Kurdziel Iron of Wauseon, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 30, 1998

327 N.L.R.B. 155 (N.L.R.B. 1998)

KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON 155
Kurdziel Iron of Wauseon, Inc. and International
Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, Agricul-
tural Implement Workers of America, UAW.
Case 8–CA–28930
November 30, 1998
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS FOX, LIEBMAN, AND HURTGEN
On December 12, 1997, Administrative Law Judge
Margaret M. Kern issued the attached decision. The
General Counsel filed exceptions, a supporting brief, and
an answering brief to the Respondent’s cross-exceptions.
The Respondent filed cross-exceptions, a supporting
brief, and an answering brief to the General Counsel’s
exceptions.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions as
modified below and to adopt the recommended Order as
modified.2
1. The judge dismissed the complaint allegation that
the Respondent violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) by fail-
ing to give bargaining unit employees a wage increase in
1996. The judge found that the evidence was insufficient
to show that the Respondent had a pattern or practice of
granting cost-of-living increases on an annual basis. The
judge also rejected the General Counsel’s alternative
theory that the Respondent had an established practice of
giving the same wage increase to employees at the Wau-
seon facility that it gave to employees at another plant
(the Britt plant) and that it had unlawfully unilaterally
discontinued that practice. We disagree.
As the judge found, during the first week of October
1994 and 1995, the Respondent granted increases of 3.75
percent and 2.75 percent, respectively, to employees at
both its Wauseon and Britt facilities. In October 1996,
after the Union was certified to represent employees at
the Wauseon facility, the Respondent granted a 3-percent
increase to employees at the Britt facility, but did not
give any increase to employees at the Wauseon facility.
The Britt facility has been in operation since 1991 or
1992. The Respondent commenced operations at the
Wauseon facility in March 1993. The facilities are lo-
cated in the same town and share a plant manager. Con-
trary to the judge, we find that the General Counsel has
introduced sufficient evidence to show that the Respon-
dent had an established practice of granting increases at
the Wauseon facility that were pegged to increases given
at the Britt facility. In our view, the fact that the 1995
and 1996 increases were identical at the Britt and Wau-
seon facilities warrants an inference that the Respondent
applied common criteria to determine the increase to be
given at those facilities, and that if it had continued that
practice, it would have again granted identical increases
at the Britt and Wauseon facilities in 1996.3 Plant Super-
intendent Gary Schwert’s response to a question by em-
ployee Thomas Bishard just before the decertification
election in April 1997, indicating that, if the employees
voted the Union out, they would get a 3-percent increase4
provides further support for that conclusion. Accord-
ingly, we find that the Respondent violated Section
8(a)(5) and (1) by failing to bargain to agreement or im-
passe with the Union before discontinuing its practice of
granting an October wage increase to bargaining unit
employees.

1 In the absence of exceptions, we adopt the judge’s dismissals of the
complaint allegations that the Respondent violated Sec. 8(a)(1) and (5)
through the conduct of Bob Robertson with respect posting a notice to
employees regarding reduction of their lunch and break periods.
2 Consistent with Excel Container, Inc., 325 NLRB 17 (1997), we
have also revised the triggering date of the Respondent’s notice-mailing
obligation to the date of the first unfair labor practice.
On the basis of Schwert’s statement that the increase
that had been withheld would be granted if the employ-
ees voted the Union out, we also find that the withhold-
ing of the increase violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) as
alleged in the complaint.
2. We agree with the judge that the Respondent’s
threat of a unilateral reduction in lunch and break times
violated Section 8(a)(5) and (1) of the Act. As the judge
found, three employees were summoned into the office
of Plant Superintendent Schwert, who told them lunch
breaks were limited to 20 minutes and morning breaks
limited to 10 minutes; and when employee Arroyo took
issue with this, Schwert displayed a copy of a memo stat-
ing: “Just a ‘Reminder Memo’ your lunch breaks are 20
minutes.” Schwert told them that the Respondent had
posted the memo. Even if the announced reduction did
not finally result in the actual curtailment of employees’
breaks, the damage to the bargaining relationship was
accomplished. This occurred “simply by the message to
the employees that the Respondent was taking it on it-
self” to set an important term and condition of employ-
ment, thereby suggesting the irrelevance of the employ-
ees’ collective-bargaining representative. ABC Automo-
3 Member Hurtgen, in his partial dissent, notes the absence of evi-
dence regarding wage increases at the two plants in the years prior to
1995. In the absence of evidence that the two plants were treated dif-
ferently prior to 1994, we are unwilling to disregard the common prac-
tice for the two plants in 1994 and 1995 in assessing the pattern that
should have been adhered to in October 1996.
4 Schwert testified that he told Bishard that it was his “opinion” that
if there were no Union, employees would get the increases. In our view
it is immaterial whether Schwert preceded his response by stating that it
was his opinion. Schwert was the plant superintendent, a member of
the management negotiating team. Thus, his “opinion” as to what
would occur could reasonably be regarded as tantamount to a statement
of what would in fact occur.
This statement was not alleged or litigated by the General Counsel
as a promise of benefit to induce decertification, in violation of Sec.
8(a)(1). Instead it was alleged only as a form of direct dealing. For
reasons stated below, we adopt the judge’s dismissal of that allegation.
327 NLRB No. 44
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 156
tive Products Corp., 307 NLRB 248, 250 (1992), and
cases there cited. From the employees’ perspective in
that encounter with Schwert, the threatened limit on
break times was as much “in place” as the threatened
change in health and welfare coverage for the strikers in
ABC Automotive, who might later return to their jobs.
Finally, we note that the amount of time a worker is al-
lowed for lunch is one of those daily conditions of em-
ployment that the collective-bargaining representative is
counted on to protect. “[T]he availability of food during
working hours and the conditions under which it is to be
consumed are matters of deep concern to workers, and
one need not strain to consider them to be among those
‘conditions’ of employment that should be subject to the
mutual duty to bargain” (emphasis added). Ford Motor
Co. v. NLRB, 441 U.S. 488, 498 (1979). Since the pre-
sent case involves working hours—at the core of subjects
to which the statutory bargaining obligation applies—as
well as to workday lunches, the Court’s observation has
special force here. Schwert’s brandishing of the memo
he claimed had been posted essentially told the employ-
ees that their representative had no voice in this matter.
3. We agree that the judge did not err in dismissing the
allegation that the Respondent engaged in direct dealing
with a unit employee over wages, in violation of Section
8(a)(5) and (1).
We rely on the reasons set forth by the judge, and we
note particularly that the conversation between Thomas
Bishard, who was a member of the Union’s negotiating
committee, and Plant Manager Gary Schwert was initi-
ated by Bishard. Further, according to Bishard’s testi-
mony, it was Bishard who phrased the question as to
whether the employees would receive a raise and better
benefits “if the Union were voted out,” and when
Schwert started his answer by stating, “in my opinion,”
Bishard interrupted him, said he did not want Schwert’s
opinion, and demanded an answer. We agree with the
judge that Bishard initiated the conversation with
Schwert, not as an individual employee, but rather in his
role as a member of the Union’s negotiating committee,
and that Schwert’s answer in no way constituted an at-
tempt to bypass the Union’s bargaining authority.5
AMENDED CONCLUSION OF LAW
Insert the following as Conclusion of Law 6.
“6. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(5),(3) and (1) of
the Act by unilaterally withholding an annual wage in-
crease from bargaining unit employees in 1996.”
AMENDED REMEDY
Substitute the following for the third paragraph.
“Affirmatively, the Respondent must rescind, in writ-
ing, any and all memoranda, including but not limited to
the April 22, 1997 interoffice memo, which states, in

