intimidation and reprisal but also the opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel as
to what questions he must answer . When a respondent employer selects this means of
preparing a defense it assumes the responsibility of taking extra precautions to avoid
intimidation and coercion for the circumstance is "one that requires the utmost in care
and good faith on the part of company counsel ." N.L.R.B. v. Guild Industries Manu-
facturing et al., 321 F . 2d 108 (C.A. 5). Indeed, it is highly questionable whether in-
formation obtained by means of such intimidation and coercion has any probative value:
m See Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Company, 142 NLRB 1083.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 87
tion of whether or not any employee statements have been given to a
Board agent in itself has no particular relevancy to issues raised in
a complaint. Unless and until an affiant testifies as a witness for the ^
General Counsel, the fact that an affidavit exists has absolutely no
probative value.23 Even thereafter, knowledge of its existence is
of value merely as a question preliminary to demanding disclosure of
the statement itself and that, in turn, is used primarily as ,a means of
attacking the credibility of the witness-obviously a form of defense
but not one for which advance preparation is permitted under the
law24'-•
Even though interrogating an employee to determine whether a
pretrial statement was given the Board does not, as my colleagues
suggest, enjoy the protection of the privilege accorded to an employer
'respondent in the preparation of the defense, there remains the ques-
tion of its coercive nature. In this respect the Board has held that
the free exercise of employees' statutory rights includes the right to
seek vindication thereof in Board proceedings free from coercion.21
Thus, interrogation and/or requests by an employer designed to as-
certain the contents of a pretrial affidavit constitute interference
with the exercise of rights guaranteed by Section V' It would
appear from the record that Respondent did engage in such conduct 27
which, of course, is violative of the Act. However, even assuming,
arguendo, that Respondent asked Enders only whether she had given
any statements to the Board, I would reach the same conclusion.
22 In this connection , the Board has held that a respondent employer may not obtain
the pretrial statement given the General Counsel by an employer witness in advance of
his taking the stand , although the witness may review his own statement before testify-
ing. Such affidavit of a respondent ' s witness may be made available to respondent's
counsel only when and if the General Counsel has utilized information therein for pur-
poses of cross -examination . See R. E. Edwards, d/b/a Edwards Trucking Company,
128 NLRB 385 , footnote 1.
2' See Sealtest Southern Dairies, 126 NLRB 1223.
2GBetter Monkey Grip Company, 115 NLRB 1170 , enfd . 243 F. 2d 836 ( C.A. 5), cert.
denied 355 U.S. 864 : "Clearly inherent in employees ' statutory rights is the right to seek
their vindication in Board proceedings."
28 Texas Industries , Inc., et al. , 139 NLRB 365 ; Hilton Credit Corporation , 137 NLRB
56, 64 . Also see Henry I. Siegel Co ., Inc., 143 NLRB 386, where the' request for a copy
of an affidavit was held a violation even though not complied with ; Suprenant Mfg. Co.,
144 NLRB 507 , where the inquiry accompanied by appropriate assurances was made as
to whether the employee was under subpena and whether he had given the Board agent a
statement , followed by the query whether he would be willing to tell what was in the
statement ; Derby Coal & Oil Co., Inc ., at al ., 139 NLRB 1485, where the suggestion to the
employee that he obtain a copy of his affidavit from the Board so that he and the employer
could go over it together was regarded as of a nature which might reasonably dissuade
employees from giving testimony for the Board.
27 Enders testified that after she admitted she had given the Board a statement the
attorney asked if she had been given a copy of the statement . When she replied she had
not the attorney stated, "Then you have no copy to know what you said over there," and
she again answered , "No." Attorney Matheson testified he asked Enders if the Board
agent , told her she was entitled to a copy of her statement and if the Board agent asked
her whether she wanted •a copy, and that Enders replied "No " to both questions.
