Jones Lumber Company

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Apr 11, 1939

12 N.L.R.B. 209 (N.L.R.B. 1939)

In the Matter of TONES LUMBER COMPANY and LUMBER AND SAWMILL
WORKERS UNION, LOCAL No. 2877 , CHARTERED BY UNITED BROTHER-
HOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, AFFILIATED WITH
THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
In the Matter of B. F. JOHNSON LUMBER COMPANY and LUMBER AND
SAWMILL WORKERS UNION, LOCAL No. 2839, CHARTERED BY UNITED
BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, AFFILIATED
WITH THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
In the Matter Of PORTLAND LUMBER MILLS and LUMBER AND SAWMILL
WORKERS UNION, LOCAL No. 2880, CHARTERED BY UNITED BROTHER-
HOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA, AFFILIATED WITH
THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
In the Matter of EASTERN WESTERN LUMBER COMPANY and LUMBER
AND SAWMILL WORKERS UNION, LOCAL No. 2881, CHARTERED BY
UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS OF AMERICA,
AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
Cases Nos. R-1148, R-1151, R-1153, and R 1155, respectively.-
Decided April 11, 1939
Lumber Industry-Investigation of Representatives : controversy concerning
representation : refusal to sign working agreement with rival union due to peti-
tion requesting investigation and certification filed by petitioning union and fear
of retaliatory action-Unit Appropriate for Collective Bargaining : plant and
production employees excluding office employees, foremen, and other super-
visory employees ; supervisory employees excluded because of objection by one
of two rival labor organizations-Representatives : evidence introduced not
given effect due to employers interference-Elections Ordered
Mr. Thomas P. Graham, Jr., and Mr. Patrick H. Walker, for the
Board.
Mr. Charles E. McCulloch and Mr. Philip Chipman, of Portland,
Oreg., for the Companies.
Mr. Fred Jensen, of Portland, Oreg., for Locals 2887, 2839, 2880,
and 2881.
Mr. Ben Anderson, of Portland, Oreg., for Local 3.
Mr. Albert J. Hoban, of counsel to the Board.
12 N. L. R. B., No. 30.
209
210 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
DECISION
AND
DIRECTIONS OF ELECTIONS
STATEMENT OF THE CASES
Four separate petitions having been filed with the Regional Di-
rector for the Nineteenth Region (Seattle, Washington) by Lumber
and Sawmill Workers Union, Locals 2877, 2839,,2880, and 2881, re-
spectively, chartered by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America, herein called the Carpenters Locals, affiliated
with the American Federation of Labor, alleging that questions
affecting commerce had arisen concerning the representation of em-
ployees of Jones Lumber Company, B. F. Johnson Lumber Company,
Portland Lumber Mills, and Eastern Western Lumber Company, re-
spectively, all of Portland, Oregon, herein collectively called the
Companies, and requesting investigations and certifications of repre-
sentatives pursuant to Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Relations
Act, 49 Stat. 449, herein called the Act, the National Labor Rela-
tions Board, herein called the Board, on November 18, 1938, acting
pursuant to Section 9 (c) of the Act, and Article III, Section 3, of
National Labor Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 1,
as amended, ordered investigations in all four cases and authorized
the Regional Director to conduct them and to provide for appropri-
ate hearings upon due notice.
On November 26, 1938, the Regional Director issued notices of
hearings, copies of which were duly served upon the respective Com-
panies, upon the Carpenters Locals and upon Lumber and Sawmill
Workers Union, Local No. 3, herein called Local 3, affiliated with the
International Woodworkers of America, herein called the I. W. A.,
which is in turn affiliated with the Committee for Industrial Organi-
zation, a labor organization claiming to represent employees directly
affected by the investigations.
