City Stationery, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Sep 30, 2003

340 N.L.R.B. 523 (N.L.R.B. 2003)

CITY STATIONERY, INC. 523
City Stationery, Inc. and Unión De Tronquistas De
Puerto Rico, Local 901, IBT, AFL–CIO. Cases
24–CA–9070 and 24–RC–8213
September 30, 2003
DECISION AND ORDER
BY MEMBERS LIEBMAN, SCHAUMBER, AND
WALSH
On June 17, 2002, Administrative Law Judge William
N. Cates issued the attached decision. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the General
Counsel filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions as
modified below and to adopt the recommended Order as
modified.2
On October 19 and 22, 2001,3 the Respondent dis-
charged 20 warehouse employees for seeking to discuss
possible wage increases with its president. The judge
found that the discharges violated Section 8(a)(1) and,
except for a few employees who had already been rein-
stated or who had waived reinstatement and backpay
pursuant to settlement agreements, ordered the discrimi-
natees reinstated with backpay. He also ordered that the
challenged ballots cast by all of the discriminatees in a
Board-conducted representation election be opened and
counted.
The Respondent has excepted to the judge’s findings
of violations with regard to only two employees, Luis
Muler and Eddiel Cruz. It also argues, contrary to the
judge, that the ballots of Baltasar García and Héctor
Franco should not be counted because they waived their
right to have their votes counted by signing settlement
agreements. Finally, the Respondent contends that the
Board should conduct a hearing to determine whether the
Union’s showing of interest was sufficient to support its
1 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge’s credibility
findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule an adminis-
trative law judge’s credibility resolutions unless the clear preponder-
ance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect.
Standard Dry Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362
(3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record and find no
basis for reversing the findings.
2 We shall modify the judge’s remedy to require the Respondent to
remove from its files all references to all of the unlawful discharges and
to notify all of the discriminatees in writing that it has done so and that
the discharges will not be used against them in any way. We shall also
add a make-whole provision to the Order, which the judge inadver-
tently omitted, and conform the language of the notice to that of the
Order.
3 All dates are in 2001 unless otherwise indicated.
representation petition. For the reasons discussed below,
we find no merit in these contentions.4
The Discharges of Muler and Cruz
On Friday, October 19, a group of 17 of the Respon-
dent’s warehouse employees attempted to discuss wage
increases with the Respondent’s president, Pedro
Rodríguez. Rodríguez ordered them to get back to work
or to leave the Respondent’s property. When the em-
ployees left and congregated at the facility’s gate,
Rodríguez discharged them, ostensibly for “work aban-
donment.” The employees stood outside the facility’s
gate for the remainder of October 19 and throughout the
following week, in protest of the Respondent’s conduct
toward them. The judge found that the discharges of
these 17 employees because of their protected concerted
activities were unlawful, and the Respondent has not
excepted to that finding.
Muler, Cruz, and a coworker, Héctor Franco, were ab-
sent from work on October 19.5 On Monday, October
22, they joined the demonstrators at the facility’s gate.
As the judge found, both Rodríguez and the Respon-
dent’s attorney, Agustín Gómez, came to the gate that
morning; Rodríguez “looked fixedly” at the employees
standing there, and Gómez spoke to them. Muler, Cruz,
and Franco were discharged that day.
Under Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083 (1980), enfd. 662
F.2d 899 (1st Cir. 1981), cert. denied 455 U.S. 989
(1982), approved in NLRB v. Transportation Manage-
ment Corp., 462 U.S. 393 (1983), a discharge that is al-
leged to have been motivated by employees’ protected
conduct is subject to a two-step test. First, the General
Counsel must establish that animus against the employ-
ees’ protected conduct was a motivating factor in the
employer’s discharge decision. If that showing is made,
the Board will find the violation unless the employer
proves that it would have discharged the employee even
in the absence of protected conduct.
The judge found that the discharges of Muler and Cruz
were part of the Respondent’s unlawfully motivated re-
4 We do agree with the Respondent that the judge erred in awarding
reinstatement and backpay to former employee Jesús Sánchez. The
parties stipulated at the hearing that Sánchez had waived such remedies
by signing a settlement agreement with the Respondent. We thus mod-
ify the remedy, Order, and notice to indicate that Sánchez was dis-
charged unlawfully on October 19 and that the Respondent’s files are to
be expunged of any reference to that unlawful discharge, but that
Sánchez is not entitled to reinstatement or backpay.
The Respondent also demands a hearing or reopening of the pro-
ceedings to determine backpay amounts. We reject this demand. Back-
pay is calculated at the compliance stage of Board proceedings. See
Board’s Rules and Regulations Secs. 102.52; 102.55(a); Board’s State-
ments of Procedure Sec. 101.16.
5 They were the only warehouse employees absent that day.
340 NLRB No. 70
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 524
sponse to the employees’ attempt to discuss wage in-
creases on October 19. He found that both men, to the
Respondent’s knowledge, had taken part in the demon-
stration outside the facility’s gate. The judge noted that
Rodríguez sent Muler the same discharge letter that he
sent to the employees who were discharged on October
19 (stating that he had abandoned his workpost), and that
Rodríguez’ letter to Cruz stated that he was being laid off
in part because of a reorganization of the warehouse,
which Rodríguez admitted was prompted by the employ-
ees’ actions on October 19. The judge rejected as pretex-
tual the Respondent’s proffered reasons for its actions,
i.e., that Cruz’ discharge was motivated by economic
considerations, that Muler had engaged in an “abusive
pattern of absenteeism,” and that Cruz demonstrated a
“lack of discipline” by not reporting to work on October
19 as scheduled. The judge concluded that the Respon-
dent had not shown that it would have discharged either
man in the absence of his protected concerted activities.
In exceptions, the Respondent contends that, because
Muler and Cruz were absent on October 19, they did not
participate in any concerted activities or, if they did, the
Respondent could not have known of any such participa-
tion before it discharged them. For the reasons that fol-
low, we see no basis for rejecting the judge’s finding of a
violation.
To begin, even if the Respondent were correct either in
asserting that Muler and Cruz did not participate in con-
certed activities or that it lacked knowledge of any such
participation, the judge found—and we agree—that
Muler’s and Cruz’ discharges were part of the larger
unlawful termination of warehouse employees.6 The
Respondent’s discharge on October 22 of every ware-
house employee who had been absent when their co-
workers were discharged one workday earlier strongly
suggests that the Respondent, on October 22, was finish-
ing the group discharge left uncompleted on October 19.
In addition, Muler’s discharge letter was identical to
those received by the 17 employees discharged on Octo-
ber 19.
It has long been established that, when an employer
embarks on a housecleaning mission to rid itself of em-
ployees who engaged in protected conduct, the General
Counsel is not required to show that the employer had
particular knowledge of each adversely affected em-
ployee’s protected activities. Indeed, if the employer’s
housecleaning inadvertently leads to the discharge of
employees who did not engage in such conduct at all,
their discharges are nonetheless unlawful. See, e.g., Ma-