88 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The Board has found that interrogating an employee as to whether he
talked to the Board agent constitutes illegal interference engendering
apprehension and has an inhibitory effect upon the exercise of Sec-
tion 7 rights by employees.' In my view there is little or no differ-
ence in coercive effect between asking whether an employee has given
the Board an affidavit and inquiring whether he has talked to a
Board agent. Both are obviously preliminary steps to ascertaining,
if an affirmative answer is given, what the affidavit contains or what
was said to the Board agent. If, as the Board has found, one such
inquiry is violative of the Act, then perforce so is the other. ' Ac-
cordingly, I would find that Respondent violated Section 8(a) (1)
of the Act by asking Enders whether she had given any statements
to the. Board.
as Corpus Christi Grain Exchange, Inc., 132 NLRB 145, 160-165.
INTERMEDIATE REPORT AND RECOMMENDED ORDER
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
In Case No. 7-CA-3937, upon a charge filed on October 12, 1962,1 by Richard J.
Pisarski and in Case No. 7-CA-3958, upon a charge filed on October 19, by Local
164, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and
Helpers of America, Ind., herein called Local 164, the Regional Director for the
Seventh Region issued a consolidated complaint on December 11, alleging the
commission of unfair labor practices by Respondent in violation of Section 8(a)(1)
of the National Labor Relations Act, herein called the Act, and affecting commerce
within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act. The consolidated com-
plaint was amended at the hearing to allege an additional violation of Section
8(a)(1). Respondent denies it has committed the alleged violations. The General
Counsel, Local 164, and Respondent were represented by counsel, and all parties
participated fully in the hearing before Trial Examiner W. Edwin Youngblood in
Detroit, Michigan, on February 11 and 12. The General Counsel and Respondent
filed briefs, which have been duly considered. Disposition of Respondent's motion
to dismiss the complaint, as amended, is made by the following findings, conclusions,
and recommendations.
Upon the entire record and from my observation of the witnesses, including their
demeanor while testifying, I make the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. THE BUSINESS OF RESPONDENT
Respondent, an Illinois corporation with its principal office in Chicago, Illinois,
is engaged in the retail sale and distribution of hard and soft goods and related
products. Respondent maintains stores throughout the United States including stores
at Adrian and Mount Clemens, Michigan, the only stores involved herein.
During the fiscal year ending February 1, a representative period, Respondent
sold and distributed products valued in excess of $5 million. During the same
period, Respondent shipped products valued in excess of $1 million across State
lines, including goods valued in excess of $500,000 which were shipped to its stores
in Michigan directly from other States. Respondent admits, and I find, that it is
engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
IT. THE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
I find that Local 164 and Local 243, International Brotherhood of Teamsters,
-Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Ind., herein called Local 243,
are labor organizations within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
' Unless otherwise noted all dates mentioned are in 1962.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 89
M. THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE
A. Interrogation and threats at Mount Clemens
1. The testimony of Pisarski and Bobcean
In mid-March employees at the Mount Clemens store became interested in
Local 243 and Kenneth Bobcean, who worked in the shipping and receiving depart-
ment under the supervision of Edward Shankin, obtained Local 243 cards and
distributed them to other employees. He was assisted in the distribution of cards
by Richard J. Pisarski, who worked on the dock under the supervision of Shankin.2
On April 24, a representation hearing was conducted during which Bobcean. and
Pisarski testified as witnesses pursuant to the request of Frank Meyers, business
agent for Local 243.
About 3 days after the hearing, Shankin approached Pisarski in the furniture
department and asked him why he appeared as a witness for Local 243. Pisarski
replied that he did so because Local 243 needed two witnesses. Shankin then told
Pisarski that "it was too bad that [he] went."
About 21/2 weeks after the representation hearing, Bobcean was working in the
west end of the second floor stockroom. He had a Teamsters Union contract book
in his left-hand shirt pocket which extended out of his pocket about 11/2 inches.
Shankin approached Bobcean and told him that he should take the book out of his
pocket or he would be subject to discharge, adding that this was what he had been
told by Mr. Hornette.3 Bobcean had passed Hornette a number of times with the
union book in his pocket. Bobcean did not recall anyone else being present during
this conversation.
About 31/2 weeks after the representation hearing, Bobcean, while working on
the second floor of the stockroom, had a conversation with Shankin about a shift
change. During this conversation, Shankin told Bobcean that "the Company was
after [him] for trying to organize a union at this store."