Pursuant to amended notices duly served upon the parties, hear-
ings were held on December 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13, 1938, at Port-
land, Oregon, before Thomas H. Kennedy, the Trial Examiner duly
designated by the Board. All parties were represented by counsel
and participated in the hearings. Full opportunity to be heard, to
examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence
bearing on the issues was afforded all parties. During the course
of the hearings the Trial Examiner made several rulings on motions
and on objections to the admission of evidence. The Board has re-
viewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner and finds that no preju-
dicial errors were committed. The rulings are hereby affirmed.
JONES LUMBER COMPANY 211
Pursuant to notice, hearings were held before the Board on Feb-
ruary 8, 1938, in Washington, D. C., for the purpose of oral argu-
ment. Counsel for the Carpenters Locals appeared and submitted
a written memorandum or argument.
Upon the entire record in each case the Board makes the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. THE COMPANIES AND THEIR BUSINESSES
The business of each of the Companies is the manufacture and sale
of lumber and wood products. Each is an Oregon corporation with
its principal place of business located in Portland, Oregon.
All the logs used by Portland Lumber Mills come from the State
of Oregon. The following percentages of logs used by the other
Companies come from the State of Washington :
Jones Lumber Company_____________________________ 2 per cent
B. F. Johnson Lumber Company____________________ 5 " "
Eastern Western Lumber Company__________________ 10
The following percentages of finished products sold by the Com-
panies are shipped to points outside the State of Oregon :
Jones Lumber Company_____________________________ 70 per cent
B. F. Johnson Lumber Company____________________ 99 "
Portland Lumber Mills----------------------------- 75 "
Eastern Western Lumber Company ------------------ 85 " "
The approximate values of the finished products sold annually by
the Companies are as follows :
Jones Lumber Company_______________________________ $805,000
B. F. Johnson Lumber Company______________________ 306,242
Portland Lumber Mills------------------------------- 675,000
Eastern Western Lumber Company____________________ 1,200,000
II. THE ORGANIZAHONS INVOLVED
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Locals 2839, 2877, 2880, and
2881, are labor organizations affiliated with the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of America, which is in turn affiliated with
the American Federation of Labor. Membership in each local is
restricted to the plant and production employees of a particular
Company. Local 2839 admits to membership employees of B. F.
Johnson Lumber Company ; Local 2877, the employees of Jones
Lumber Company; Local 2880, the employees of Portland Lumber
Mills; and Local 2881, the employees of Eastern Western Lumber
Company.
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local No. 3, is a labor or-
ganization affiliated with the International Woodworkers of America,
169134-39-vol. 12-15
212 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
which is in turn affiliated with the Committee for Industrial Organi-
zation. It admits to membership the plant and production employees
of the Companies.
III. THE QUESTIONS CONCERNING REPRESENTATION
From 1933 to 1935 the plant and production employees of the Com-
panies were organized in a Federal Union, directly affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor. In 1935 the Federal Union affiliated
with the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America,
herein called the Carpenters, and became Lumber and Sawmill
Workers, Local 2532, herein called Local 2532. In August 1937, for
reasons with which we are not concerned, the membership of Local
2532 voted to apply for a charter from the I. W. A. The charter
was installed on August 14, 1937, and the employees theretofore
members of Local 2532 became members of Local 3.
On September 1, 1937, seven separate petitions were filed on behalf
of Local 3 with the Regional Director for the Nineteenth Region,
alleging that questions affecting commerce had arisen concerning the
representation of employees of Jones Lumber Company, Clark &
Wilson Lumber Company, Portland Lumber Mills, Inman-Poulsen
Lumber Company, Eastern Western Lumber Company, B. F. John-
son Lumber Company, and West Oregon Lumber Company, and re-
questing the Board to conduct investigations pursuant to Section 9
(c) of the Act.
On October 21, 1937, after hearing upon due notice, the Board
'issued its Decision 1 and certified Local 3 as the exclusive representa-
tive of all the plant and production employees of each of the com-
panies named in the petitions filed September 1, 1937, including
foremen, but excluding office employees and supervisory employees
other than foremen, and excluding certain other employees of the
Inman-Poulsen Lumber Company and Clark & Wilson Lumber
Company.