6 As we discuss below, the judge also implicitly found that Franco
had been unlawfully discharged.
jestic Molded Products v. NLRB, 330 F.2d 603, 606 (2d
Cir. 1964) (mass layoff to discourage protected conduct
constitutes a violation “even if some white sheep suffer
along with the black”). Thus, because Muler and Cruz
were swept into the unlawful group discharge that began
on October 19, proof of the Respondent’s knowledge of
their actual, individual conduct is not necessary for us to
find their discharges unlawful as well.
Finally, for the reasons discussed in the judge’s deci-
sion, we agree with the judge’s rejection of the Respon-
dent’s asserted nondiscriminatory reasons for discharg-
ing Muler and Cruz.7 The Respondent’s asserted reliance
on Cruz’ alleged “lack of discipline” and Muler’s alleged
“abusive pattern of absenteeism” was clearly pretextual.
Indeed, the Respondent’s reasons for the discharges, as
offered at trial, were different from those set forth in the
employees’ discharge letters. The pretextual nature of
the Respondent’s defense bolsters the judge’s finding,
which we adopt, that the Respondent unlawfully dis-
charged all its warehouse employees because of that
group’s efforts to discuss wages and benefits. We there-
fore agree with the judge that the Respondent did not
demonstrate that it would have discharged Muler and
Cruz even in the absence of their protected conduct, and
we affirm the judge’s conclusions that they were unlaw-
fully discharged because of their actual or suspected par-
ticipation in the warehouse employees’ protected con-
certed activity.
The Representation Election
A representation election was held on December 3
among the Respondent’s chauffeurs, chauffeur helpers,
and warehouse employees in its Caguas, Puerto Rico
facility. The election was conducted pursuant to a Stipu-
lated Election Agreement. The tally of ballots shows 3
for and 6 against the Union, with 17 challenged ballots, a
number sufficient to affect the results of the election.
Sixteen of the challenged ballots were those of employ-
ees discharged on October 19 and 22 and were chal-
lenged by the Board Agent because the voters’ names did
not appear on the eligibility list.8
The judge overruled the challenges to all 16 ballots, on
the ground that all 16 employees had been unlawfully
discharged.9 He rejected the Respondent’s argument that
7 Like the 17 employees unlawfully discharged on October 19,
Muler had not missed 3 days of work without notice and therefore did
not meet the Respondent’s definition of “work abandonment.”
8 The 17th ballot was challenged by the Union on the basis of the
voter’s familial relationship with an officer of the Respondent. That
challenged ballot is not at issue in these proceedings.
9 The 16 ballots included that of Héctor Franco. By this ruling, the
judge implicitly found that Franco had been unlawfully discharged.
Although no evidence was submitted regarding the circumstances of
Franco’s discharge, the Respondent has not excepted to the judge’s
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 525
voters Baltasar García and Héctor Franco had waived the
right to have their ballots counted by settling their claims
against the Respondent, and ordered that all 16 ballots be
opened and counted. The Respondent excepts to the
judge’s conclusion that García and Franco did not waive
the counting of their ballots. The Respondent also de-
mands a hearing to consider whether the Union made an
adequate showing of interest to support the representa-
tion petition. We reject both contentions.
1. The judge correctly concluded that Franco and Gar-
cía’s settlement agreements did not effectively waive the
right to have their ballots counted. First, only Franco and
García, as individuals, and the Respondent are parties to
these agreements; the Union was not a party to them and
they do not purport to bind the Board. Second, although
the agreements state that they settle Franco and García’s
claims as to both the unfair labor practice case and the
representation case, they do not mention the ballots, even
though the election had occurred over 2 months before
the agreements were executed. Thus, the agreements do
not clearly express Franco’s and García’s intent to waive
their rights to have their ballots counted.
But even if the agreements expressly stated such an in-
tent, we would not give effect to the provision. The
judge correctly concluded that allowing challenged bal-
lots to be redeemed in exchange for payment would vio-
late public policy. Employees may freely choose
whether or not to vote in a representation election; how-
ever, once they have voted, the ballots they cast are no
longer within their control. We have rejected voters’
postelection efforts to withdraw their ballots. Great
Eastern Color Lithographic Corp., 131 NLRB 1139
(1961). We do not allow parties or individuals to abuse
our processes or to achieve a desired election outcome by
pressuring voters to withdraw their ballots. Id. at 1140–
1141. Moreover, the Union, as a party to the election,
has an interest in the ballots and the integrity of the rep-
resentation proceedings, and individual voters cannot
waive the Union’s rights..10
2. We decline the Respondent’s demand for a hearing
regarding the adequacy of the showing of interest sup-
porting the Union’s representation petition. Longstand-
ing Board precedent establishes that the showing of in-
terest is an administrative matter and is not litigable by

overruling of the challenge to his ballot. We therefore adopt pro forma
the judge’s implicit finding that Franco was unlawfully discharged.
10 We also agree with the General Counsel’s contention that Franco’s
and García’s ballots are analogous to the ballots of employees who quit
their employment after the election. Such ballots do not retroactively
lose their validity because of the employees’ postelection action. Per-
sonal Products Corp., 114 NLRB 959, 961 (1955); see also Harold M.
Pitman Co., 303 NLRB 655 (1991); Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics
v. NLRB, 310 F.3d 778, 782 (D.C. Cir. 2002).
the parties. Gaylord Bag Co., 313 NLRB 306, 307
(1993); see also NLRB Casehanding Manual (Part Two)
Representation Proceedings Secs. 11021; 11028.3;
11184. The purpose of the showing of interest “is to
determine whether the conduct of an election serves a
useful purpose under the statute—that is, whether there is
sufficient employee interest to warrant the expenditure of
time, effort, and funds to conduct an election.” Gaylord
Bag, supra at 307. Investigating the showing of interest
after the election would consume additional Board re-
sources, rather than conserving them. Thus, as the Board
has stated, “after the election the adequacy of the show-
ing of interest is irrelevant.”11 Id. We thus find no basis
for reconsidering this matter.
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the judge’s order
that the 16 challenged ballots cast by unlawfully dis-
charged employees be opened and counted and that an
appropriate certification be issued.
AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
“3. By discharging on October 19 and 22, 2001, its
employees Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel
Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera, Emiliano Santos, Ricardo
Caez, Miguel Rosario, Jesús Sánchez, Eric Rodríguez,
Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José
(Miguel) Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltasar García, Carlos
J. Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Luis Muler, Eddiel
Cruz, and Héctor Franco, and thereafter refusing to rein-
state Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Melé-
ndez, Gerardo Rivera, Ricardo Caez, Eric Rodríguez,
Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José
11 Moreover, the Regional Director has already investigated, and
found unsupported, the Respondent’s allegation that the showing of
interest was insufficient or was obtained by fraud. There is no new
evidence of fraud that would justify revisiting that issue. As the Re-
gional Director already concluded, the Respondent’s discharged em-
ployees were alleged discriminatees, with a pending unfair labor prac-
tice charge regarding their discharges, when they signed Union authori-
zation cards, and thus their cards were properly included in the count of
proposed unit members showing an interest in representation. The
Respondent’s claim of new evidence that only a few employees signed
authorization cards is apparently based on testimony regarding the
number of employees who were at the Union hall signing cards at a
particular time and disregards testimony that other employees signed
authorization cards at other times.
Member Schaumber fully concurs with his colleagues and with
Board law that “after the election the adequacy of the showing of inter-
est is irrelevant.” He remains perplexed, however, by the Board’s
precedent his colleagues cite that the showing of interest is purely an
administrative matter and is not litigable by the parties. Sec. 9(c)(1) of
the Act provides in pertinent part that the Board shall investigate a
petition and may order an election “[w]henever a petition shall have
been filed alleging that a substantial number of employees” desire
union representation in collective bargaining. Since the statute estab-
lishes a substantiality test, he is unprepared to say that a party cannot
contest the viability of a petition which does not, for one reason or
another, meet this statutory standard.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 526
(Miguel) Rivera, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez,
Luis Muler, and Eddiel Cruz, because they engaged in
protected concerted activities, the Company engaged in
unfair labor practices in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of
the Act.”
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, City Stationery, Inc., Caguas, Puerto Rico,
its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Discharging, refusing to recall, or otherwise dis-
criminating against any employee for engaging in pro-
tected concerted or union activities.
(b) Telling its employees their reinstatement was held
up because the Union filed a petition for election.
(c) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, offer
Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez,
Gerardo Rivera, Ricardo Caez, Eric Rodríguez, Norberto
Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José (Miguel)
Rivera, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Luis
Muler, and Eddiel Cruz full reinstatement to their former
jobs or, if those jobs no longer exist, to substantially
equivalent positions, without prejudice to their seniority
or any other rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
(b) Make whole the employees listed in the preceding
paragraph for any loss of earnings or other benefits suf-
fered as a result of the discrimination against them in the
manner set forth in the remedy section of the decision.
(c) Within 14 days from the date of this Order remove
from its files any reference to the unlawful discharges of
Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez,
Gerardo Rivera, Emiliano Santos, Ricardo Caez, Miguel
Rosario, Jesús Sánchez, Eric Rodríguez, Norberto
Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José (Miguel)
Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltasar García, Carlos J.
Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Luis Muler, Eddiel Cruz,
and Héctor Franco, and within 3 days thereafter, notify
these employees in writing this has been done and that
their discharges will not be used against them in any
way.
(d) Preserve and, within 14 days of a request, or such
additional time as the Regional Director may allow for
good cause shown, provide at a reasonable place desig-
nated by the Board or its agents, all payroll records, so-
cial security payment records, timecards, personnel re-
cords and reports, and all other records, including an
electronic copy of such records if stored in electronic
form, necessary to analyze the amount of backpay due
under the terms of this Order.
(e) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its Caguas, Puerto Rico, facilities copies of the attached
notice marked “Appendix.”12 Copies of the notice, in
English and Spanish, on forms provided by the Regional
Director for Region 24, after being signed by the Re-
spondent’s authorized representative, shall be posted by
the Respondent and maintained for 60 consecutive days
in conspicuous places including all places where notices
to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable steps
shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the no-
tices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other
material. In the event that, during the pendency of these
proceedings, the Respondent has gone out of business or
closed the facility involved in these proceedings, the Re-
spondent shall duplicate and mail, at its own expense,
copies of the notice, in English and Spanish, to all cur-
rent employees and former employees employed by the
Respondent at any time since October 19, 2001.
(f) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to com-
ply.
IT IS DIRECTED that the Regional Director for Re-
gion 24 shall, within 14 days from the date of this Deci-
sion and Order, open and count the ballots of Pedro Ar-
zuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez, Gerardo
Rivera, Ricardo Caez, Eric Rodríguez, Norberto
Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José (Miguel)
Rivera, Baltasar García, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael
Rodríguez, Luis Muler, Eddiel Cruz, and Héctor Franco.
The Regional Director shall then serve on the parties a
revised tally of ballots and issue the appropriate certifica-
tion.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
Posted by the Order of the
National Labor Relations Board
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey
this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union