5 As noted above, this statement was alleged only as an 8(a)(5) and
(1) direct dealing violation.
substance, that employees’ lunch period is less than 30
minutes or that employees’ morning break period is less
than 15 minutes. A copy of the decision, signed by an
authorized representative of Respondent, shall be mailed
to the Union. Respondent must make whole all eligible
bargaining unit employees by paying them the October
1996 3-percent annual wage increase and for all lost
earnings at the higher rate and other benefits suffered as
a result of the discrimination against them. Backpay
shall be computed as described in F. W. Woolworth Co.,
90 NLRB 289 (1950), with interest as described in New
Horizons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987). The
Respondent must also meet and bargain, on request, with
the Union in a timely manner without regard to the par-
ticipation or presence of a mediator at any bargaining
session.”
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, Kurdziel Iron of Wauseon, Inc., Wauseon,
Ohio, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Threatening to unilaterally reduce employees’
lunch and morning break periods without first notifying
the Union and giving the Union an opportunity to bar-
gain about such changes.
(b) Unilaterally withholding from and failing to give
bargaining unit employees an October 1996 annual wage
increase of 3 percent.
(c) Insisting on the presence of a mediator as a precon-
dition to meeting and bargaining with the Union.
(d) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Rescind, in writing, any and all memoranda,
including but not limited to the April 22, 1997 interoffice
memo, which states, in substance, that employees’ lunch
period is less than 30 minutes or that employees’ morn-
ing break period is less than 15 minutes. A copy of the
rescission, signed by an authorized representative of the
Respondent, shall be mailed to the Union within 14 days
from the date of this Order.
(b) Make all eligible bargaining unit employees whole
by paying them the October 1996 3-percent annual wage
increase and for any loss of earnings at the higher rate
and other benefits suffered as a result of the discrimina-
tion against them plus interest, in the manner set forth in
the amended remedy section of this decision.
(c) Meet and bargain, upon request, with the Union re-
garding terms and conditions of employment of the em-
ployees in the following appropriate unit in a timely
manner and without regard to the participation or pres-
ence of a mediator at any bargaining session:

KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON 157
All full-time and regular part-time production and
maintenance employees employed by the Respondent
at its 620 W. Leggett, Wauseon, Ohio facility, but ex-
cluding all managerial employees, technical employees,
truck drivers, office clerical employees, and profes-
sional employees, guards and supervisors as defined in
the Act.

(d) Preserve and, within 14 days of request, make
available to the Board or its agents for examination and
copying, all records necessary to determine that the terms
of this Order have been complied with.
(e) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its Wauseon facility in Wauseon, Ohio, copies of the
attached notice marked “Appendix.”6 Copies of the no-
tice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for Re-
gion 8, after being signed by the Respondent’s author-
ized representative, shall be posted by the Respondent
immediately upon receipt and maintained for 60 con-
secutive days in conspicuous places including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted.
Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to
ensure that the notices are not altered, defaced, or cov-
ered by any other material. In the event that, during the
pendency of these proceedings, the Respondent has gone
out of business or closed the facility involved in these
proceedings, the Respondent shall duplicate and mail, at
its own expense, a copy of the notice to all current em-
ployees and former employees employed by the Respon-
dent at any time since October 1966.
(f) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint is
dismissed insofar as it alleges violations of the Act not
specifically found.