In February 1938 the Carpenters established several new locals in
the Portland, Oregon, area with the jurisdiction of each local con-
fined to the employees of a single company, as set forth in Section
II above.
Shortly thereafter, the Columbia Basin Sawmill Operators Asso-
ciation, herein called the Operators Association, on behalf of Clark &
Wilson Lumber Company, Eastern Western Lumber Company, In-
1 Matters of Jones Lumber Company, West Oregon Lumber Company, Clark & Wilson
Lumber Company, B. F. Johnson Lumber Company, Portland Lumber Mills, Inman-
Poulsen Lumber Company and Eastern & Western Lumber Company and Columbia River
District Council of Lumber and Sawmill Workers' Union No. 5, etc., et at., 3 N. L. R. B.
855.
JONES LUMBER COMPANY 213
man-Poulsen Lumber Company, B. F. Johnson Lumber Company,
Jones Lumber Company, and Portland Lumber Mills, entered into
collective bargaining negotiations with Local 3.
On September 23, 1938, the Operators Association notified Local 3
that the companies would operate under the terms of a working agree-
ment which had been negotiated by the parties as a result of several
conferences. The Operators Association stated that the companies
would not sign the agreement because the Carpenters Locals had
filed petitions with the Board requesting investigations and certifi-
cations, and because they feared the signing of an agreement with
Local 3 would precipitate retaliatory action on the part of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor.
The working agreement was accepted by Local 3 on October 10,
1938. It provided, inter alia: "Notwithstanding any other provisions
herein contained, this agreement shall terminate automatically in the
event that the National Labor Relations Board certifies that another
bargaining agent represents the majority of employees."
We find that a question has arisen concerning the representation of
employees of each of the companies.
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE QUESTIONS CONCERNING REPRESENTATION UPON
COMMERCE
We find, as to each of the companies, that the question concerning
representation which has arisen, occurring in connection with the
operations of the Company described in Section I above, has a close,
intimate, and substantial relation to trade, traffic, and commerce among
the several States and tends to lead to labor disputes burdening and
obstructing commerce and the free flow of commerce.
V. THE APPROPRIATE UNITS
The Carpenters Locals claim in each case that the appropriate
unit for the purposes of collective bargaining consists of the plant
and production employees, including foremen of each of the com-
panies, and excluding office and supervisory employees other than
foremen. Local 3 contends that, because they include foremen, the
units requested by the petitioning locals are not appropriate.
The Board, in its previous Decision upon a petition filed on behalf
of Local 3,2 found units of plant and production employees including
foremen were appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining
within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of the Act. In those cases, be-
cause the petitioning union requested the inclusion of the foremen and
2 See footnote 1, supra.
214 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
the other parties made no, objection and nothing appeared in the
record to indicate that foremen should be excluded, the Board fol-
lowed its usual practice in such cases and adopted the apparent desires
of the parties.8
Local 3 opposes the units requested by the Carpenters Locals in the
instant cases on the ground that events occurring since the Decision
of October 21, 1937, have demonstrated the inappropriateness of in-
cluding foremen within the units.
At the hearing Local 3, in support of its contention, introduced
copies of the formal papers in proceedings instituted by the Board
pursuant to Section 10, which disclosed that upon charges duly filed
by Local 3, the Board, by the Regional Director for the Nineteenth
Region, issued complaints dated November 26, 1938, against the com-
panies. The complaints were substantially the same, alleging in each
instance that the respondent company had permitted its foremen and
supervisory employees to discourage membership in Local 3. On No-
vember 29, 1938, each Company entered into a separate stipulation in
which it agreed to the entry by the Board of specified cease and desist
orders. Each Company further agreed to the entry of a decree by
the appropriate Circuit Court of Appeals enforcing such order of
the Board. Contemporaneously with its Decision upon the petitions,
the Board is issuing its Decision and Orders in the stipulated cases 4
requiring the companies, inter alia, to cease and desist from interfer-
ing with, restraining, or coercing their employees in the exercise of
the rights guaranteed in Section 7 of the Act.