About the end of June, Pisarski approached Shankin in the furniture department
and told him that he needed some skids to unload a truck. Shankin replied that no
,skids were available. Pisarski said that without skids he could not unload the truck.
Shankin told Pisarski that he should do his best and not complain because the "front
office is trying to get rid of [yoio as it is" on account of the Union.
Early in July, on the dock, P•isarski told Shankin that he was unable to unload a
truck because of the absence of working room. Again Shankin advised Pisarski
not to complain but to just do the best he could because the "front office" wanted
to "get rid of [him] on account of that Union."
About the third week in July, Pisarski was having coffee in the coffeeshop when
Shankin walked up to his table and started "bawling" him out for not taking the
mail off the "shuttle for Allen Park." Pisarski stated that he was going to unload
the truck. Shankin told Pisarski that he was not doing his work, an argument then
ensued, and after it ended Pisarski talked with Arthur Fall, who is operating man-
ager of this store and whose responsibilities include the shipping and receiving
department. Pisarski told Fall that he was tired of working under conditions where
Shankin threatened him about the Union and not doing his job. Fall replied that he
would talk with Shankin and "get it straightened out." Later that day, Shankin
called Pisarski into his office and told him that he had talked with Fall. Shankin
said that he told Fall that Pisarski had been pretty "snotty" and should be repri-
manded, but Fall had not agreed to do so. Then Shankin said "that's the way
[you] show .[your] appreciation to [me] after [I keep] saving [your] job because
the front office wants to get rid of [you]" because of the Union.
2. The testimony of Shankin, Fall, and Trandell
Shankin denied that he asked Pisarski why he testified at the representation
hearing and denied that he ever even discussed the representation hearing with
Pisarski. Also Shankin denied telling Pisarski that the front office was trying to
get rid of him because of the Union. Fall testified that he was transferred to the
Mount Clemens store on June 14 and that Shankin was directly responsible to him
z Shankin is no longer employed by Respondent but during times material to the issues
herein occupied the position of shipping and receiving manager. Shankin was admittedly
a supervisor as defined in the Act. -
8 Hornette was at that time operating manager of the Mount Clemens store and Shankin's
supervisor.
90 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
for the operations of the shipping and receiving department . Fall, although ad-
mitting that he talked with Pisarski in the latter part of July, denied that the word
"union" was mentioned in that conversation . In fact, Fall denied even hearing of
any union activity at the store until about November 17.
Shankin testified that in May he sawa union contract in Bobcean's possession.
Further that he saw Bobcean pull it out of his pocket when employee Ronald Trandell
was standing near Bobcean.4 According to Shankin, Bobcean laughed and showed
him the book and said that these are the wages "we're going to be getting from now
on." Shankin at first testified that he "didn 't say a word" to Bobcean , then testified
that he said , "Well, that 's nice." Shankin denied he told Bobcean that carrying the
union book could subject him to discharge . Shankin also denied telling Bobcean
that the "front office" was after him for trying to organize a union.
Trandell testified that in May he saw Bobcean working in the second floor stock-
room with a union contract book in his pocket . Shankin got off an elevator, and
Bobcean pulled out the book and said, "Look what I got here." 5 Bobcean opened
the book and gave Shankin the wage rates that "everybody would make." Trandell
at first testified that Shankin said nothing to Bobcean, then testified Shankin said,
"You better put that book away." 6
3. Credibility resolutions
It is apparent from the foregoing that ,the testimony of the witnesses of the Gen-
eral Counsel is squarely contradicted by the testimony of witnesses for Respondent.
