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Molo v. Johnson

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
Mar 28, 2000
207 F.3d 773 (5th Cir. 2000)

Summary

holding that the Suspension Clause was not violated when nothing prevented the prisoner from filing his application before the statute of limitation expired

Summary of this case from Delaney v. Matesanz

Opinion

No. 99-20118.

March 28, 2000.

Randy A. Schaffer, Schaffer Henley Houston, TX, for Petitioner-Appellant.

Edwin A. Schaffer, Schaffer Henley, Houston, TX, for Respondent-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas.

Before POLITZ, JOHN R. GIBSON, and HIGGINBOTHAM, Circuit Judges.

Circuit Judge of the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation.


The district court dismissed Orin Lee Molo's habeas petition as time-barred. Molo appeals that dismissal, offering a variety of arguments to invoke equitable tolling. Finding none of these adequate, we AFFIRM the dismissal of Molo's habeas petition.

I.

Molo was convicted of robbery by assault on October 2, 1968. His punishment was enhanced for a previous felony conviction, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. He claims that he is actually innocent of the offense because he was insane at the time he committed it. He demanded money and food from people while waiting in a parking lot for his mother and doctor to discuss his psychiatric condition. He raised an insanity defense, and there was competing psychiatric testimony on the sanity issue. Two jurors testified at Molo's motion for a new trial that they believed he was insane but voted to convict because they thought he should be confined to receive treatment for mental illness.

Molo claims that no appellate court has ever reviewed his claim on the merits. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Molo's conviction on January 7, 1970 because his attorney failed to file a timely appellate brief. His subsequent attorney raised a jury misconduct claim in a second application for writ of habeas corpus February 5, 1975, which was denied without written order. Molo filed a pro se application for writ of habeas corpus on November 17, 1975, asserting an ineffective assistance of counsel claim and a claim that he was denied the presumption of innocence because he was dressed in prisoner's clothing at his trial. That application too was denied without written order. Molo filed another state habeas application through his present counsel on December 10, 1997, which was dismissed as a successive writ.

Molo filed a federal habeas petition on August 25, 1998. The district court dismissed the petition as barred by the AEDPA's statute of limitations set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d). Recognizing that he had missed the filing deadline, Molo urged that the exceptional circumstances of the case justified equitable tolling. The district court held that equitable tolling was available only when the petitioner had been prevented from filing on time, and that Molo made no such claim. The district court granted Molo a certificate of appealability on the question whether his were rare and exceptional circumstances that would justify equitable tolling. Molo timely appealed.

II.

We review the district court's denial of equitable tolling for abuse of discretion.

See Fisher v. Johnson, 174 F.3d 710, 713 (5th Cir. 1999) (noting that de novo review applies where district court denies equitable tolling as a matter of law). In the instant case, the district court declined equitable tolling as an exercise of discretion, finding that Molo's circumstances were not "rare and exceptional."

The one-year limitations period of the AEDPA is a statute of limitations that is not jurisdictional and is subject to equitable tolling. Equitable tolling, however, is permissible only under "rare and exceptional" circumstances. Petitioners whose convictions became final before the effective date of the AEDPA were given a grace period of one year to file their federal habeas petitions, rendering them timely if filed by April 27, 1997. None of the reasons Molo offers justifies tolling.

Davis v. Johnson, 158 F.3d 806, 807 (5th Cir. 1998).

See Davis, 158 F.3d at 811.

Flanagan v. Johnson, 154 F.3d 196, 201 (5th Cir. 1998).

Molo argues that the limitations period should be tolled because he is innocent. Without deciding whether proof of factual innocence would toll the limitations period, we find that Molo does not show that he is factually innocent. Three physicians testified at Molo's trial. Molo's family doctor, who had treated him for mental illness, testified that Molo was mentally ill and should receive treatment. Two Harris County, Texas, psychiatrists testified that Molo was sane at the time of the offense. Molo argues that because the psychiatrists finding him sane examined him one and seven weeks after the offense, respectively, and his family physician examined him immediately prior to the offense, the evidence was insufficient for the jury to find him sane. We disagree. Molo has not shown that he was factually innocent.

See Felder v. Johnson, No. 98-21050, 2000 WL 144178, at *2 (5th Cir. Feb. 9, 2000).

