Opinion
August 31, 1995
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (Beverly S. Cohen, J.).
The IAS Court erred in concluding that the provisions of Labor Law § 240 (1), which impose absolute liability upon owners, contractors, and their agents for failing to furnish or erect safety devices to protect workers from the risks of elevation-related injuries, are inapplicable to the facts of this case. In Ross v. Curtis-Palmer Hydro-Elec. Co. ( 81 N.Y.2d 494, 501), the Court of Appeals, citing Rocovich v. Consolidated Edison Co. ( 78 N.Y.2d 509), specifically stated that section 240 (1) applies to the "'special hazards'" of "falling from a height or being struck by a falling object that was improperly hoisted or inadequately secured" (emphasis added). The statute "'"is to be liberally construed to accomplish its beneficent purpose; [i.e.] the better protection of work[ers] engaged in certain dangerous employments"'" ( Oden v. Chemung County Indus. Dev. Agency, 183 A.D.2d 998, 999-1000). Here, plaintiff Gustav Sherman was injured by a ten foot long steel beam which was parallel to the ground and elevated by two eight foot tall vertical beams, and which was part of a hoisting apparatus. The lifting beam had been previously secured to the steel building column by an iron sling to prevent the effects of gravity from taking place. On the day of the accident, the sling was not in place, causing the beam to fall. The obvious nature of the danger, i.e., that this beam would fall on someone if left unsecured, is confirmed by the fact that the beam was so secured prior to the day of the accident. Such a patent danger from an inadequately secured beam clearly falls within the contemplated hazards of the statute. Accordingly, the plaintiffs' Labor Law § 240 (1) claim should not have been dismissed.
Moreover, the testimony of plaintiff, the investigation and accident reports, and the sworn testimony of an eyewitness and site manager unequivocally established that on the day of the accident, the lifting beam was not shackled or otherwise secured to the steel column before it fell on plaintiff. Additionally, the testimony of plaintiff and his co-worker demonstrates that the violation was the proximate cause of the injury. Plaintiff's co-worker, Alan Klug, an eyewitness to the accident, stated in his sworn statement that during the weekend prior to the accident, someone had unshackled the beam from the steel column, and that after plaintiff broke a piece of wood between the beam and the column, the beam and the "cross-member" fell forward on top of plaintiff. Thus, plaintiffs presented prima facie evidence that there were no safety devices in place at the time of the accident and this violation proximately caused Gustav Sherman's injury.
On appeal, defendant Hinck and third-party defendant RRT have failed to address the issue of whether summary judgment should be granted in plaintiffs' favor. Babylon Recycling Center, Inc. did not appear on appeal. Under the statute, the defendants Hinck and Babylon, as general contractor and owner of the construction site, respectively, are absolutely liable ( Oden v. Chemung County Indus. Dev. Agency, supra [property owner and contractor held absolutely liable and summary judgment granted when crane struck upright column, situated on floor, causing it to fall on plaintiff; summary judgment denied as to crane owner, operator and company that hired operator]). Plaintiffs have established that this an "'extreme case where no protective device [has been] furnished'" ( Babuzano v. Rem Gen. Constr., 202 A.D.2d 462) in that a brace or sling was not furnished, and the beam was left unsecured. Thus, plaintiffs were entitled to summary judgment in their favor on their claim pursuant to section 240 (1).
Turning then to the question of venue, we begin by noting plaintiffs' choice of New York County for this action was based on defendant Babylon Recycling Center, Inc.'s designation of New York County as its principal place of business in its certificate of incorporation and therefore a proper venue (CPLR 503[c]). To the extent that the IAS Court found that Suffolk County would be a more appropriate venue than New York County, its decision was based on the need for liability witnesses from Suffolk County. However, in light of our determination with respect to the plaintiffs' summary judgment motion, the convenience of plaintiff's damage witnesses no longer need be subordinated to the convenience of defendants' liability witnesses. Two of plaintiff's witnesses on the issue of damages, officials from his union, reside in New York City, and his wage and benefit records are maintained in lower Manhattan. Plaintiffs' economist is in Manhattan. In its current posture, this is no longer a case where "all things being equal, [it is] a transitory action [which] should be tried in the county in which the cause of action arose" ( McGuire v. General Elec. Co., 117 A.D.2d 523, 523-524). Rather, the "convenience of material witnesses and the ends of justice will be promoted" (CPLR 510) by retention of venue in New York County.
Concur — Rosenberger, J.P., Ellerin, Tom and Mazzarelli, JJ.
Kupferman, J., dissents and would affirm for the reasons stated by Cohen, J.