12 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 527
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.

WE WILL NOT discharge, refuse to recall, or other-
wise discriminate against any of you for engaging in pro-
tected concerted and/or Union activities.
WE WILL NOT tell you that your reinstatement is be-
ing held up because a petition for a union election was
filed.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act.
WE WILL, within 14 days of the Board’s Order, offer
Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez,
Gerardo Rivera, Ricardo Caez, Eric Rodríguez, Norberto
Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José (Miguel)
Rivera, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Luis
Muler, and Eddiel Cruz reinstatement to their former
jobs, or, if those jobs no longer exist, to substantially
equivalent positions, without prejudice to their seniority
or any other rights or privileges previously enjoyed.
WE WILL make the employees listed in the preceding
paragraph whole for any loss of earnings and other bene-
fits resulting from their discharge, less any net interim
earnings, plus interest.
WE WILL within 14 days from the date of the Board’s
Order, remove from our files any reference to the unlaw-
ful discharges of Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Mi-
guel Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera, Emiliano Santos, Ri-
cardo Caez, Miguel Rosario, Jesús Sánchez, Eric
Rodríguez, Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos
Oyola, José (Miguel) Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltasar
García, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael Rodríguez, Luis
Muler, Eddiel Cruz, and Héctor Franco, and the refusal
to reinstate Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel
Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera, Ricardo Caez, Eric
Rodríguez, Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos
Oyola, José (Miguel) Rivera, Carlos J. Rodríguez, Misael
Rodríguez, Luis Muler, and Eddiel Cruz,1 and WE
WILL, within 3 days thereafter, notify them in writing
that their discharges will not be used against them in any
way.

1 We need not reinstate or provide backpay to six employees who
were found to have been unlawfully discharged. Emiliano Santos,
Miguel Rosario, and Edwin Ramos have already been reinstated with
backpay, and Jesús Sánchez, Baltasar García, and Héctor Franco have
signed individual settlement agreements, by which they waived their
rights to reinstatement and backpay.
CITY STATIONERY, INC.
Miguel Nieves-Mojica, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Ilsa Y. Figueroa Arus, Esq., for the Company.

DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
WILLIAM N. CATES, Administrative Law Judge. This is an
unfair labor practice prosecution alleging that City Stationery,
Inc. (Company) violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the National
Labor Relations Act (the Act). The prosecution was brought in
the name of the General Counsel of the National Labor Rela-
tions Board (Board) by the Regional Director for Region 24,
who issued a complaint and notice of hearing on December 21,
2001,2 after investigating a charge filed on October 22, by Un-
ion de Tronquistas de Puerto Rico, Local 901, IBT, AFL–CIO
(Union). Also on December 21, the Regional Director for Re-
gion 24 of the Board issued a “Report and Recommendation on
Challenged Ballots, Notice of Hearing and Order Consolidating
Cases,” whereby the unfair labor practice case was consolidated
with representation Case 24–RC–8213, for trial. I heard the
trial of these consolidated cases in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on
March 26 and 27, 2002,3 where the Government and Company
were represented by counsel, each of whom filed posttrial
briefs, which I have studied.
Specifically it is alleged the Company on October 19, termi-
nated the employment of the following employees: Pedro Ar-
zuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera,
Emiliano Santos, Ricardo Caez, Miguel Rosario, Jesús Sánchez,
Eric Rodriguez, Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos
Oyola, José M. Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltazar García, Carlos J.
Rodriguez, and Misael Rodriguez. It is also alleged the Com-
pany on October 22, terminated the employment of Luis Muler,
Eddie L. Cruz, and Hector Franco. It is alleged the Company
terminated all the above-listed employees because they engaged
in concerted activities and/or because the Company suspected
they engaged in concerted activities and to discourage employees
from engaging in these activities. It is alleged the Company’s
actions violate Section 8(a)(1) of the Act. Additionally, it is al-
leged that on/or about October 23, the Company failed and re-
fused to reinstate its employees Norberto Hernández, Luis May-
sonet, Eric Rodriguez, Miguel Rivera, and Ricardo Caez, because
they joined and/or assisted the Union and engaged in concerted
activities and to discourage employees from engaging in such
activities. It is alleged such conduct on the part of the Company
violates Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act. It is alleged the Com-
pany on/or about October 24, by an agent, informed employees
that the reinstatement of certain employees to their former posi-
tions of employment was being held up because the Company
had received a petition for a representation election filed by the
Union seeking to represent the warehouse employees for the
2 All dates are 2001 unless otherwise indicated.
3 I opened these cases originally on January 23, 2002, in San Juan,
Puerto Rico, and approved a full and complete settlement of the cases.
Thereafter on March 4, 2002, counsel for the General Counsel filed a
motion requesting to set aside settlement agreement and to request
reopening of hearing. On March 7, 2002, I issued an order reopening
the hearing which resulted in the trial on March 26 and 27, 2002.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 528
purposes of collective bargaining. It is also alleged that on/or
about October 25, the Company, by an agent, in a telephone con-
versation informed an employee his reinstatement to his former
position of employment was being held up because a petition for
an election that had been filed by the Union with the Board. It is
alleged these latter two actions by the Company violate Section
8(a)(1) of the Act.
With respect to the representation case the record reflects the
Board conducted an election at the Company on December 3,
among employees in an appropriate unit with approximately 23
eligible voters. Three votes were cast for the petitioner union,
and six votes were cast against the participating labor organiza-
tion. There were 17 challenged ballots. Sixteen of the 17 chal-
lenged ballots are those named as having been wrongfully dis-
charged by the Company on either October 19 or 22.4 A dispo-
sition of the unfair labor practice allegations will resolve the
voting eligibility of those employees.
The Company admits that the Board’s jurisdiction is prop-
erly invoked.5 The Company admits President Pedro Rodri-
guez and Supervisor Wilma Rodriguez are its supervisors and
agents within the meaning of Section 2(11) and (13) of the Act
and that Attorney Hustin Gomez Triburcio is an agent of the
Company within the meaning of Section 2(13) of the Act.
The Company denies the discharged employees engaged in
protected concerted and/or union activities or that its actions
violated Section 8(a)(1) and/or (3) of the Act. The Company
contends the employees in question abandoned their jobs on
October 19, and it discharged them for legitimate business con-
siderations. The Company also urges it did not violate the Act
in any failure to recall any of the employees.
In the particular circumstances described below, my ultimate
judgment is that the Company violated the Act substantially as
alleged in the complaint and I will further conclude the chal-
lenge ballots must be opened and counted.
FINDINGS OF FACT
A. An Overview
The Company is dedicated to the purchase and sale of office
equipment and supplies to governmental and industrial entities.
The Company is headquartered in Caguas, but also has facili-
ties in Carolina and Hato Rey, Puerto Rico. Approximately 64
of the Company’s 80 employees work at the Company’s