MEMBER HURTGEN, dissenting in part.
I agree, for the reasons stated by my colleagues, that
the judge appropriately dismissed the allegations that the
Respondent engaged in direct dealing with unit employ-
ees.
I would not find that Respondent violated Section
8(a)(5) by announcing to three employees a reduction in
lunch and break times. The General Counsel did not al-
lege, and the judge did not find, that this conduct was an
independent violation of Section 8(a)(1). Instead, the
allegation was that Respondent “threatened” a unilateral
change, in violation of Section 8(a)(5). However, there
was no showing that Respondent intended to accomplish

6 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.
the change without bargaining. Indeed, one of the three
employees was a member of the Union’s negotiating
committee. Further, and most importantly, no change
(unilateral or otherwise) ever occurred. In these circum-
stances, I see no basis for finding an 8(a)(5) violation.
ABC Automotive, 307 NLRB 248 (1992), is distin-
guishable. In that case, “the unilateral change was effec-
tively implemented when it was announced”. Id at 250.
That is, the new condition was instantly in place, and it
would apply to strikers as and when they returned. By
contrast, in the instant case, the change was never im-
plemented. Further, unlike my colleagues, I would not
conclude that the Respondent’s announcement of a 10-
minute reduction in the lunch period and a 5-minute re-
duction in the morning break period necessarily con-
veyed the message that the Union’s role as bargaining
representative was irrelevant. I do not quarrel with the
proposition that lunch and break times are mandatory
subjects of bargaining. I simply conclude that the mere
communication here was not a refusal to bargain.
In addition, like the judge and contrary to my col-
leagues, I find that the General Counsel failed to estab-
lish that the Respondent’s failure to grant a pay raise to
the Wauseon employees in October 1996, violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(5). In essence, the General Counsel demon-
strated only that Wauseon employees got raises in Octo-
ber 1994 and 1995, and that those two raises were of the
same amount as those given for the same years to em-
ployees at the Respondent’s Britt plant. The Wauseon
facility was opened in July 993 and the Britt plant has
operated since 1991 or 1992. However, the General
Counsel failed to show whether October raises were
given at either facility prior to 1994. In sum, the evidence
shows wage increases at Britt for 3 of its 5–6 years, and
wage increases at Wauseon for 2 of its 4 years. In my
view, this sparse evidence falls far short of establishing
that the Respondent had an established “October” prac-
tice of giving Wauseon employees the same raise that
was given to Britt employees. As the judge correctly
concluded, under the criteria set forth in Dynatron/Bondo
Corp., 323 NLRB 1263 (1997), the General Counsel
failed to establish that Respondent had any established
pattern or practice of granting wage increases. In addi-
tion, as the judge noted, the General Counsel failed to
show the criteria for the Respondent’s 1994 and 1995
raises. These two raises were not of the same amount.
My colleagues also rely on an alleged statement, in
April 1997, to show a past practice as of October 1996.
Apart from the chronological distortion, the statement
does not establish a past practice. Plant Superintendent
Schwert allegedly said that Wauseon employees would
get a raise if the Union was decertified. Schwert testified
that he prefaced his remark by saying that it was only his
opinion. Even the General Counsel’s complaint does not
allege that this expression of opinion was violative of
Section 8(a)(1). In addition, Schwert did not say that the
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 158
raise would come in October 1997, and he did not say
anything at all about Britt. Thus, the Schwert statement
does not show a link between Britt and Wauseon or an
“October” pattern.
Finally, and in view of all of the above, the alleged
statement of April 1997 does not establish discrimination
in October 1996.

APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to
post and abide by this notice.

Section 7 of the Act gives employees these rights.
To organize
To form, join, or assist any union
To bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choice
To act together for other mutual aid or protection
To choose not to engage in any of these protected
concerted activities.

WE WILL NOT threaten to unilaterally reduce em-
ployees’ lunch period and morning break period without
first notifying the Union and giving the Union an oppor-
tunity to bargain about such changes.
WE WILL NOT unilaterally withhold and fail to give
to bargaining unit employees the 1996 annual October
wage increase.
WE WILL NOT insist on the presence of a mediator as
a precondition to meeting and bargaining with the Union.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL rescind any and all memoranda, including
but not limited to the April 22, 1997 interoffice memo,
which states, in substance, that employees’ lunch period
is less than 30 minutes or that employees’ morning break
period is less than 15 minutes.
WE WILL make whole all eligible bargaining unit
employees by paying to them the October 1996 annual
wage increase of 3 percent and for any loss of earnings at
the higher rate and other benefits suffered as a result of
the discrimination against them plus interest.
WE WILL meet and bargain, on request, with the Un-
ion regarding terms and conditions of employment of the
employees in the following appropriate unit in a timely
manner and without regard to the participation or pres-
ence of a mediator at any bargaining session:

All full-time and regular part-time production and
maintenance employees employed by us at our 620 W.
Leggett, Wauseon, Ohio facility, but excluding all
managerial employees, technical employees, truck
drivers, office clerical employees, and professional em-
ployees, guards and supervisors as defined in the Act.

KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON, INC.

