American Dyewood Co.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

May 12, 1952

99 N.L.R.B. 78 (N.L.R.B. 1952)

78 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
AMERICAN DYEWOOD COMPANY and LOCAL 399, INTERNATIONAL CIIEM-
ICAL WORKERS UNION, AFL, PETITIONER . Case No. 92-RC-4165.
May 12, 1952
Decision and Order
IJpon,a petition duly filed under Section 9 (c) of the National Labor
Relations Act, a hearing was held before George Turitz, hearing
officer . The hearing officer's rulings made at the hearing are free
from prejudicial error and are hereby affirmed.'
Upon the entire record in this case, the Board finds :
1. The Employer is engaged in commerce within the meaning of the
Act.
2. The labor organizations involved claim to represent employees
,of the Employer.
3. No question affecting commerce exists concerning the representa-
tion of -employees of the Employer within the meaning of Section 9
(c) (1) and Section 2 (6) and (7) of the Act, for the following
reasons:
The Petitioner seeks a unit of production and maintenance em-
ployees at the Employer's Belleville, New Jersey, plant, excluding
office clerical employees, professional employees, guards, watchmen,
watchman-fireman, executives, and all supervisors as defined in the
Act. The Employer and the Intervenor urge their current contract
as a bar to the instant petition. The Petitioner advances a number
of reasons in support of its contention that the contract is not a bar.
It asserts that the contract was unreasonably extended; that it contains
an illegal union-security clause; that employees are otherwise subject
to illegal coercion by the Intervenor and Employer; and, finally, that
the unit covered by the contract is inappropriate because it contains
guards as, well as production and maintenance employees. We find
no merit in these contentions.
On May 12, 1950, after a consent election lost by the Petitioner in
April 1950,2 the Employer and the Intervenor executed a contract
effective for the 1-year period ending March 1, 1951. On November
28, 1950, a supplemental agreement was signed providing for a gen-
eral wage increase and extending all other terms of the contract until
March 1, 1953. The petition herein was filed on November 23, 1951.
As the petition was filed after the expiration date of the original con-
tract, we find that it was untimely.' We find also that the extension
1 Local 115, United Construction Workers, United Mine Wdrkers;'was, permitted! to inter
vene on the basis of its contractual interest.
2 Case No. 2-RC-2099.
The Intervenor, which has never been in compliance with Section 9 (f), (g), and (h) of
the Act, was not a party to the consent agreement and did not participate in the election.
2 Cf. National Gypsum Company, 96 NLRB 676; W. S. Ponton of New Jersey, Inc.,
93 NLRB 924.
99 NLRB No. 17.
AMERICAN DYEWOOD COMPANY 79
of the contract for a 2-year period beyond the original term was not
unreasonable'
The Petitioner contends that although the union-security provi-
sion 6 has not gone into operation, it nevertheless has a coercive effect
because its deferral clause is too vague. We have held that a contract
containing an illegal union-security provision operates as a bar, if it
also contains a saving clause which makes it clear that a union-security
provision is not to take effect until such time in the future as the
legality of the union-security provision is established .6 In the present
case, the deferral clause clearly discloses the parties' intent to defer
the application of their union-security agreement until such time
as it might lawfully become effective.
The Intervenor's constitution and bylaws provides that "any mem-
ber becoming 3 months in arrears for dues unless officially exoner-
ated for same, shall forfeit his membership, and shall be subject to
dismissal from- employment.", The Petitioner points out that the
constitution and bylaws was attached to the contract and distributed
by the Employer to employees as a single document; it contends that
as a consequence the quoted language is a form of duress and coercion
in the absence of a bona fide union-security provision in the contract.
There is nothing in the contract which requires the Employer to abide
by the terms of Intervenor's constitution and bylaws. Accordingly,
we find that the parties did not incorporate in the contract the above
provision of the Intervenor's constitution and bylaws. Moreover, as
noted above, the operation of the union-security provision in the
contract had been effectively suspended by the deferral clause.,
The Petitioner takes the position that in requiring the Employer
to consult with the Intervenor respecting layoffs, the seniority clause
in the contract is so framed that the latter can, in the absence of a'
bona fide security provision, unfairly, discriminate against those em-
ployees who are not its members. As the contract sets out seniority
principles which are uniform for union and nonunion employees
alike, there is no merit in this contention of the Petitioner.
The Petitioner also urges that the Intervenor's contract is not a bar
on the technical ground that it includes several guards in the appro-
4 International Paper Company, 80 NLRB 751.
s This provision reads as follows :
Should the existing Labor Law be amended so as to permit it, or should the current
law he interpreted authoritatively to make it permissible , or should a new law be
enacted clearly making it legal , it is agreed that all employees who are members of
the Union as of the effective date of this agreement , and all employees who there-
after have become or may hereafter become members of the Union, shall remain
members - of the Union in good standing for the duration of this agreement as a
condition of continued employment by the Company ; and further , should it become
legal to do so, as stated above, that all new employees hired after the day of this