In its brief , Respondent asserts Pisarski and Bobcean gave inconsistent and con-
tradictory testimony and should be discredited . I have carefully compared Pisarski
and Bobcean 's testimony with their Board affidavits , and in addition Pisarski's
testimony with that given in a State unemployment compensation commission hear-
ing. In these comparisons , I have found no material conflicts . In fact , Pisarski's
and Bobcean 's testimony is generally consistent with their affidavits , and in Pisarski's
case, consistent also with his testimony at the unemployment compensation com-
mission hearing. ? Moreover, it is not without significance that Stanley Carpenter,
a witness called by Respondent , testified that Pisarski told him of Shankin's state-
ment to him to the effect that he (Pisarski ) was in trouble with the "front office"
because of the Union . I do not regard Bobcean 's denial that he discussed his
testimony with Pisarski as inherently incredible . Also, I accept Pisarski 's explana-
tion of the circumstances surrounding the execution of his Board affidavit.
On the other hand , the testimony of Shankin and Trandell is inconsistent with
respect to Shankin 's statement to Bobcean about the union book . It is significant
that while Shankin testified he said to Bobcean , "Well, that's nice," Trandell testi-
fied Shankin said to Bobcean , "You better put that book away." Moreover, I
believe Shankin was less than candid in his testimony about the circumstances sur-
rounding the request for a copy of his Board affidavit.
On the entire record and the demeanor of the respective witnesses , I consider
Pisarski and Bobcean's testimony to be more reliable than that of Shankin.8 Ac-
cordingly , I credit Pisarski 's and Bobcean 's testimony and reject the contradictory
testimony of Shankin .9 Therefore , I find that Respondent violated Section 8 (a)( I)
4 Trandell became shipping and receiving manager after Shankin left the employ of
Respondent.
5 Trandell testified Bobcean also showed him the book but he did not recall whether this
was before or after Bobcean showed it to Shankin.
e I do not regard Trandell ' s testimony with respect to a company rule prohibiting union
activity on worktime as sufficiently reliable to make a finding thereon.
7 For example , in its brief , Respondent asserts that on page 150 of the transcript,
Pisarski's testimony reflects that after he talked with Fall , he talked with Shankin on the
dock . Respondent further asserts that Pisarski 's affidavit on page 5 reflects this conversa-
tion occurred not on the dock, but in the furniture department . Page 150 of the .tran-
script reflects Pisarski's testimony that after he talked with Fall, Shankin called him
upstairs to his office . Page 5 of Pisarski 's affidavit does not refer to this conversation,
but an earlier conversation . Page 6 of Pisarski's affidavit does relate to this conversation
and reflects that after Pisarski talked with Fall, Shankin called Pisarski upstairs.
8 I reject . Fall' s denial that the Union was even mentioned in his conversation with
Pisarski . I regard Fall 's testimony that he, the operating manager of the store since
June 14, did not even hear of the employees ' union activities until about November 17,
as implausible.
e In making this finding , I have at the request of Respondent taken official notice that
the Regional Director on May 15 found inappropriate the unit petitioned for in Case No.
7-RC-5253 and dismissed the petition.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 91
of the Act by Shankin's interrogation of Pisarski under the circumstances, detailed
herein and his threats to Pisarski and Bobcean concerning their union activities,
including his threat to Bobcean of discharge for displaying a union contract book
in his pocket.10
In making these findings, I have considered and rejected Respondent's conten-
tion made at the hearing that the statements of Shankin were "cured" or "effectively
withdrawn" by Schunk's speech. Schunk, Mount Clemens store manager, in a
speech in June to a group of employees which included Pisarski, stated that Re-
spondent would not hold any "grudges" because of the efforts of employees to
obtain union representation and that they had the "right" to join the Union or not
to join "as they saw fit." There is no evidence that Schunk in his speech referred
to Shankin's interrogation or threats; in fact, Respondent denies that Shankin en-
gaged in the conduct in question. In these circumstances, Schunk's speech cannot
reasonably be held to have dispelled or "cured" the coercive effects of Shankin's
conduct.il
B. The alleged threat to Enders
The complaint alleges Respondent threatened to discharge employees at its
Adrian store if they assisted Local 164 in processing grievances by furnishing
evidence to Local 164 in support of or in connection with grievances.
On or about August 24, an employee in the Adrian store named Andrew Ward
was laid off by Respondent. Ward, who was employed in the service department
as appliance serviceman, filed a grievance with Leo Seegert, business agent for Local
164.12 Apparently Respondent had transferred another man into Ward's depart-
ment and thereafter laid Ward off because there was insufficient work for two men.