While foremen are eligible for membership in both the Car-
penters Locals and Local 3 and have been members of these organi-
zations in the past, the working agreement which was approved by
Local 3 on October 10, 1938, expressly excluded foremen from the
classes of employees affected by its terms.
Neither by testimony nor other evidence did any of the parties
show that the duties of the employees in question were not of a
supervisory nature. The issue was confined to whether these men,
who were classified as foremen on the pay rolls of the companies,
8Matter of Campbell Machine Company, David C. Campbell, and George E. Campbell,
co-partners, trading as Campbell Machine Company and International Association of
Machinists, Local No. 389; Shipwrights, Boatbuilders and Caulkers ; and International
Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local No. 569, 3 N. L. R . B. 793.
& Matter of Jones Lumber Company and Lumber and Sawmill Workers, Local No. 3,
International Woodworkers of America, affiliated with the C. I. C. Case No . C-1080,
12 N. L. R. B. 204 ; Matter of B. F. Johnson Lumber Company and Lumber and Saw-
mill Workers, Local No. 3, International Woodworkers of America, affiliated with the
C. I. C. Case No . C-1077, 12 N . L. R. B. 189; Matter of Portland Lumber Mills Company
and Lumber and Sawmill Workers, Local No. 3, International Woodworkers of America,
affiliated with the C . I. C. Case No . C-1079, 12 N. L. R. B. 199; and Eastern Western
Lumber Company and Lumber and Sawmill Workers, Local No 8, International Woodworkers
of America, affiliated with the C . I. C. Case No . C-1070, 12 N. T, R. B. 184.
JONES LUMBER COMPANY 215
possessed authority to hire and discharge employees. The evidence
conclusively established that they had no such power, but indicated
that they frequently made recommendations concerning the hiring
and retention of employees.
In each case by virtue of the supervisory nature of their duties, fore-
men have interests which differentiate them from ordinary employees
and bring them within the class of employees normally excluded from
bargaining units upon objection by one of two rival labor
organizations .5
Accordingly, objection being made by Local 3, a labor organiza-
tion party to the proceedings, to the inclusion of supervisory em-
ployees in the appropriate units, we will exclude them.
We find as to each of the companies in these proceedings that its
plant and production employees excluding office employees, foremen,
and other supervisory employees constitute a unit appropriate for
the purposes of collective bargaining and that said unit will insure
to the employees of the Company the full benefit of their rights to
self-organization and collective bargaining and otherwise effectuate
the policies of the Act.
VI. THE DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
At the hearing, pay-roll lists, of the companies for March 15, 1938,
a date near the filing of petitions and for November 30, 1938, were
submitted for purposes of comparison with whatever evidence of
representation might be introduced by the labor organizations.
Since the pay rolls of November 30, 1938, are representative and are
nearest to the date of the hearings, we will use them for the purposes
of comparison.
The evidence introduced by the Carpenters Locals in support of
their petitions was of varying types and requires separate considera-
tion. For the most part, Local 3 contented itself with supporting its
motions to dismiss the petitions by introducing evidence intended to
rebut the Carpenters Locals' proof. With respect to such proof
offered by both unions, there is no evidence in any of the records
which would lead us to conclude that the signatures appearing on
the cards, petition, or affidavits are not genuine.
Jones Lumber Company employs 160 plant and production em-
ployees excluding office employees, foremen, and other supervisory
employees. Local 2877 introduced 112 cards, most of which were
dated in February 1938, and 102 affidavits signed in July 1938. Both
the cards and the affidavits were signed by employees within the
6Matter of Charles R. McCormick Lumber Co . and International Woodworkers of
America, Local 112, 7 N. L. R. B. 38. Rils Manufacturing Corp . and United Electrical,
Radio & Machine Workers of America (C. 1. O.), 11 N. L. R. B. 696.