agreement , shall , upon the completion of the probationary period as provided herein,
become members of the Union and remain members in good standing for the duration
of this agreement as a condition of continued employment.
Barium Steel and Forge, Inc., 88 NLRB 564 ; Wyckoff Steel Company, 86 NLRB 1318.
80 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
priate unit. Although the recognition clause of that contract does
not mention guards, some of the substantive terms relate to working
conditions of guards. This contention would require an unwarranted
and impractically strict interpretation of Section 9 (b) (3). That
section of the amended Act merely forbids the Board itself to estab-
lish as appropriate a unit containing guards as well as other employees.
It does not impose upon the Board a duty to police every contract
voluntarily established by the parties, to determine whether they have
covered the working conditions of individual employees whom the
Board, if called upon to make a decision, would exclude. The
Board's contract bar rule is based upon broad policy considerations.
It aims to stabilize the relationship between employers and their
employees' bargaining representatives for the duration of a reasonable
contract term. The Intervenor and the Employer are bargaining on
the basis of such a contract. To disrupt that relationship, it seems
to us, should require something more than a finding that several em-
ployees should not have been included in an otherwise clearly appro-
priate unit. We specifically do not find that guards may be appro-
priately included in a production and maintenance unit. Contrary
to our dissenting colleague's position, we do not believe that we are
indirectly making any such decision. We simply are not persuaded,
as a matter of over-all policy, that the existence of coverage here
warrants disturbing stability by making inapplicable the Board's
normal contract bar doctrine. To do so, we are convinced, would
invite wholesale examination of existing contracts as a first step
toward raids by competing labor organizations. It would jeopardize
numberless existing contracts for no reason other than the parties'
voluntary inclusion of a fringe category of employees whom this
Board, when exercising its affirmative statutory powers, would con-
cededly lack authority to direct them to include.
Under these circumstances, we find that the current contract be-
tween the Employer and the Intervenor operates as a bar to an im-
mediate determination of representatives. We shall therefore dismiss
the instant petition.
Order
IT Is HEREBY ORDERED that the instant petition be, and hereby is,
dismissed.
MEMBER HOUSTON, dissenting in part :
I dissent from the majority's finding that the Intervenor's contract
is a bar to this petition despite the fact that the contract unit contains
guards as well as production and maintenance employees. While it is
LOUISVILLE CONTAINER CORPORATION 81
true that this unit was established without Board sanction,7 I am not
prepared to concede that the majority's decision here involves no af-
firmative action on its part. Rather I believe that the majority by
putting its stamp of approval on this type of unit is accomplishing in-
directly what Congress has specifically forbidden it to do directly.
Section 9 (b) (3) of the amended Act provides: "That the Board shall
not ... decide that any unit is appropriate for such purposes [collective
bargaining] if it includes, together with other employees, any indi-
vidual employed as a guard...." Historically, the Board's contract
bar rule has assumed that the union protected for a reasonable period
in its bargaining relationship was representing an appropriate unit or,
at least, one not clearly inappropriate.8 Even though the majority has
made no formal unit finding^in this case, it has approved continued bar-
gaining by the Intervenor and Employer for a unit including guards
together with other employees. This is exactly the kind of unit that
Congress, it seems to me, intended to eliminate from national collective
bargaining by the language contained in Section 9 (b) (3). To say,
as the majority does, that the Board should interpret this section as
applicable only to units initially established by it and as inapplicable,
at least policy-wise, to units coming under Board scrutiny seems to me
to thwart the clearly expressed purpose of Congress. For it is ap-
parent that Congress directed this prohibition at the Board alone
simply, because it is the Board which is entrusted with the exclusive
function of defining appropriate units. Consistent with the Board's
established policy,9 I believe it to be. the Board's duty to encourage
labor contracts in accord with the policies of the amended Act and to
discourage by every means in its power, including the Board's dis-
cretionary contract bar rule, those contracts that are directly contrary
to such policies. I would therefore find that the contract in this case
is not effective as a bar to a present direction of an election.
I As indicated supra, a consent election immediately preceded the execution of the instant
contract . It is noteworthy that the unit set out in that election , conducted under Board
auspices , specifically excluded guards from the appropriate unit . Apparently , the inclu-
sion of guards in the contract unit was in flagrant disregard of the unit previously approved
by the Board's Regional Director.
8 Savannah Electric and Power Company, 48 NLRB 33.
8 C. Hager c6 Sons Hinge Manufacturing Company, 80 NLRB 163.
LOUISVILLE CONTAINER CORPORATION and UNITED ELECTRICAL, RADIO
& MACHINE WORKERS OF AMERICA (UE). Case No. 9-CA-411.
May 13, 1952
Decision and Order
On November 2, 1951, Trial Examiner Lee J. Best issued his Inter-
mediate Report in this case , finding that the Respondent had engaged
99 NLRB . No. 10.