In connection with his investigation of the grievance and in the latter part of
September, Seegert talked with Mary Enders, who is service clerk in the service.
department at the Adrian store and is in the bargaining unit represented by Local,
164.13
Seegert advised Enders that Ward had signed a grievance and that he was trying
to determine if there was enough work for Ward. Seegert then asked Enders how
much work was pending and if there was work enough for two men. Enders
reviewed the work orders and told Seegert that there were "quite a few" pending
work orders, "more than one man could take care of." She did not, however,
tell him the exact number.14
Following his conversation with Enders, Seegert talked with Store Manager
Goudy about the Ward grievance. Apparently Seegert was unsuccessful in ad-
justing the grievance with Goudy and on the morning of October 6 discussed the
grievance further with James G. Smith, Respondent's district manager.15 Seegert
advised Smith that he had talked with Enders who told him there were "quite a few"
pending work orders, and he felt there was enough work for two men.16
After lunch, Seegert and Smith met in the service department and again discussed
the Ward grievance. Smith reviewed the work orders with Seegert and showed him
at least some of these orders.17 Smith called Enders in and asked her if she had
told Seegert about pending work orders. Enders replied that she had. Smith then
told her in doing so "it put [her] on the spot." Enders stated that she thought when
the union representative questioned her about anything "like that" she was supposed
to tell him. Smith stated that she was not to give out any information about work
10Cf. Mayrath Company, 132 NLRB 1628.
11 Cf. Haynes Stellite Company, 136 NLRB 95, 97.
12 Local 164 and Respondent have a collective-bargaining agreement which contains a
grievance procedure and is in evidence as General Counsel's Exhibit No. 2.
18 Part of Enders ' duties include making out and scheduling work orders and she is
responsible for maintaining these records.
14 Based on a composite of the credited and mutually corroborative testimony of Seegert
and Enders.
1c Smith is admittedly a supervisor as defined in the Act.
10 Based on Seegert 's credited testimony , I' reject Smith's testimony insofar as it in-
dicates Seegert told him the exact numbers of work orders or orders "farmed out."
Smith's testimony on this point was contradictory. For example, he testified on cross-
examination, "I forget whether he [Seegert] told me there was 10 of this or 15 of this."
Moreover, as found above, Enders credibly testified she did not give exact numbers to
Seegert . Since Enders did not give exact numbers of orders to Seegert, I do not believe
he gave exact numbers to Smith. '
11 Based on the credited and virtually undisputed testimony of Seegert.
92 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
orders to anyone and she was "on the spot" if she did. Enders then stated that as
long as she knew and understood "why, that's it." 18 .
Information as to work orders was not available to the general public, Re-
spondent's competitors, or even to employees outside the appliance service de-
partment. Although some work orders could be seen by the general public on the
bulletin board, the amount and number could not be ascertained by observation.19
It is clear that Respondent instructed Enders not to give information regarding
work orders to the union representative or anyone else and warned her she would
be "on the spot" if she did so.. Thus Respondent threatened her with disciplinary
action if she assisted Local 164 by furnishing information about work orders.
Accordingly, I reject Respondent's contention that it did not threaten her on
October 6, but this does not dispose, of the matter for if Respondent's instruction
to Enders was lawful so also was its threat to implement the instruction.