4 Of those named as wrongfully discharged in the complaint I note that
Emiliano Santos, Edwin Ramos, and Miguel Rosario voted unchallenged in
the election and Jesús Sánchez did not vote. I further note Miguel
Rosario was amended out of the challenged ballots list in the Regional
Director’s Report and Recommendation on Challenged Ballots.
5 Specifically the Company admits and I find: (a) that it was timely
served with copies of the Union’s charge; (b) that it is a corporation
with an office and place of business located in Caguas, Puerto Rico,
where it is engaged in the retail sale of office furniture and supplies; (c)
that annually it purchases and receives at its place of business in
Caguas, Puerto Rico, goods and materials valued in excess of $50,000,
directly from points located outside the commonwealth of Puerto Rico;
and, therefore, (d) that it is an employer engaged in commerce within
the meaning of Sec. 2(6) and (7) of the Act. It is admitted and I find
that the Union is a labor organization within the meaning of Sec. 2(5)
of the Act.
75,000-square-foot office and warehouse headquarters facility
in Caguas. The 55,000-square-foot warehouse portion of the
facility is divided into two areas, namely, the materials area and
the equipment area. It is in the equipment area of the ware-
house where the chauffeurs or deliveries are put together and
where approximately 95 percent of the warehouse employees
work. It is the warehouse employees who are involved in the
instant case.
B. The October 19 Meeting
A meeting of warehouse employees with Company President
Rodriguez on October 19, and certain actions thereafter, consti-
tute the focal points of this case.
Employee José Miguel Rivera Baez (Rivera) testified that a
few days before October 19, he and a “group” of warehouse
employees decided to seek a meeting with Company President
Rodriguez to discuss, “some salary increases” and “some im-
proved work benefits.” Employee Luis Maysonet (Maysonet)
testified the employees had some 30 days earlier preplanned
their meeting with Company President Rodriguez. According
to Rivera the “group” selected a spokesperson for their meet-
ing. Rivera testified “the majority” of the warehouse employ-
ees knew ahead of time what was going to be discussed at the
meeting. Employee Luis Antonio Muler Figueroa (Muler)
testified “several” of his warehouse coworkers gathered at the
“Naked Mare” (an entertainment club) on October 18, and
talked about meeting with Company President Rodriguez the
next morning to discuss “some benefits” that had been offered
to the warehouse employees, but never given to them.
The warehouse employees met at the beginning of the work
shift on October 19, at the warehouse to discuss their employ-
ment-related concerns with Company President Rodriguez.
Rivera testified the employees waited until 8:10 a.m. for Com-
pany President Rodriguez to arrive and at that time sent Carlos
Oyola, their group leader, to find Rodriguez and tell him they
wanted to meet with him. Company President Rodriguez met
with the employees at approximately 8:15 a.m. Rivera testified
that Baltazar Garcia and he spoke on behalf of the employees.
Employee Maysonet testified Garcia started the meeting by
asking Company President Rodriguez, “What he was going to
do . . . in terms of the salary . . . increase.” Rivera testified they
asked about the salary increase the warehouse employees had
been promised by Rodriguez in November 2000. According to
Rivera, Company President Rodriguez responded by asking the
employees if they had read the newspapers or watched televi-
sion so as to understand how bad the economic situation was in
Puerto Rico. Rivera told Company President Rodriguez if he,
Rodriguez, thought the economic situation was bad in Puerto
Rico to put “himself in our situation where we are making $170
or $180 a week” Rivera testified, “Well, Mr. Rodriguez was
upset, and he told us that those of us that did not want to work
could go home.”
C. Company President Rodriguez’ Response
Company President Rodriguez testified he arrived at the
Company at approximate 8 a.m. on October 19, and greeted
some of the warehouse employees upon his arrival. He said
almost all of the warehouse employees were present that morn-
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 529
ing. Rodriguez recalled that around 8:10 a.m. employee Oyola
told him, “The guys from the warehouse wanted to speak with
[him].” Rodriguez met with the warehouse employees and
asked what was going on. According to Rodriguez, employee
Rivera mentioned a bonus they had talked about in November
of the previous year. Rodriguez told Rivera that at the end of
the year he would take a look at the situation and “that if they
would please start to work that there was a lot of work to be
done.” Rodriguez said he told the warehouse employees he
was not comfortable with the economic situation in Puerto Rico
at that time. Rodriguez testified that in addition to the regularly
scheduled work for October 19, there was an inspection to be
performed by an inspector from the Puerto Rico Treasury De-
partment on a container of merchandise, which required the
assistance of the warehouse employees in carrying out the in-
spection. Company President Rodriguez said he told the em-
ployees to please return to work but if they were not going to
do so to abandon the facilities because there were some people
who wanted to work.
D. Outside the Gate
Employee Rivera testified the employees thereafter moved to
the parking area and waited to see if Company President Rodri-
guez would communicate further with them. According to
Rivera, approximately 20 minutes thereafter Rodriguez again
spoke with the warehouse employees and instructed that they
leave the parking area and go outside the Company’s facilities.
Rivera said the employees then moved, as a group, outside the
front gate area of the facilities.6
Rivera testified Company Attorney Gomez, “showed up”
where the warehouse employees were just outside the gate later
that morning (October 19) and told them Company President
Rodriguez was “a little bit upset” and asked if the employees
would give him (Gomez) an opportunity to speak with Rodri-
guez to see what he could mediate between Rodriguez and the
employees.
Rivera testified thereafter Company Supervisor Wilma Rod-
riguez7 showed up outside the gate to speak with the employees
about what had happened that morning but that Company
President Rodriguez came and “grabbed her [Wilma] by an
arm, and he took her away in a not so very nice manner, and he
told her that she had nothing to say to us.”
E. Company President Rodriguez’ Actions
Company President Rodriguez testified that after the ware-
house employees left or abandoned their worksites, he “under-
stood that they had no interest in working that they did not want
to work and that they had violated the Company’s regulations
[and] . . . [he then] . . . proceeded to dismiss them.” Rodriguez

6 Rivera testified those present that morning for the meeting and they
moved outside the front gate area and thereafter remained were Pedro
Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera, Emili-
ano Santos, Ricardo Caez, Miguel Rosario, Jesús Sánchez, Eric Rodri-
guez, Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos, Carlos Oyola, José M.
Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltazar García, Carlos J. Rodriguez, and
Misael Rodriguez.
7 Wilma Rodriguez is Company President Rodriguez’ daughter and
serves as the Company’s traffic manager.
said he had always treated his employees well that even when
times were “very, very, very bad . . . [he] . . . never laid any one
of them off . . . and . . . he paid them well.” Rodriguez said he
could not understand why the employees would refuse to work
for him. He said he prepared dismissal letters for the ware-
house employees at around 11 a.m. on October 19, and thereaf-
ter mailed them to the employees. The letters signed by Com-
pany President Rodriguez and mailed to the employees dis-
missed that morning are as follows:8

[Employee’s Name] effective today, October 19, 2001,
you are hereby discharged from your employment at City
Stationery, Inc. The reason for having reached this deci-
sion is that you abandoned your work post without au-
thorization, which constitutes a serious fault to your duties
as an employee of City Stationery, Inc.
The final payment for vacations or any other accrued
benefit, will be paid the next payroll date. You may come
by to pickup your check, if you fail to do so, it will be sent
by mail to the address appearing in your employment re-
cord. Without anything further from this matter, I remain.