216 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
appropriate unit on the pay roll of November 30, 1938. The cards
were in the form of applications for membership. Each affidavit
stated in substance that the deponent was a member of Local 2877
and had designated it as his collective bargaining agent. All the
affidavits were signed by employees who had previously signed cards.
At the hearing, 16 of the employees whose signatures appeared on
cards testified that they wished to be represented by Local 3.
There are 95 employees on the pay roll of November 30, 1938, who
are within the appropriate unit at the B. F. Johnson Lumber Com-
pany plant. Local 2839 introduced 31 membership cards of employees
signed during the period from February to December 1938, and peti-
tions designating Local 2839 as bargaining agent signed by 60 em-
ployees during August 1938. Deducting for duplications between
cards and petitions, 57 of the signers were within the appropriate
unit on the pay roll of November 30, 1938. In this case Local 3
introduced two cards signed at a later date by two of the afore-
mentioned employees who had previously designated Local 2839 as
their bargaining agent.
The pay roll of Portland Lumber Mills for November 30, 1938,
lists 167 plant and production employees, excluding office employees,
foremen, and other supervisory employees. Local 2880 relied upon
96 affidavits signed during July and August 1938. The names of 92
employees who signed affidavits appeared on the pay roll. By means
of five membership application cards signed by employees, which are
introduced into evidence, and the testimony of two employees, Local 3
attempted to show that seven persons who signed affidavits desired
Local 3 as their bargaining agent.
There were 243 employees within the appropriate unit at the
Eastern Western Lumber Company plant on the pay roll of Novem-
ber 30, 1938. In presenting its case Local 2881 introduced petitions
designating it as collective bargaining representative signed on
October 11, 1938, by 140 employees of the Company. It also intro-
duced three membership cards signed by employees whose names were
not on the petitions. One hundred and forty of the 143 signers were
within the appropriate unit on the pay roll of November 30, 1938.
For the purpose of rebutting this evidence, Local 3 introduced mem-
bership application cards signed by 12 of the same employees after
October 11, 1938. However, four of the latter employees again
signed membership application cards of Local 2881 while the hear-
ing was being held. Three witnesses whose names appeared on the
petition of Local 2881 testified that they desired to be represented
by neither organization.
In each case Local 3 introduced copies of the pleadings in the
complaint cases as set forth in Section V above to show that desig-
JONES LUMBER COMPANY 217
nations relied upon by the petitioning Carpenters Locals were the
result of the unfair labor practices of the companies and moved to
dismiss each petition on the ground that Local 3 had been certified
by the Board.
While we deny the motions to dismiss filed by Local 3, we cannot
under the circumstances accord conclusive weight to the designations
introduced into evidence by the Carpenters Locals. As we have
stated, upon charges filed by Local 3, each of the Companies, after
issuance of complaints, agreed to the entry of orders requiring it to
cease and desist from discouraging membership in Local 3 and from
other unfair labor practices alleged to have occurred before and
during periods when the cards, petitions, and affidavits offered by the
Carpenters Locals as proof of designation, were signed. Under the
circumstances, we cannot give effect to such evidence as probative
of employee designation of bargaining representatives free from
employer interference, restraint, or coercion.°
Accordingly, we find in each case that the question which has
arisen concerning representation of employees of the Company can
best be resolved by an election by secret ballot.
On the basis of the above findings of fact and upon the entire
record in the proceedings, the Board makes the following :
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Questions affecting commerce have arisen concerning the repre-
sentation of employees of Jones Lumber Company, B. F. Johnson
Lumber Company, Portland Lumber Mills, and Eastern Western
Lumber Company, all of Portland, Oregon, within the meaning of
Section 9 (c) and Section 2 (6) and (7) of the National Labor
Relations Act.
2. All plant and production employees of each of the Companies,
excluding office employees, foremen, and other supervisory employees,
constitute units appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining
within the meaning of Section 9 (b) of the National Labor Relations
Act.