The issue, therefore, in my opinion, is whether the instruction was lawful. General
Counsel contends that Enders has a protected right under the Act to assist the Union
in processing grievances by supplying information from company records, and there-
fore Respondent, by its instruction to Enders and the attendant threat, violated the
Act. General Counsel cites no cases in support of this point in his brief and I am
not aware of any. Respondent points to the fact that ,the records and their contents
are its property and are not available to the general public. Clearly disclosure of
the status of pending work orders to the public or potential customers could be
detrimental to Respondent's interest because potential customers might take their
business elsewhere. Respondent cites Clearwater Finishing Company, 100 NLRB
1473, in support of its contention that it has the right to restrict disclosure by its
clerk of the contents of its records. In that case, the Board held that the discharge
of a clerk, who had custody of the employer's records and disclosed information from
those records to an employee who was a union official, was lawful. The Board
stated that "it was clearly inconsistent with the performance of his duties for [the
clerk] to disclose such records" to the union. The Board further stated that Re-
spondent "was entitled to have such a position occupied by an employee in whose
discretion it had implicit confidence." General Counsel attempts to distinguish
Clearwater because the Board in that case referred to the fact that neither Re-
spondent nor its clerk knew why the union official wanted the information. How-
ever, in Clearwater the Board found that Respondent did know prior, to the dis-
charge of the employee who was a union official why he wanted the information. In
considering the lawfulness of this discharge, the Board stated that they were not
persuaded that Respondent regarded the information as confidential or that it had any
business reasons for objecting to its disclosure. I am persuaded that in the instant
case Respondent regarded these records as confidential and had sound business rea-
sons for objecting to disclosure of information from these records. In these cir-
cumstances, I am of the opinion that Respondent has the right under the Act to re-
strict disclosure by its clerk of information from records in her charge. It would
be a much closer question if Local 164 could not obtain this information in any other
way. However, it seems clear that Local 164 could lawfully obtain this information
from Respondent in other ways.'° Indeed, Respondent voluntarily showed at least
some of the records to Seegert. Accordingly, I find Respondent did not violate
the Act by its instruction to Enders or- the attendant threat. .1 shall recommend
dismissal of this allegation.
Is Based on the credited testimony of Enders. Smith's version is substantially in accord
with that of Enders, except in one respect. Smith, while not specifically denying that he
told Enders she would be on the spot if she gave such information in the future to Seegert,
testified in effect that his "on the spot" remark was made in the following circumstances.
He learned from Goudy that morning that someone had given Seegert information with
respect to work orders. He then asked Enders if she knew of any "information leaks" and
she stated she did not. Therefore, when he learned from Seegert later that morning that
he had gotten the information from Enders, he prefaced his inquiry of her by stating she
was "on the spot" because she had denied knowledge of an information leak that morning.
Clearly and indisputedly, Smith instructed Enders not to give such information to Seegert
in the future. It is entirely consistent with such an instruction for him to tell her she
would be "on the spot" if she gave out such information in the future. Likewise, it is
consistent with these facts for him to have told her she was "on the spot" because she
had already given such information to Seegert. Moreover, Enders impressed me as an
honest and truthful witness, therefore, I credit her testimony, and reject Smith's contrary
testimony.
^e Based on the credited testimony of Enders.
See Sinclair Refining Company, 132 NLRB 1660.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED 93
C. The alleged illegal interrogation of Enders
At.the hearing, General Counsel amended his complaint to allege in substance
that. Respondent, by its agents W. Yale Matheson, James Smith, and John Goudy,
interrogated Enders concerning her union or other concerted activities.
On February 7, 1963, Store Manager Goudy asked Enders to "come with him for
a few minutes." When she inquired if he meant to go to "the store," he replied, "Put
your coat on." Goudy did not tell Enders where they were going or why. They
went to a hotel where Smith and Attorney Matheson were waiting and all four then
proceeded to a conference room in the hotel.21 Matheson advised Enders that he
was investigating a "legal matter pending against the Company" and that his
question would be directed to her conversation with Smith. Matheson also advised
Enders that whether she was for or against the Union was "her own choice" and
that his questions had nothing to do with that.