Yours truly,

Pedro Rodriguez
President

Company President Rodriguez testified three of the employ-
ees discharged on October 19, namely Edwin Ramos, Emiliano
Santos, and Miguel Rosario, recognized they abandoned their
jobs, asked for another chance to work for the Company and he
granted their request. Company President Rodriguez testified
he offered reemployment only to those who demonstrated to
him they knew and understood what they did on October 19
was wrong.
F. Employees Sign Union Cards
Employee Rivera testified he received his letter of dismissal
on Saturday, October 20, and later that afternoon he and co-
workers Mario Matos and Miguel Rosario, went to the Union’s
hall in San Juan, where they signed cards for the Union. Em-
ployee Luis Muler testified he also signed a card for the Union
at the Union’s hall on Saturday, October 20.
G. The Events of October 22
According to employee Rivera all 17 of the warehouse em-
ployees who were at the Company’s front gate on Friday, Oc-
tober 19, returned to the gate on Monday, October 22, along
with 3 additional coworkers, Luis Muler, Eddiel Cruz, and
Hector Franco.9 Employee Muler testified Company President
Rodriguez came to the front gate on October 22, where the
employees had gathered and looked directly at him. Employee
Rivera said a company vehicle had knocked the gate down
8 The 17 employees dismissed that morning were the same individu-
als as set forth in fn. 5.
9 Muler testified he reported back problems to the Company on Fri-
day, October 19. Cruz testified he had been suspended for 30 days
from the Company for a timecard infraction and was to have returned to
work on October 19, but did not report on that date.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 530
where they were at and that Company President Rodriguez
assisted two employees repair the gate. Rivera stated Company
President Rodriguez was “fixedly” looking at the employees at
the gate.
Also on Monday, October 22, Company Attorney Gomez,
came to where the warehouse employees were assembled at the
gate and told them Company President Rodriguez wanted to
speak with some of them. Thereafter employees Edwin Ramos,
Carlos Oyola, and Rivera, as well as Company Attorney Gomez
met with Rodriguez inside the facilities. According to Rivera,
Company President Rodriguez told them “he was working the
business through some loans and then he was going to reorgan-
ize the warehouse” and added “he was going to say who the
people who were going to be in that reorganization.” Company
Attorney Gomez then told the three warehouse employees he
was going to prepare a list for Company President Rodriguez of
the employees who would be coming back to work for the
Company. Rivera and the two other employees returned to the
other assembled employees at the front gate.
H. Company President Rodriguez’ Account of October 22
Company President Rodriguez acknowledged meeting with
three warehouse employees along with Company Attorney
Gomez on October 22. Rodriguez said he was unaware of any
organizational activities by the warehouse employees and was
not aware of any unfair labor practice charges or representation
petitions being filed at the time he met with the three ware-
house employees. Rodriguez said he told the employees he had
to reorganize the warehouse. Company President Rodriguez
explained he had to reorganize “because [he] no longer counted
with [the employees].” Rodriguez further explained that the
employees had refused to work on October 19, and he had to
organize the warehouse in a way that it would function. Rodri-
guez told the employees once he had completed the reorganiza-
tion and placed the pieces where they needed to be he would
then decide who to recall to work. Company President Rodri-
guez said he explained he would decide specifically which
employees would be recalled by examining the needs of the
Company, along with the employees’ needs and seniority.
I. The Three Discharged After October 19
1. Eddiel Cruz
Warehouse employees Muler, Cruz, and Franco, were absent
from work and did not participate in the activities of their co-
workers on October 19. On Monday, October 22, Cruz re-
ported for work but could not find his timecard to clock in.
Cruz went to Company President Rodriguez’ office to find out
about his missing timecard. Rodriguez told Cruz he was reor-
ganizing the warehouse and preparing a list of employees to be
recalled upon completion of the reorganization. Rodriguez
asked Cruz for his and coworker Franco’s home telephone
numbers. Cruz said he asked Company President Rodriguez
for a letter on his work status for unemployment purposes.
Rodriguez told Cruz the Company would mail him one which
Cruz received on October 25. Rodriguez’ letter follows:

October 22, 2001

Dear Mr. Eddiel Cruz:

Mr. Eddiel Cruz, effective today, October 22, you are
hereby laid-off as an employee from the City Stationery,
Inc. Company. The reason why we have taken the deci-
sion is due to economic reasons, in addition, a reorganiza-
tion of the work area will be carried out.

The payment in full for accrued vacations will be paid the
next payroll day, the same will be sent by mail to the ad-
dress appearing in your record. Without anything further
on this matter.

Yours Truly,

Pedro Rodriguez
President

Employee Cruz left Rodriguez’ office and joined his co-
workers at the gate telling them what had taken place in Rodri-
guez’ office. Cruz testified he also joined his coworkers at the
front gate at the Company on Tuesday, October 23, and
Wednesday, October 24. Cruz said the employees carried plac-
ards addressing the benefits they wanted from Rodriguez.
Cruz acknowledged he was given a 30-day suspension prior
to the events of October 19. Cruz explained he was given the
suspension for having clocked in the timecard of a coworker.
Cruz also acknowledged he was scheduled to return to work
from that suspension on October 19, but did not report for work
until October 22.
2. Company President Rodriguez responds
Company President Rodriguez testified Cruz was to have but
did not report for work on October 19. Rodriguez acknowl-
edged giving Cruz a layoff letter but stated the letter did not
reflect the real reason for Cruz’ termination. Rodriguez ex-
plained the “real reason was for lack of discipline, for not hav-
ing reported to work on Friday [October 19] as he was sup-
posed to have.” Rodriguez gave Cruz the “wrong reasons let-
ter” in order to enable him to draw unemployment compensa-
tion. Rodriguez said the economy in general, was slow in Oc-
tober, and that he borrowed $2 million to keep the Company
operating because accounts receivable were slow coming in.
With regard to the Company’s reorganization Rodriguez tes-
tified; “I decided to reorganize [the warehouse] when this group
of the employees disobeyed . . . orders and [decided] not to
return to work.”10
3. Luis Muler
Employee Muler testified he commenced working for the
Company in September 2000, and worked until October. Muler
said he did not report for work on October 19, because of back
problems. Muler said he reported his health-related reasons for
being absent to the Company by telephone on October 19.11