Rufus L. Warr, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Robert W. Sikkel, Esq. and Robert Dubault, Esq., for the Re-
spondent.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
MARGARET M. KERN, Administrative Law Judge. This
case was tried before me in Toledo, Ohio, on October 6, 1997.1
The complaint, which issued on July 29, was based on unfair
labor practice charges filed on April 3 and 8 and May 13 by the
International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, Agricul-
tural Implement Workers of America, UAW (the Union)
against Kurdziel Iron of Wauseon, Inc. (the Respondent).
The complaint alleges and Respondent admits that on March
19, 1996, the Union was certified as the exclusive collective-
bargaining representative of the production and maintenance
employees employed by Respondent at its Wauseon, Ohio fa-
cility (the Wauseon facility). Respondent further admits that on
June 11, following a recertification election, the Union was
again certified, and that at all times since March 19, 1996, the
Union has been the exclusive collective-bargaining representa-
tive of the employees in the unit.
The complaint alleges and Respondent denies that in October
1996, Respondent failed to give bargaining unit employees a
customary cost-of-living wage increase of 3 percent in violation
of Section 8(a)(1), (3), and (5) of the Act. It is further alleged
and denied that on or about April 10, Respondent bypassed the
Union and dealt directly with employees, that on April 18 or 19
Respondent posted a notice which unilaterally reduced the
lunch and break periods, and that from March 24 to July 22,
Respondent failed and refused to meet and bargain with the
Union, all in violation of Section 8(a)(1) and (5) of the Act.
For the reasons set forth here, I find that Respondent unlaw-
fully threatened to unilaterally reduce the lunch and break peri-
ods, and failed to meet and bargain collectively with the Union
from the period March 24 to July 22 in violation of Section
8(a)(1) and (5) of the Act. The remaining allegations of the
complaint are without merit, and I recommend their dismissal.
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
The Respondent admits and I find that it is an employer en-
gaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6),
and (7) of the Act.
II. LABOR ORGANIZATION STATUS
The Respondent admits, and I find that the Union is a labor
organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.

1 All dates are in 1997 unless otherwise indicated.
KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON 159
III. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background
Respondent is engaged in the manufacture of iron castings
and commenced operations at the Wauseon facility in or about
July 1993. The Union began an organizing effort in December
1995, which culminated in the Union’s certification on March
19, 1996, in the following appropriate unit:

All full-time and regular part-time production and mainte-
nance employees employed by the Respondent at its 620 W.
Leggett, Wauseon, Ohio facility, but excluding all managerial
employees, technical employees, truck drivers, office clerical
employees, and professional employees, guards and supervi-
sors as defined in the Act.