Matheson asked Enders a number of questions principally with respect to her
conversation with Smith about the work orders. Matheson also asked Enders if she
had given any written statements to the Board. At the conclusion of the interview,
Matheson took a, statement from Enders which, pursuant to his request, she signed
before a notary public after making some corrections.22
General Counsel contends that Matheson's questioning of Enders as to whether
she had given any statements to the Board goes beyond the issues raised by the com-
plaint and implies surveillance of her union activities. The Board has long held
that an employer is privileged to interview employees for the purpose of discover-
ing facts within the issues raised by complaint where the employer or his attorney
does not extend his interrogation to pry into matters of union activity.23 In my
opinion, Matheson's mere inquiry if Enders had made a statement to the Board
does not fall within the proscription of this rule 24 Nor do I find that this inquiry
about a Board affidavit implied surveillance of Enders' union activities.25
General Counsel contends further that the manner in which the interview was con-
ducted was coercive because Enders was ordered to 'accompany her supervisor to
the conference room where she was questioned in the presence of .the supervisor
and District Manager Smith. In addition, she was not told she was free to refuse
to answer the questions, sign the statement, or leave. In N. & W. Overall Com-
pany, Inc., 51 NLRB 1016, the Board declined to find a violation in a situation
where employees were called into the office of the president of the company and
questioned by the employer's attorneys in the presence of the president and var-
ious other supervisors. Similarly, I find no violation here. I am persuaded on this
record that Matheson interviewed Enders in a sincere and genuine effort to discover
facts within the limits of the issues raised by the complaint in order to prepare for
trial, and did not exceed the bounds of permissible inquiry within the rule of the
cases cited above. Accordingly, I shall recommend dismissal of this allegation.
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES UPON COMMERCE
Respondent's activities found to be unfair labor practices in section III, above,
occurring in connection with the operations of Respondent described in section I,
above, have a close, intimate, and substantial relation to trade, traffic, and com-
merce among the several States and tend to lead to labor disputes burdening and
obstructing commerce and the free flow of commerce.
21 Matheson credibly testified there was no suitable place to conduct the Interview at
Respondent's store.
22 The foregoing is based on the credited and undisputed testimony of Enders. At the
hearing, Respondent offered the statement taken by Matheson as affirmative evidence of
the events of February 7, 1963. I rejected the exhibit and pursuant to Respondent's re-
quest In Its brief, have reconsidered the matter. I adhere to the ruling made at the
hearing.
23 May Department Stores Company, 70 NLRB 94, 95, enfd. 162 F. 2d 247 (C.A. 8),
cert. denied 332 U.S. 808; Joy Silk Mills, 85 NLRB 1263, enfd. 185 F. 2d 732 (C.A.D.C.),
cert. denied 341 U.S. 914.
24 Cf. Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, 138 NLRB 325, where the Board declined to had
a violation in a situation where the employer requested an employee to obtain a copy of
his Board affidavit so that it could be transmitted to the employer's attorney.
23 Select Foods, Inc., 133 NLRB 73, 77, cited by General Counsel In support of this point
is distinguishable on its facts from the present case. In that case, an 8(a) (1) violation
was found In a situation when a supervisor showed a 'list of union adherents to an
employee.
94 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
V. THE REMEDY
In view of my finding that Respondent has interfered with , restrained, and
coerced employees at its Mount Clemens , Michigan, store in the exercise of their
rights under the Act, I shall recommend that it cease and desist therefrom and
post an appropriate notice.
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and upon the entire record in this
case, I make the following:
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Respondent is an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of
Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
2. Local 164 and Local 243, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Ind., are labor organizations within the
meaning of the Act.
3. By interfering with, restraining, and coercing its employees in the exercise of
the rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act, Respondent has engaged in and is
engaging in unfair labor practices within the meaning of Section 8(a)(1) and
Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
4. Respondent has not, as alleged in the amended complaint, violated the Act
by (a) threatening to discharge Enders if she assisted the processing of grievances
by furnishing information to Local 164; or (b) its interrogation of Enders.
RECOMMENDED ORDER
Upon the basis of the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, and
pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, it is
recommended that Respondent Montgomery Ward & Co., Incorporated, its officers,
agents, successors, and assigns, shall:
1. Cease and desist from:
(a) Interrogating its employees concerning their testifying in Board proceedings
in a manner constituting interference , restraint , or coercion in violation of Section
8(a)(1) of the Act.
(b) Threatening its employees with discharge or other reprisals because of their
union or concerted activities.
(c) Threatening its employees with discharge for displaying union contract books
in their pockets.