10 Rodriguez further explained his position by asking counsel, “What
would you do if you were on a boat and people who were on the boat
jumped ship; would you let the boat sink?”
11 As noted earlier Muler testified that on October 18, he and other
coworkers met at the “Naked Mare” and discussed meeting with Com-
pany President Rodriguez the next day. Muler said the employees
wanted to talk with Rodriguez about “some benefits that he had offered
us . . . that he never gave us.” Muler also went with certain coworkers
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 531
Muler reported for work on Monday, October 22, but the gates
were closed. Some coworkers told Muler the Company’s attor-
ney was going to speak with them. Muler testified the Com-
pany’s attorney appeared and told the employees Company
President Rodriguez was not happy with the situation. A short
time later Company President Rodriguez showed up at the gate
where the employees were and, according to Muler, Rodriguez
and his attorney looked at him but said nothing. Muler was
given a discharge letter dated October 22. His dismissal letter
was identical to the those given to the employees dismissed on
October 19.
4. Company President Rodriguez responds
Company President Rodriguez testified Muler had an atten-
dance problem and was often absent the day after being paid.
Rodriguez said Muler did not report for work on October 19 or
22, and failed to provide an excuse for either absence. Rodri-
guez, on cross-examination, stated he did not discharge Muler
for the number of days he was absent but rather for “the abu-
sive pattern of absenteeism that he had.”
5. Hector Franco
Hector Franco is also alleged to have been unlawfully dis-
charged on October 22; however, he waived reemployment
with the Company and the Government no longer seeks any
remedy with respect to his discharge.
J. The Charge and Petition
On October 22, the Union filed the underlying charge in the
instant unfair labor practice case and the underlying representa-
tion petition that gives rise to the challenged ballots here.
K. Events of October 23 through October 26
Muler testified he and his coworkers picketed at the Com-
pany’s front gate on Tuesday, October 23, through Friday, Oc-
tober 26. Muler said they carried picket signs that read; “Better
Working Conditions” and “Better Salaries.”
Rivera testified that around 1 p.m. on Wednesday, October
24, while they were picketing at the gate Company Attorney
Gomez approached and gave him a list of employees that were
to return to work on Thursday, October 25. Rivera said the list
was in Company President Rodriguez’ handwriting which he
based on 14 years of observing Rodriguez’ handwriting. The
list,12 reflected the nicknames for employees Norberto Hernan-
dez, Luis Maysonet, Eric Rodriguez, Ricardo Caez, Jorge
Perez, Edwin Ramos, and Rivera. Rivera showed the return-to-
work list to his coworkers and went home for the day. Rivera
received a telephone call at home around 5:30 p.m. from Com-
pany Attorney Gomez. According to Rivera’s uncontradicted
testimony, Gomez told him those on the return-to-work list
given him earlier could not do so, “because they had found out
that the Union was in the mist of it and that we were getting
organized. And we could not be there until that problem had
been resolved.”

to the Union’s hall on Saturday, October 20, and signed a union card.
Union officials told Muler and others they would be at the Company on
Monday, October 22.
12 The list was received in evidence.
Rivera was not thereafter contacted about he or the others re-
turning to work.
Maysonet testified coworker Norberto Hernandez came to
his home on October 24, and told him the Company wanted to
reinstate Maysonet the next day, Thursday, October 25. May-
sonet reported for work on that day and as he headed toward
the timeclock Company President Rodriguez told him he could
not report for work until further notice.13 Maysonet was never
given any further notice.
L .Company President Rodriguez’ Account of the Late
October Events
Company President Rodriguez testified the first document he
received from the Board was the election petition in Case 24–
RC–8213 which was filed by the Union on October 22, and
received by the Company via fax on October 23. Rodriguez
said he did not see the petition until the next morning, October
24. Rodriguez said the Company received the October 22 un-
fair labor practice charge “around” Thursday, October 25, or
Friday, October 26.
Company President Rodriguez testified he did not remember
telling employees they were not going to be recalled or rehired
because charges had been filed with the Board or that some
charge against the Company was pending before the Board.
Rodriguez does; however, acknowledge the following is set forth
in his pretrial affidavit given to the Board on November 13:

The possibility of recalling the employees who were
discharged was being considered, but it will not be done
until this impasse is resolved. When I say until this im-
passe is resolved I refer until the grievance before the
Board is resolved. I refer as a grievance to the charge be-
cause of the firing. In addition to this, it also depends on
the need arising at the Company.
. . . .
This meeting was held at the Company showroom.
Present were Attorney Augustin Gomez, Mr. Mario Ma-
tos, Mr. Angel Gonzalez, Mr. Miguel Rivera, and I. I do
not remember if any other person was present in the meet-
ing. During that meeting, the possibility of employing
them again was discussed, but since they had received the
petition for elections, I told them that I had first to resolve
that matter and I would then let them know. I believe that
the first thing I received was the petition for elections. I
received the charge for the dismissal afterwards. Nothing
else was discussed during that meeting.

Company President Rodriguez explained that what is set
forth in his pretrial Board affidavit was possibly “misinter-
preted” by the Board agent that “what I meant to say to her was
that I was going to recruit them once I had reorganized the
warehouse and reorganized all the work area so that in that way
be able to call the ones that I needed.”
Near the conclusion of his trial testimony Company Presi-
dent Rodriguez stated that in considering whether to reinstate
13 Company President Rodriguez acknowledged he told employee
Maysonet on October 25, he could not return to work until further
notice.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 532
any of the discharged employees he looked at the amount of
time they had been employed by the Company, the employees’
age, and the Company’s needs. Rodriguez added he did not
recall those discharged on October 19, because he understood
he could not do so until the unfair labor practice charge and the
election petition pending before the Board had been decided by
the Board.
II. DISCUSSION, ANALYSIS, AND CONCLUSIONS
A. Legal Principles
A key or central issue here concerns whether the actions of
the warehouse employees on October 19, constituted concerted
activities protected by the Act.
The concept of concerted action has its basis in Section 7 of
the Act. Section 7 in pertinent part states:

Employees shall have the right to self-organization to form,
join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively
through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage
in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bar-
gaining or other mutual aid or protection. . . . [Emphasis
added.]

Section 7 of the Act does not use the term “protect concerted
activities” but only “concerted activities.” The statue requires
that activities under consideration be “concerted” before they
can be “protected.” Bethany Medical Center, 328 NLRB 1094,
1101 (1999). The Board in Meyers Industries (Meyers I), 268
NLRB 493 (1984), set forth the following definition of con-
certed activities:14

In general, to find an employee’s activity to be “concerted”
we shall require that it be engaged in with or on the author-
ity of other employees, and not solely by and on behalf of
the employee himself. Once the activity is found to be con-
certed an 8(a)(1) violation will be found if, in addition, the
employer knew of the concerted nature of the employee’s
activity, the concerted activity was protected by the Act, and
the adverse employment action at issue (e.g. discharge) was
motivated by the employee’s protected concerted activity.
[Footnotes omitted.]

It is clear the Act protects discussions between two or more
employees concerning terms and conditions of employment.
Nothing is more basic “terms and conditions” of employment
than wages. Higher wages is a frequent objective of group
activity. Discussions about wages are necessary to further such
a goal. Discussions by employees about wages are protected.
Trayco of S.C., 297 NLRB 630, 634 (1990). Stated differently,
“dissatisfaction due to low wages is the grist on which con-
certed activity feeds.” Whittaker Corp., 289 NLRB 933, 934
(1988), citing Jeannette Corp. v. NLRB, 532 F.2d 916, 919 (3d
Cir. 1976). In a group-meeting context, a concerted objective
may be inferred from the circumstances. Whittaker Corp., su-
pra.