On March 24, a recertification petition was filed, and on
April 17, an election was conducted in which a majority of
ballots was not cast in favor of recertification. Objections to the
election were filed by Respondent on April 24. On June 11, the
Board again certified the Union as the collective-bargaining
representative of employees. With the exception of the period
between March 24 and July 22, it is not in dispute that the par-
ties have met on a regular basis to bargain collectively. There
has never been a declaration of impasse, although an agreement
has not been reached.
B. Wage Increases
Since July 1993, Respondent has given quarterly automatic
raises to those unit employees who work 520 hours in a calen-
dar quarter. These raises continue until the employee reaches
the top of the wage scale for his or her job classification. The
quarterly raises are not at issue in this proceeding.
In addition to the quarterly raises, Respondent has given two
other wage increases to employees, one in the first week of
October 1994, and the second in the first week of October
1995. Thomas Bishard has worked for Respondent as a forklift
driver since July 1993 and in October 1994, he received a 42-
cent-per-hour increase. Bishard testified that there was no an-
nouncement by Respondent as to the nature of the raise, but
that Kathy Clapfish, a personnel director, told him at the time
that it was the annual cost-of-living increase. This conversation
took place in the office, and no one else was present. Clapfish
is not alleged in the complaint to be a supervisor or agent of
Respondent, and she did not testify.
In the first week of October 1995, employees received the
other wage increase. Casey Arroyo, an employee, estimated the
amount he received to be approximately 3 percent of his wages.
Neither Arroyo nor Bishard were informed by any management
representative as to the basis for the second raise.
The Respondent introduced two one-page documents relat-
ing to the October wage increases. The first document reflects
that, an increase of 3.75 percent to base wage rates was ap-
proved for all hourly employees effective October 3, 1994. The
second document reflects that an increase of 2.75 percent to
base wage rates was approved for all hourly employees effec-
tive October 9, 1995. Michael McQuinn, Respondent’s human
resources manager, testified that since he was hired in May
1997, he has been applying the wage rates contained in the
October 1995 memo, and that he was otherwise unfamiliar with
the circumstances surrounding the October wage increases in
1994 and 1995. At no time was McQuinn ever advised that
Respondent had a cost-of-living program or that Respondent
grants cost-of-living adjustments on an annual basis. McQuinn
is not alleged in the complaint to be a supervisor or agent of
Respondent.
The Respondent maintains an employee handbook which
does not contain any reference to cost-of-living adjustments.
C. The Britt Facility
Gary Schwert, Respondent’s plant superintendent since No-
vember 1996 and an admitted supervisor and agent, testified in
response to questions by the General Counsel that Kurdziel has
another facility in Wauseon called Britt Industries (the Britt
facility), and that the Wauseon facility and the Britt facility
have a common plant manager. No other evidence was adduced
as to the nature of the relationship between the Wauseon facil-
ity and the Britt facility.
Steven Wenk, vice president for human resources and an
admitted supervisor, testified that the Britt facility began oper-
ating 1 or 2 years before the Wauseon facility, and that the
same wage increases were given to Britt employees in October
1994 and October 1995 as were given to the employees at the
Wauseon facility. However, in October 1996, a 3-percent wage
increase was given to employees at the Britt facility, but not to
employees at the Wauseon facility. Wenk was not asked to
explain the basis of the raises given at either the Wauseon or
Britt facilities.
D. 1996–1997 Negotiations
Following the Union’s initial certification in March 1996,
Bishard joined the union negotiating committee and attended
every bargaining session. Bishard testified, and it is not in dis-
pute, that prior to October 1996, the “October raise” was not
discussed during negotiations On October 18, 1996, Bishard
questioned Respondent’s representatives about the failure to
give employees what they had come to expect as the October
cost-of-living increase. Robert Sikkel, counsel for Respondent
herein, told Bishard that employees had never gotten a cost-of-
living increase and that cost-of-living increases were breaking
companies. Bishard asked if the employees had gotten the
raises in October 1994 and October 1995 out of the goodness of
the Company’s heart, and Wenk responded yes. Wenk was not
asked during his testimony whether he ever made this state-
ment.
The failure to give a raise in the first week of October 1996
was discussed several times after October 18, 1996. Arroyo
recalled one bargaining session at which he was present when
Bishard asked why employees had not received the October
1996 cost-of-living increase, and the Company’s response was
since the parties were in negotiations, all raises had to be nego-
tiated.
Dan Twiss is the Union’s servicing representative and, like
Bishard, attended all of the bargaining sessions with Respon-
dent. Twiss acknowledged that at the first bargaining session in
early 1996, the Union presented a complete contract proposal
which included a proposed cost-of-living increase. Cost of liv-
ing was not, however, discussed in negotiations until the Octo-
ber 18, 1996 session. Twiss’ testimony was corroborative of
Arroyo’s in that Twiss recalled that each time the cost-of-living
increase was discussed, Sikkel’s response was that all wage
increases had to be negotiated.
Bishard testified that sometime in early 1997, he had a con-
versation with a supervisor, Larry Jeffries. Bishard asked
Jeffries why there had not been a cost-of-living increase in
October 1996, and Jeffries said it was because of the Union.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 160
Jeffries is not alleged in the complaint as a supervisor or agent
of Respondent, and he did not testify.
E. Allegation of Direct Dealing with Employees
The testimony of Twiss establishes that during the course of
negotiations, the parties discussed a 3-percent wage increase,
improved health insurance, and a 401(k) plan.
Bishard testified that on April 10, 1 week before the recerti-
fication election, he was on the molding floor and he asked
Schwert the question that if the Union were voted out, would
employees receive a 3-percent raise, better health insurance,
and a 401(k) plan. Bishard testified that Schwert started to an-
swer by stating, “in my opinion.” Bishard interrupted him and
said he did not want Schwert’s opinion, he wanted an answer,
and Schwert said yes, if the Union were voted out, these in-
creases would be given.
Schwert testified that Bishard approached him and asked him
about rumors he had heard of a 3-percent wage increase and an
HMO. Bishard asked Schwert if he thought employees would
get these benefits if there was no union. Schwert testified that
he told Bishard that it was his opinion that if there were no
union, employees would get a 3-percent raise and an HMO.
F. Notice Posting Reducing Lunch and Break Periods
It is not in dispute that at all times relevant to this proceed-
ing, unit employees have been allowed a 30-minute lunch pe-
riod and a 15-minute morning break period. Schwert testified
that when he first was employed by Respondent, he had been
told by Clapfish that lunch was 20 minutes, but he acknowl-
edged that the lunch break has always been 30 minutes. The
employee handbook provides that the morning break period is
15 minutes, but has no provision relating to the lunch period.
The length of the lunch and break periods was discussed during
negotiating sessions, and it was agreed that they would remain
30 minutes and 15 minutes respectively, consistent with past
practice.
On or about April 18, the day after the recertification elec-
tion, unidentified employees told Bishard that Todd Bingham, a
supervisor, had told them that the lunch period was 20 minutes
and the morning break period was 10 minutes. Bishard testified
that he asked Schwert about Bingham’s alleged statement the
next day, and Schwert responded that Bingham was just mad
about the recertification vote. Schwert did not testify about the
substance of this conversation.
Arroyo testified that sometime in April, he saw the following
interoffice memo:

Date: April 22, 1997
Subject: Lunch Breaks
From: Management
To: All Employees

Just a “Reminder Memo” your lunch breaks are 20 minutes.