DIRECTIONS OF ELECTIONS
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act, 49 Stat. 449, and pursuant to Article III, Section 8, of
National Labor Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 1,
as amended, it is hereby
6 Matter of The Connor Lumber & Land Co. and International Woodworkers of America,
Local No. 125 ( C. 1 0.), 10 N. L. R. B. 831 , decided December 28. 1938
218 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation directed by the Board
to ascertain representatives for the purposes of collective bargaining
with Jones Lumber Company, an election by secret ballot shall be
conducted within twenty (20) days from the date of this Direction
of Election under the direction and supervision of the Regional
Director for the Nineteenth Region (Seattle, Washington), acting
in these matters as agent for the National Labor Relations Board,
and subject to Article III, Section 9, of said Rules and Regulations,
among all plant and production employees employed by Jones Lum-
ber Company during the pay-roll period next preceding the date of
this Direction of Election, excluding office employees, foremen, and
other supervisory employees, to determine whether they desire to be
represented by Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local No. 2877,
chartered by United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America, affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, or by
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local No. 3, International
Woodworkers of America, affiliated with the Committee for Indus-
trial Organization for the purposes of collective bargaining, or by
neither ; and it is further
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation directed by the Board
to ascertain representatives for the purposes of collective bargaining
with B. F. Johnson Lumber Company, an election by secret ballot
shall be conducted within twenty (20) days from the date of this
Direction of Election under the direction and supervision of the
Regional Director for the Nineteenth Region (Seattle, Washington),
acting in these matters as agent for the National Labor Relations
Board, and subject to Article III, Section 9, of said Rules and Regu-
lations, among all plant and production employees employed by B. F.
Johnson Lumber Company during the pay-roll period next pre-
ceding the date of this Direction of Election excluding office em-
ployees, foremen, and other supervisory employees, to determine
whether they desire to be represented by Lumber and Sawmill
Workers Union, Local No. 2839, chartered by United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of America, affiliated with the American
Federation of Labor, or by Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union,
Local No. 3, International Woodworkers of America, affiliated with
the Committee for Industrial Organization for the purposes of col-
lective bargaining, or by neither; and it is further
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation directed by the Board
to ascertain representatives for the purposes of collective bargain-
ing with Portland Lumber Mills, an election by secret ballot shall
be conducted within twenty (20) days from the date of this Direc-
tion of Election under the direction and supervision of the Regional
Director for the Nineteenth Region (Seattle, Washington), acting
JONES LUMBER COMPANY 219
in these matters as agent for the National Labor Relations Board,
and subject to Article III, Section 9, of said Rules and Regulations,
among all plant and production employees employed by Portland
Lumber Mills during the pay-roll period next preceding the date of
this Direction of Election excluding office employees, foremen, and
other supervisory employees, to determine whether they desire to
be represented by Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local No.
2880, chartered by United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, or by
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local No. 3, International
Woodworkers of America, affiliated with the Committee for Indus-
trial Organization for the purposes of collective bargaining, or by
neither; and it is further
DUCTED that, as part of the investigation directed by the Board
to ascertain representatives for the purposes of collective bargaining
with Eastern Western Lumber Company, an election by secret bal-
lot shall be conducted within twenty (20) days from the date of
this Direction of Election under the direction and supervision of
the Regional Director for the Nineteenth Region (Seattle, Wash-
ington), acting in these matters as agent for the National Labor
Relations Board, and subject to Article III, Section 9, of said Rules
and Regulations, among all plant and production employees em-
ployed by Eastern Western Lumber Company during the pay-roll
period next preceding the date of this Direction of Election exclud-
ing office employees, foremen, and other supervisory employees, to
determine whether they desire to be represented by Lumber and
Sawmill Workers Union, Local No. 2881, chartered by United Broth-
erhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor, or by Lumber and Sawmill Workers
Union, Local No. 3, International Woodworkers of America, affili-
ated with the Committee for Industrial Organization for the pur-
poses of collective bargaining, or by neither.