14 In Meyers Industries (Meyers II), 281 NLRB 882 (1986), the
Board held that under certain circumstances a single employee could
engage in concerted activity within the meaning of Sec. 7 of the Act.
B. The Concerted Activity
Applying the principles outlined above it is clear and I find
the warehouse employees acted concertedly when they, as a
group, met with Company President Rodriguez on October 19.
The employees preplanned the meeting deciding in advance
what they would discuss with the company president, namely
salary increases and improved worker benefits. The employ-
ees, who met as a group, selected two employees to act as their
spokespersons. Employees Garcia and Rivera, as the group’s
spokespersons, specifically asked Rodriguez about salary in-
creases. It is also clear and I find Company President Rodri-
guez knew the employees were acting in concert. He acknowl-
edged an employee [Oyola] came to him on the morning of
October 19, and told him “the group from the warehouse
[wants] to speak with [you].” Rodriguez spoke with them
about wages and attempted to persuade the employees it was
hard economic times and they should wait until he could look at
their wage concerns at the end of the year. All the warehouse
employees were present at the October 19 meeting except per-
haps three. The employees’ action on October 19 was expressly
and inferentially concerted.
C. Company Knowledge of Concerted Activity
It is beyond question and I find the Company knew of the
concerted nature of its employees activities. As just noted,
Company President Rodriguez was requested to meet with the
warehouse employees, which he in fact did, and discussed wage
concerns with them. Company Traffic Manager Wilma Rodri-
guez talked with the employees, albeit briefly before her father
removed her from the area, about their wage concerns. Com-
pany attorney Gomez knew of the concerted nature of the em-
ployees activities and even attempted to “mediate” between the
employees and Company President Rodriguez.
D. Concerted Protected Activities
Not only were the employees activities concerted, and
known by the Company to be concerted, the activities were
protected by the Act. Discussions by employees with their
employer about wages are protected.
E. The Discharge of the Warehouse Employees
The Company’s discharge of its warehouse employees on
October 19 violated the Act. I note the employees engaged in
concerted activity protected by the Act at approximately 8 a.m.
on October 19, and Company President Rodriguez discharged
them at approximately 11 a.m. that same morning. In his dis-
missal letter to the warehouse employees Company President
Rodriguez indicated; “[t]he reason for having reached this deci-
sion [to discharge the employees] is that you abandoned your
work post without authorization.” I, however, find Company
President Rodriguez ordered the warehouse employees out of
the company facilities on October 19, when they sought to fur-
ther discuss wage concerns with him. However, even if I con-
cluded the employees walked out to protest his failure to talk
further about their wage concerns the end result would be the
same. Employees, such as those here, may lawfully engage in a
walkout to protest terms and conditions of their employment. I
specifically reject the Company’s contention the employees
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 533
abandoned their jobs in violation of the Company’s rules and
thus the employees were lawfully discharged. I also reject the
Company’s contention it was going through economic hard
times to justify its actions. Company President Rodriguez testi-
fied, in response to one of his own counsel’s questions, that he
terminated the warehouse employees on October 19, because
they violated his rules and “refused to work.” I find the Com-
pany would not have discharged the warehouse employees but
for their concerted protected activities.
F. The October 19 Discharges Violated the Act
In summary on this point, I find the warehouse employees
engaged in concerted activity on October 19, that was protected
by Section 7 of the Act and the Company violated Section
8(a)(1) of the Act by discharging the warehouse employees for
their participation in protected concerted activities.15
G. Discharge of Muler
I credit employee Muler’s testimony he did not report for
work on Friday, October 19, because of health problems related
to his back, and that he reported his health problems to the
Company on that date. Muler however knew the warehouse
employees were going to attempt to meet with Company Presi-
dent Rodriguez on October 19, because Muler and certain co-
workers had discussed such a meeting the night before at a
local club. Muler knew the warehouse employees wanted to
specifically discuss with Rodriguez benefits he had promised
but never gave to the employees. Muler reported for work on
Monday, October 22, but according to his testimony, which I
credit, the gates to the Company were closed. Muler joined his
fellow workers outside the front gate and was observed there by
Company Attorney Gomez and Company President Rodriguez.
Muler’s dismissal letter from Company President Rodriguez
was dated October 22, however, it was identical to the letters
given the warehouse employees terminated on October 19.
The Government established Muler engaged in concerted ac-
tivity protected by the Act by showing Muler joined his co-
workers outside the front gate on the day he was discharged.
Muler’s coworkers were picketing for better wages and work-
ing conditions. Company President Rodriguez and attorney
Gomez saw Muler at the Company gate. The reasons given
Muler for his discharge were the same reasons, found to be
unlawful, that were given to the warehouse employees termi-
nated by the Company on October 19. Muler’s dismissal was
just one part of Company President Rodriguez’ larger layoff of
the warehouse employees because of their attempts to discuss
wage and benefit concerns with him. It is also noted Company
Attorney Gomez told the warehouse employees Company
President Rodriguez was unhappy with their concerted activi-
ties. I am persuaded the Government has established Rodri-
guez’ unhappiness carried over to include Muler as well.
I find the Company failed to demonstrate it would have
taken the action it did even if Muler had not joined his fellow-
workers at the gate on October 22. I reject, as unworthy of
reliance, Rodriguez’ contention he discharged Muler as a result
of an “abusive pattern of absenteeism.” Even assuming Muler

15 The names of those wrongfully discharged are set forth in fn. 5 of
this decision.
had an attendance problem it would appear nothing came of it
until the warehouse employees engaged in concerted protected
activities which made Rodriguez “unhappy.” Muler’s October
19 absence was reported by Muler to the Company and his
absence on October 22, was to join his coworkers picketing at
the Company gate.
I find the Company violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act when,
on October 22, it discharged its employee Luis Muler.
H. Discharge of Cruz
Employee Cruz did not report for work on Friday, October 19,
which was the date his 30-day suspension for a prior company
rule infraction had been satisfied. Cruz attempted to clock in for
work on Monday, October 22, however, his timecard was miss-
ing. Company President Rodriguez told Cruz he was reorganiz-
ing the warehouse and preparing a list of employees to be re-
called upon completion of the reorganization. Rodriguez asked
Cruz for his and fellow employee Franco’s home telephone num-
bers in order to contact them about recall. Cruz then left the
warehouse and joined his coworkers at the front gate where they
carried placards addressing their concerns with the Company.
Employees Rivera and Muler testified Company President Rod-
riguez observed the employees’ activity at the gate.
The evidence establishes Cruz engaged in concerted pro-
tected activity of which the Company was aware. It is, as set
forth elsewhere in this decision, quite clear Company President
Rodriguez was “upset” with the employees concerted activities.
Company President Rodriguez laid off employee Cruz on Oc-
tober 22. Cruz’ layoff letter stated in part, “The reason why we
have taken the decision is due to economic reasons, in addition,
a reorganization of the work area will be carried out.” I find
the Government established a prima facie case regarding Cruz’
termination. Cruz’ layoff, albeit 1 workday later than others,
was part of the Company’s overall layoff of the warehouse
employees on October 19.
I find the Company failed to demonstrate Cruz’ layoff would
have taken place even in the absence of his and coworkers con-
certed protected activities. Company President Rodriguez even
acknowledged that the reasons set forth in Cruz’ termination
letter were inaccurate but asserted he provided such inaccurate
information to enable Cruz to draw unemployment compensa-
tion. Rodriguez testified the real reason for Cruz’ discharge
“was for a lack of discipline” resulting from his not reporting
for work on Friday, October 19. I reject Rodriguez’ assertions.
First, there is no credible evidence Cruz was ever told his layoff
was as a result of his failing to report for work on the previous
Friday. Second, Rodriguez admits part of the reason for Cruz’
layoff was the reorganization of the warehouse. However,
Rodriguez acknowledged he only decided to reorganize the
warehouse after, and as a direct result of, the employees con-
certed protected activities. Thus, the Company may not validly
rely on its reorganization to in any manner justify its layoff of
Cruz.
I am persuaded and find the Company terminated Cruz be-
cause he, along with other warehouse employees, engaged in
concerted protected activities and his termination violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) of the Act.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 534
I. Return-to-Work Plans
It is undisputed Company President Rodriguez along with
Attorney Gomez met with three of the warehouse employees
Rivera, Ramos, and Oyala on Monday, October 22. At the
meeting Rodriguez explained he was reorganizing the ware-
house. Rodriquez told the three employees that when the reor-
ganization was completed he would decide who to recall for
work. Attorney Gomez told the employees he would prepare a
list of employees to be recalled.
Rivera credibly testified that at 1 p.m. on Wednesday, Octo-
ber 25, Attorney Gomez brought him at the front gate a list of
employees that were to return to work the next day. Rivera
further credibly testified Attorney Gomez telephoned him at
home around 5:30 p.m. that same day and told him those on the
list could not return to work the next day because the Company
had learned the Union was involved and the employees were
attempting to get organized. Gomez added the employees
could not return to work until that problem was resolved.
Employee Maysonet was told on October 24, by employee
Hernandez, that he was to report for work on October 25. It is
undisputed Maysonet reported for work on that date but was
told, on his way to the timeclock, by Company President Rod-
riguez not to report for work until further notice.
Rodriguez could not recall telling employees they were not
to be recalled or rehired because a charge or petition had been
filed with the Board. Rodriguez acknowledged stating in his
pretrial Board affidavit he had considered recalling the employ-
ees but decided not to until the matter before the Board was
resolved. Rodriguez explained in his pretrial Board affidavit;
“the possibility of employing them again was discussed but
since [the Company] had received the petition for election, I
told them that I had to resolve that matter and I would then let
them know.”
I find the Company notified certain employees on October
24, to return for work but on October 25, refused to reinstate
them because it learned a union was involved filing an election
petition and an unfair labor practice charge. It is clear, and I
find, the Company had plans to recall or rehire certain of its
employees who were qualified for positions that were vacant
but it did not do so for unlawfully motivated reasons and its
actions violate Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act. I reject, as
unworthy of belief, Company President Rodriguez’ testimony
that he was simply misinterpreted by the Board’s agent in his
pretrial Board affidavit. I likewise reject the Company’s as-
serted defense that Rodriguez held an honest belief that he
could not recall the employees until the actions before the
Board were resolved. Rodriguez had legal counsel throughout
these actions.
In summary, I find the Company’s failure to recall its em-
ployees Norbeto Hernandez, Luis Maysonet, Eric Rodriguez,
Miguel Rivera, and Ricardo Cruz on or about October 25, was
because the employees joined or assisted the Union and to dis-
courage employees from engaging in these activities and as
such violated Section 8(a)(3) and (1) of the Act.16