(d) In any like or related manner interfering with , restraining , or coercing its
employees in the exercise of the right to self-organization, to form labor organiza-
tions, to join or assist Local 243, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Ind., or any other labor organization, to
bargain collectively -through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage
in collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection, or to refrain from any
or all such activities, except to the extent that such right may be affected by an
agreement requiring membership in a labor organization -as authorized by the- Na-
tional Labor Relations Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action designed to effectuate the policies of. the
Act:
(a) Post at its store at Mount Clemens, Michigan, copies of the attached notice
marked "Appendix." 26 Copies of said notice, to be furnished. by the Regional
Director for the Seventh Region, shall, after being signed by Respondent's representa-
tive, be posted by it immediately upon receipt thereof and maintained by it for a
period of 60 consecutive days thereafter in conspicuous places, including all places
were notices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall be
taken by Respondent to insure that said notices are not altered, defaced, or covered
by any other material.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for the Seventh Region, in writing, within 20
days from the date of receipt of this Intermediate Report and Recommended Order,
what steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith.27
I further recommend the dismissal of subparagraphs (c) and (d) of paragraph
8 of the amended consolidated complaint.
° If this Recommended Order is adopted by the Board , the words "A Decision and
Order" shall be substituted for the words "The Recommended Order of a Trial Examiner"
in the notice . In the further event that the Board 's Order is enforced by a decree of a
United States 'Court of Appeals , the words "A Decree of the United States 'Court of
Appeals, Enforcing an Order" shall be substituted for the words "A Decision and Order."
27 If this Recommended Order is adopted by the Board , this provision shall be modified
to read: "Notify said Regional Director, in writing , within 10 days from the date of this
Order, what steps Respondent has taken to comply herewith."
PROGRAM PUBLISHING CO. 95
APPENDIX
NOTICE To ALL EMPLOYEES
Pursuant to the Recommended Order of a Trial Examiner of the National Labor
Relations Board , and in order to effectuate the policies of the National Labor
Relations Act, we hereby notify you that:
WE WILL NOT interrogate our employees concerning their testifying in Board
proceedings in a manner constituting interference, restraint, or coercion in
violation of Section 8 (a)(1) of the Act.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with discharge or other reprisals because
of their union or concerted activities.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with discharge for displaying union
contract books in their pockets.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, restrain, or coerce
our employees in the exercise of the right to self-organization, to form labor
organizations, to join or assist Local 243, International Brotherhood of Team-
sters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Helpers of America, Ind., or any other
labor organization, to bargain collectively through representatives of their
own choosing, and to engage in collective bargaining or other mutual aid or
protection, or to refrain from any or all such activities, except to the extent
that such right may be affected by an agreement requiring membership in a
labor organization as authorized by the National Labor Relations Act.
MONTGOMERY WARD & CO., INCORPORATED,
Employer.
Dated------------------- By-------------------------------------------(Representative) (Title)
This notice must remain posted for 60 consecutive days from the date of posting,
and must not be altered, defaced, or covered by any other material.
Employees may communicate directly with the Board's Regional Office, 500 Book
Building, 1249 Washington Boulevard, Detroit 26, Michigan, Telephone No.
963-9330, if they have any questions concerning this notice or compliance with its
provisions.
Arthur Klar, d/b/a Program Publishing Co.; National Pub-
lishers, Inc. and Anthony Fasanaro
Local H-63, Motion Picture Home Office Employees , Stage Em-
ployees and Moving Picture Machine Operators, AFL-CIO
and Anthony Fasanaro . Cases Nos. 2-CA-9427 and 2-CB-3779.
February 25, 1964
DECISION AND ORDER
On November 4, 1963, Trial Examiner Robert E. Mullin issued his
Decision in the above-entitled proceeding, finding that the Respond-
ents had engaged in and were engaging in certain unfair labor prac-
tices and recommending that they cease and desist therefrom and take
certain affirmative action, as set forth in the attached Trial Examiner's
Decision. Thereafter, the Respondent Union filed exceptions to the
Trial Examiner's Decision and a supporting brief.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 (b) of the National Labor
Relations Act, the Board has delegated its powers in connection with
these cases to a three-member panel [Chairman McCulloch and Mem-
bers Leedom and Brown].
146 NLRB No. 12.
744-670-65-vol. 146-8