Arroyo did not say where he saw the memo or how he came to
read it. He did not testify that the memo was posted, only that
he saw it for the first time in April.
Sometime in June, Schwert observed two employees, Jerry
Patterson and Richard Smith, sitting at a break table. One hour
later, Schwert returned, and the two were still sitting at the
same table. Schwert summoned the two employees into his
office together with Arroyo. Schwert told the employees that
lunch was 20 minutes and the morning break was 10 minutes.
Arroyo took issue with Schwert’s description of the breaks, and
stated that the breaks were 30 minutes and 15 minutes. Schwert
responded that the Company had posted a memo, and he
showed them a copy of the April 22 memo.
Bishard testified that sometime in 1997, Bob Robertson, a
day-shift supervisor, posted a notice on the lunchroom bulletin
board which was addressed to the molding and core setting
department employees. The memo, which was not introduced
into evidence, was described as stating that the lunch period
was 20 minutes and the morning break period was 10 minutes.
Bishard asked Robertson about the memo, and pointed out to
him that the times were incorrect. According to Bishard, Rob-
ertson immediately took out a pen, crossed out the incorrect
times, and inserted the correct times of 30 minutes for lunch
and 15 minutes for the morning break.
G. Allegation of a Refusal to Meet During the Pendency of the
Recertification Petition
The parties stipulated that no bargaining session was held
from March 24 to July 22, and a series of letters that was ex-
changed between the parties regarding the scheduling of bar-
gaining sessions during this period was introduced.
By letter dated March 10, Twiss advised Wenk that the em-
ployees had failed to ratify Respondent’s contract proposal the
day before, and that Twiss was ready to resume negotiations.
By letter dated March 13, Wenk advised Twiss that the un-
ratified contract proposal which had been sent to the Union on
February 21 was a final proposal. Wenk stated that Respondent
was willing to meet to answer any comments or concerns about
the final proposal or to discuss any changes in the Union’s pro-
posal. He then added, “However, if such a meeting is to take
place, we believe a mediator must be involved.” Wenk then
indicated that Respondent was available to meet on April 17.
Both sides contacted Federal Mediator Rick Terpainski, and
a bargaining session was scheduled for April 17. Twiss subse-
quently developed a scheduling conflict and the session was
canceled. The next date that Terpainski was available was July
22.
By letter dated April 21, Twiss advised Wenk that he was
ready to resume contract talks.
By letter dated April 23, Wenk advised Twiss that he be-
lieved that improper tactics were used by union supporters
which influenced the result of the recertification election, and
that Respondent intended to file “an appeal” with the Board. He
then added, “It may be prudent to find out what the NLRB rules
on improper election tactics by UAW supporters prior to meet-
ing. We will await your correspondence outlining your thoughts
on a next meeting date.”
By letter dated May 5, Twiss advised Wenk that regardless
of Respondent’s objections to the conduct of the recertification
election, the Union was still the bargaining agent for employees
and was ready to resume negotiations as soon as possible.
Twiss requested that Wenk call him to set up dates.
By letter dated May 12, Wenk reminded Twiss that Respon-
dent was willing to meet but that “the involvement of a media-
tor was necessary.” He pointed out that a meeting had been set
up by Mediator Rick Terpainski which was later canceled at
Twiss’ request. Wenk wrote, “If you now wish to meet for the
above purpose, please have Mr. Terpainski coordinate the
meeting date, time, and location.”
By letter dated May 21, Twiss advised Wenk that Wenk’s
suggestion that a Federal mediator participate in negotiations
was acceptable to the Union, but that any meeting must be
KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON 161
“without the imposition of preconditions.” Again, Twiss asked
that Wenk contact him to arrange a date for the meeting.
By letter dated May 23, Wenk advised Twiss that Respon-
dent continued to be willing to meet, and reminded Twiss that it
was the Union that had canceled the April meeting. He then
wrote, “We suggest that mediator Rick Terpainski schedule
mutually acceptable meeting locations and times.”
IV. ANALYSIS
A. The Failure to Give the October 1996 Raise
When an employer, by promise or by course of conduct, has
made a particular benefit part of the established wage or com-
pensation system, he is not at liberty unilaterally to change this
benefit either for better or worse during the period of collective
bargaining. Daily News of Los Angeles, 315 NLRB 1236,
1237–1238 (1994), enfd. 73 F.3d 406 (D.C. Cir. 1996). The
issue presented here is whether the increases given in October
1994 and October 1995 became part of the established structure
of compensation for Respondent’s employees, such that the
admitted failure to give a similar raise in October 1996 without
first bargaining with the Union constituted an unlawful unilat-
eral change in a condition of employment. I find that the evi-
dence is insufficient to establish a violation.
The first of General Counsel’s theories, and the theory that is
alleged in the complaint, is that the Respondent had an estab-
lished practice of granting cost-of-living increases. The sole
evidence adduced was the testimony of Bishard, which I credit,
that in 1994, Clapfish told him that the October raise was an
annual cost-of-living increase. While the General Counsel ar-
gues that this statement is binding on Respondent, he failed to
establish any legal basis for that liability. Clapfish was not al-
leged in the complaint either as a supervisor or as an agent of
Respondent within the meaning of the Act. Nor did General
Counsel move to amend the complaint during the hearing or in
his posthearing brief. This failure cannot, in my opinion, be
dismissed as mere oversight, as Clapfish’s status vis-a-vis Re-
spondent is critical to the General Counsel’s case. In the ab-
sence of the issue being properly joined by complaint and an-
swer, there is no basis to conclude that Clapfish was a supervi-
sor or agent of Respondent. Likra, Inc., 321 NLRB 134 (1996);
Q-1 Motor Express, Inc., 308 NLRB 1267, 1268 (1992), enfd.
25 F.3d 473 (7th Cir. 1994), cert. denied 513 U.S. 1080 (1995).
Nor can it be said that the issue of Clapfish’s supervisory or
agency status was fully litigated at the hearing. The sum total of
evidence regarding Clapfish was Bishard’s description of her as
a personal director who hired employees, and Schwert’s refer-
ence to her as the person who had misinformed him about the
length of the employee lunch period. I do not believe that these
limited references constitute a sufficient record upon which to
make a determination of supervisory or agency status. While
Bishard may have perceived Clapfish as the person who hired
employees, his perception may not have been accurate. Clap-
fish may have been acting at the direction of a superior when
she participated in the hiring process, and may not have been
exercising independent judgment. Nor is there any evidence
that when she spoke with Bishard, alone, about the cost-of-
living increase that she had either actual or apparent authority
to make this representation on Respondent’s behalf. The record
is simply silent as to these facts, and in the absence of such
evidence, any conclusion regarding Clapfish’s status would be
speculation.
Finally, the General Counsel did not adduce any evidence
other than Clapfish’s observation to establish that the October
raises were based upon cost-of-living considerations. The Re-
spondent flatly denied during the October 18, 1996 bargaining
session that it had ever given cost-of-living increases. The
memoranda setting forth the wage increases did not mention
either the term “annual” or “cost of living.” John Allemier, the
plant superintendent who authored the memoranda, was not
called to testify, and Schwert and Wenk who did testify were
not asked about the memoranda. Finally, McQuinn testified that
he was not aware that Respondent ever granted cost-of-living
adjustments on an annual basis.
Based on the foregoing, I find that the General Counsel has
failed to prove the complaint allegation that Respondent unlaw-
fully failed to grant employees a customary cost-of-living in-
crease.
The second of General Counsel’s theories which is not al-
leged in the complaint but which is alluded to by the evidence,
is that the increases given to Respondent’s employees at the
Wauseon facility were pegged to the increases given at the Britt
facility, and that the Britt facility raises therefore became part
of the established wage structure for Respondent’s employees.
Once again, there is no evidence that the raises given at the
Britt facility were the criteria for the Wauseon facility raises,
other than the fact that for 2 years, employees at both facilities
received the same across-the-board increase. It is the burden of
the General Counsel to establish by a preponderance of the
evidence that these increases constituted a pattern and practice
by Respondent, and was not a mere coincidence between
loosely affiliated companies. I find the General Counsel has
failed to meet that burden.
In Dynatron/Bondo Corp., 323 NLRB 1263 (1997), the