16 Additionally, I find Company Attorney Gomez’ statement, to
Rivera that certain employees could not return to work because the
Union was involved was coercive and independently violates Sec.
III. REPRESENTATION CASE
A. Background
Pursuant to a Stipulated Election Agreement approved by the
Acting Regional Director for Region 24 on November 1, a se-
cret ballot election was conducted on December 3 among the
employees in the following appropriate collective-bargaining
unit:

All chauffeurs, chauffeurs helpers, and warehouse employees
employed by the Company at its place of business located in
Caguas, Puerto Rico, excluding all other employees, guards
and supervisors as defined in the Act.

The tally of ballots indicated three votes were cast for the
Union while six votes were cast against representation by the
Union. Seventeen determinative challenges were consolidated
for hearing with this unfair labor practice proceeding. Sixteen
of the 17 challenged ballots are those named in the complaint as
having been wrongfully discharged by the Company on either
October 19 or 22. The challenged ballot of Miguel Rosario was
withdrawn in as much as it was established Rosario voted un-
challenged in the December 3 election.
B. Resolution of Determinative Challenged Ballots
Sixteen challenged ballots were challenged by the Board be-
cause the voters names did not appear on the voter eligibility
list.
In as much as I have concluded that 16 of the challenged bal-
lots were the 16 employees wrongfully discharged by the Com-
pany, I shall overrule the Board’s challenge to those ballots.
Ms. Desserts, Inc., 299 NLRB 236, 237 fn. 8 (1990). Included
in these 16 challenged ballots are the ballots of employees Bal-
tazar Garcia and Hector Franco who waived their right to rein-
statement with the Company for compensation. The two signed
broad waivers which the Company argues should waive the
right to have their ballots opened and counted. I reject the
Company’s contention. Challenged ballots may not be re-
deemed by the payment of money because such would be
against public policy.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. City Stationery, Inc. is an employer engaged in commerce
within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
2. Union de Tronquistas de Puerto Rico, Local 901, IBT,
AFL–CIO is a labor organization with the meaning of Section
2(5) of the Act.
3. By discharging on October 19 and 22, 2001, its employees
Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R. Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez, Gerardo
Rivera, Emiliano Santos, Ricardo Caez, Miguel Rosario, Jesús
Sánchez, Eric Rodriguez, Norberto Hernández, Mario Matos,
Carlos Oyola, José M. Rivera, Edwin Ramos, Baltazar García,
Carlos J. Rodriguez, and Misael Rodriguez, and thereafter re-

8(a)(1) of the Act. I likewise find that Company President Rodriguez’
statement, as contained in his pretrial affidavit, that the possibility of
reemploying the warehouse employees was actively considered, but he
told the employees it could not take place until after the petition for an
election had been resolved was coercive and independently violated
Sec. 8(a)(1) of the Act. TPA, Inc., 337 NLRB 282, 283 (2001).
CITY STATIONERY, INC. 535
fusing to reinstate all of them except Emiliano Santos, Edwin
Ramos, Miguel Rosario, Baltazar García, and Hector Franco,
because they engaged in protected concerted activities, the
Company engaged in unfair labor practices in violation of Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) of the Act.
4. By failing and refusing since on or about October 25,
2001, to reinstate its employees Norberto Hernández, Luis R.
Maysonet, Eric Rodriguez, Miguel Rivera, and Ricardo Caez
because they joined and/or assisted the Union and to discourage
employees from engaging in these activities, the Company
violated Section 8(a)(3) of the Act.
5. By telling its employees reinstatement to their jobs was
being held up because an election petition was filed the Com-
pany violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
6. These unfair labor practices affect commerce within the
meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
REMEDY
It having been found the Company has engaged in certain
unfair labor practices, I recommend it be ordered to cease and
desist therefrom and to take certain affirmative action designed
to effectuate the purposes of the Act.
It is recommended the Company be required, within 14 days
from the date of this Order, to offer Pedro Arzuaga, Luis R.
Maysonet, Miguel Meléndez, Gerardo Rivera, Ricardo Caez,
Jesús Sánchez, Eric Rodriguez, Norberto Hernández, Mario
Matos, Carlos Oyola, José M. Rivera, Carlos J. Rodriguez,
Misael Rodriguez, Luis Muler, and Eddiel Cruz reinstatement
to their jobs, or if their former jobs no longer exist to substan-
tially equivalent positions, without prejudice to their seniority,
or other rights or privileges previously enjoyed, and make them
whole for any loss of earnings or other benefits suffered as a
result of the discrimination against them with interest. Unem-
ployment compensation shall not be considered interim earn-
ings. Backpay shall be computed in accordance with F. W.
Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950), and interest shall be
computed in accordance with New Horizons for the Retarded,
283 NLRB 1173 (1987). I also recommend the Company be
ordered, within 14 days from the date of this Order, to remove
from the files of the above-listed employees any reference to
their unlawful discharge, and within 3 days thereafter, notify
them in writing this has been done and that their discharge will
not be used against them in any manner. I also recommend the
Company be ordered, within 14 days after service by the Re-
gion, to post an appropriate notice to employees,17 copies of
which are attached hereto as an “Appendix” for a period of 60
days in order that employees may be apprised of their rights
under the Act and the Company’s obligation to remedy its un-
fair labor practices. The Government does not seek nor do I
recommend any remedy with respect to employees Emiliano
Santos, Edwin Ramos, and Miguel Rosario who have already
been reinstated and Baltazar Garcia and Hector Franco who
reached a settlement with the Company whereby they were
compensated and waived their right to be reemployed by the
Company.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]

17 The notices shall be in English and Spanish.