Board considered five factors in determining whether an em-
ployer had an established pattern or practice of granting wage
increases: (1) the criteria for granting the wage increase; (2) the
timing of the increase; (3) the amount of the increase; (4) which
employees received the increase; and (5) whether the increase
had been granted over a significant period of time. The most
critical flaw in the General Counsel’s case here is that the first
Dynatron factor, the criteria for granting the 1994 and 1995
wage increases, was not established. The increases given by
Respondent may have been based upon cost-of-living indices,
market data, performance or production standards, or any other
set of fixed or discretionary factors. It may well be that in Oc-
tober 1996, Respondent applied the same criteria that it applied
in 1994 and 1995, and determined that no wage increase was
owing. Under such circumstances, there would be no violation
of the Act. See American Packaging Corp., 311 NLRB 482
(1993). In the absence of knowing what the criteria was for
granting the wage increases in 1994 and 1995, it is impossible
to conclude that the Respondent failed to apply that criteria in
withholding the increase in 1996. I also note that although the
increases were given at the same time in 2 successive years, the
amounts of the increase were not equal.
Under all of these circumstances, I find that the evidence is
insufficient to establish that the 1994 and 1995 wage increases
became part of Respondent employees’ established wage struc-
ture and a term and condition of their employment. Respon-
dent’s failure to give a similar increase in October 1996 without
first giving notice to the Union and an opportunity to bargain
did not therefore, violate Section 8(a)(1) and (5) of the Act and
I recommend dismissal of that portion of the complaint.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 162
I also recommend dismissal of that portion of the complaint
alleging that the failure to give the October 1996 increase vio-
lated Section 8(a)(3) of the Act. First, for the reasons already
stated, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the failure
to give a raise constituted a change in past practice. Second,
even if there had been a departure from past practice, the only
evidence to establish union animus as the motive for the change
was the statement attributed to Jeffries, months after the fact,
that the reason the cost-of-living increase had not been given
was because of the Union. Once again, Jeffries was not alleged
in the complaint as a supervisor or agent of the Respondent,
and no evidence was adduced to establish his status as such
other than Bishard’s conclusory characterization of Jeffries as a
“supervisor.” I find there is insufficient evidence to establish a
violation of Section 8(a)(3) of the Act.
B. Allegation of Direct Dealing with Employees
The General Counsel alleges that the conversation between
Bishard and Schwert on April 10 constituted direct dealing by
Respondent with an employee in violation of Section 8(a)(5).
The General Counsel cites no case in support of that proposi-
tion.
It is not in dispute that it was Bishard, not Schwert, who ini-
tiated the April 10 conversation. Bishard was a member of the
negotiating committee at the time of the conversation, and so-
licited Schwert’s opinion about the impact the pending recerti-
fication election might have on future negotiations. General
Counsel cites no case, and I have found none, which supports
the proposition that when a member of a union negotiating
committee asks a question of a member of management’s nego-
tiating committee away from the bargaining table, that the
manager’s response to the question constitutes direct dealing.
There was no attempt by Respondent to negotiate with Schwert
individually, nor was any action taken by Respondent as a re-
sult of the conversation. I therefore recommend dismissal of
this portion of the complaint.
C. Duration of the Break and Lunch Periods
The complaint alleges that on or about April 18 or 19, Re-
spondent posted a notice to employees which reduced the lunch
period from 30 to 20 minutes, and reduced the morning break
from 15 to 10 minutes, without prior notice to the Union and
without affording the Union an opportunity to bargain about the
change. Witnesses for both sides agreed that Respondent never
actually implemented a change with respect to the length of
time given employees for lunch or for their morning break.
There is credible evidence, however, that Respondent threat-
ened employees with a reduction in their lunch and break peri-
ods
Bishard credibly testified that on April 19, the day after the
recertification election, he asked Schwert about a statement
attributed to Todd Bingham that that the lunch and break peri-
ods were being reduced. Schwert responded that Bingham was
just mad about the recertification vote. Once again, I find the
General Counsel’s failure to allege Bingham as a supervisor or
agent of Respondent in the complaint significant. If Bingham
were a statutory supervisor or agent, Schwert may have had an
obligation to disavow his statement. Passavant Memorial Area
Hospital, 237 NLRB 138 (1978). In the absence of any evi-
dence of such status, however, Schwert may correctly have
perceived himself not to be under any obligation to disavow the
sentiments of a disgruntled employee. I therefore decline to
find a violation based on this conversation.
I similarly decline to find a violation on the basis of Bis-
hard’s testimony that sometime in 1997, Bob Robertson, yet
another person not alleged as a statutory agent or supervisor,
posted a notice in the employee lunchroom stating that the
break and lunch periods were reduced. Bishard credibly testi-
fied that when he pointed out the error to Robertson, Robertson
immediately corrected the notice. Assuming this was a notice
posted by Respondent, there is no evidence that any employee
saw the incorrect notice other than Bishard, and the notice was
immediately corrected in his presence. Any violation of the Act
was therefore de minimis, and I decline to find a violation
based upon the posting of this notice.
I do find that the April 22 memo, which Arroyo saw in April,
and which Schwert displayed to Arroyo, Patterson, and Smith
in June did constitute a threat of a unilateral change in the lunch
break. Further, Schwert’s statement to the employees in the
June meeting that lunch was 20 minutes and the morning break
was 10 minutes also constituted a threat of a unilateral change
in these working conditions in violation of Section 8(a)(1) and
(5) of the Act. Page Litho, Inc., 311 NLRB 881 (1993), enfd. in
relevant part 65 F.3d 169 (6th Cir. 1995); Goren Printing Co.,
280 NLRB 1120 (1986).
D. Respondent’s Refusal to Meet and Bargain
The General Counsel contends that Respondent unlawfully
refused to meet and bargain with the Union during the period
March 24 to July 22 by conditioning any meeting between the
parties on the presence of a Federal mediator. Respondent de-
fends its actions, memorialized in the correspondence intro-
duced, as simply a case in which both parties sought to involve
a neutral third party to facilitate the process, but were unable to
find a mutually agreeable date. I find merit to the General
Counsel’s argument.
In each of the letters authored by Twiss, he was unequivocal
in the Union’s willingness to meet and bargain at any time con-
venient to the parties to the negotiations, to wit, the Union and
the Respondent. The first letter sent by Twiss was on March 10,
and 3 days later Wenk responded by stating that a mediator
must be involved. Wenk indicated a willingness to meet on
April 17, the only date during the time period in issue that the
Federal mediator was available. Twiss was amenable to the
participation of a Federal mediator, and agreed to meet on April
17. However, due to a personal scheduling conflict, Twiss had
to cancel the meeting. The next meeting which the mediator
could fit into his schedule was July 22, and Respondent relied
on the mediator’s unavailability as an excuse not to meet and
bargain with the Union until that date. Wenk specifically stated
in the May 12 letter that “the involvement of a mediator was
necessary.” He reiterated this position in his letter of May 23
when he suggested that the mediator, not Twiss, schedule bar-
gaining sessions.
The timing of Respondent’s delaying tactics is not coinci-
dental. The recertification petition was filed on March 24, pre-
cisely the period of time when Respondent preconditioned
meeting with the Union on the presence of a Federal mediator.
Negotiations resumed after the election was over and the Union
was again certified.
I find the Respondent’s insistence on the presence of a me-
diator at bargaining sessions constituted a refusal to meet and
bargain in fact, from March 24 to July 22, and violated Section
8(a)(1) and (5) of the Act. Riverside Cement Co., 305 NLRB
815, 818–819 (1991).
KURDZIEL IRON OF WAUSEON 163
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The Respondent is engaged in commerce within the mean-
ing of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act, and has engaged in
unfair labor practices affecting commerce within the meaning
of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
2. The Union is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. The following unit is appropriate for the purposes of col-
lective bargaining within the meaning of Section 9(b) of the
Act:

All full-time and regular part-time production and mainte-
nance employees employed by the Respondent at its 620 W.
Leggett, Wauseon, Ohio facility, but excluding all managerial
employees, technical employees, truck drivers, office clerical
employees, and professional employees, guards and supervi-
sors as defined in the, Act.

4. The Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and (5) of the
Act on or about April 22, 1997, and in June 1997, by threaten-
ing, both orally and in writing, to unilaterally reduce employ-
ees’ lunch and morning break periods without first notifying the
Union or giving the Union an opportunity to bargain about such
changes.
5. The Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and (5) of the
Act from March 24 to July 22, 1997, by insisting on the pres-
ence of a mediator as a precondition to meeting and bargaining
with the Union.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in certain un-
fair labor practices, I find that it must be ordered to cease and
desist and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act.
Having found that Respondent threatened employees, both
orally and in writing, to unilaterally reduce the lunch and morn-
ing break periods, it shall cease and desist from any such fur-
ther threats.
Affirmatively, Respondent must rescind, in writing, any and
all memoranda, including but not limited to the April 22, 1997
interoffice memo, which state, in substance, that employees’
lunch period is less than 30 minutes or that employees’ morn-
ing break period is less than 15 minutes. A copy of the recision,
signed by an authorized representative of Respondent, shall be
mailed to the Union. Respondent must also meet and bargain,
on request, with the Union in a timely manner without regard to
the participation or presence of a mediator at any bargaining
session.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]