Molo argues that failing to toll the AEDPA's statute of limitations in his case will violate the Suspension Clause of Art. I, § 9. The 1-year limitations period of the AEDPA does not violate the Suspension Clause unless it "renders the habeas remedy "`inadequate or ineffective' to test the legality of detention." Molo has not shown how the limitations period made the habeas remedy inadequate or ineffective for him, since nothing prevented him from filing a petition before the limitations period expired. Molo argues that the district court should have invoked equitable tolling because he was denied any appeal of his case through ineffective assistance of counsel and state courts' erroneous application of state law. Whether Molo had effective assistance of counsel on direct appeal in state court is not relevant to the question of tolling the AEDPA's statute of limitations. A criminal defendant has a right to effective assistance of counsel on a first appeal as of right. An alleged violation of that right does not toll the AEDPA's statute of limitations. The same is so of his claim that the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals erred under state law when it denied his out-of-time appeal.

See Miller v. Marr, 141 F.3d 976, 977 (10th Cir. 1998) (quoting Swain v. Pressley, 430 U.S. 372, 381 (1977)).

See Evitts v. Lucey, 469 U.S. 387, 395 (1985).

Molo argues that the evidence was insufficient to convict him, and that his conviction likely would have been reversed on direct appeal. Even if that is so, his ineffective assistance of counsel claim does not toll the AEDPA's statute of limitations.

Molo argues that the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals erred when it denied his 1975 pro se application for writ of habeas corpus under Ex parte Raley, 528 S.W.2d 257 (Tex.Crim.App. 1975, no pet.) , overruled on other grounds, Hurley v. State, 606 S.W.2d 887, 889 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980, pet. ref'd). Federal habeas review does not extend to state court conclusions of state law. See Fairman v. Anderson, 188 F.3d 635, 641 (5th Cir. 1999).

Neither does Molo's jury misconduct claim toll the AEDPA's limitations period. At a hearing on his motion for a new trial, two jurors testified that they believed Molo was insane but voted to convict so he would be confined to receive treatment for mental illness. The facts underlying this claim did not prevent Molo from filing a federal habeas petition until the limitations period expired.

III.

None of the reasons Molo advances are sufficient to justify tolling of the AEDPA's limitations period. We affirm the district court's dismissal of his petition as time-barred.

AFFIRMED.


Summaries of

Molo v. Johnson

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
Mar 28, 2000
207 F.3d 773 (5th Cir. 2000)

holding that the Suspension Clause was not violated when nothing prevented the prisoner from filing his application before the statute of limitation expired

Summary of this case from Delaney v. Matesanz

holding that the one-year statute of limitations does not violate the Suspension Clause

Summary of this case from Perez v. Stephens

holding that even assuming petitioner's contentions regarding ineffective assistance of counsel were correct, alleged violation of right to effective assistance of appellate counsel did not toll limitations period for filing habeas petitioner

Summary of this case from Polk v. Cain

finding that § 2255 statute of limitations only alters the procedure for bringing habeas petition and does not unconstitutionally suspend the writ

Summary of this case from Edwards v. U.S.

finding ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal does not toll the AEDPA limitations period

Summary of this case from Bowie v. Dretke

determining that the statute of limitations does not make the writ inadequate or ineffective because "nothing prevent [a petitioner] from filing a petition before the limitations period expire"

Summary of this case from Wyche v. U.S.

affirming dismissal of non-capital defendant's habeas petition as time-barred and holding that defendant had failed to show how AEDPA one-year period made habeas remedy inadequate or ineffective for him

Summary of this case from Rojas v. Cockrell

reviewing a district court's denial of equitable tolling for abuse of discretion but noting that de novo review applies where district court denies equitable tolling as a matter of law

Summary of this case from Belot v. Burge

reviewing district court's conclusion that AEDPA's time limit does not violate the Suspension Clause

Summary of this case from Teemac v. Henderson

In Molo v. Johnson, 207 F.3d 773, 775 (5th Cir. 2000), the court applied an abuse of discretion standard to determine whether the district court erred in refusing to apply the doctrine of equitable tolling in a habeas case.

Summary of this case from Dunlap v. U.S.

providing whether petitioner "had effective assistance of counsel on direct appeal in state court is not relevant to the question of tolling the statute of limitations"

Summary of this case from Scott v. Davis

In Molo v. Johnson, 207 F.3d 773 (5th Cir. 2000), the Fifth Circuit held that the "1-year limitations period of the AEDPA does not violate the Suspension Clause unless it renders the habeas remedy inadequate or ineffective to test the legality of detention."

Summary of this case from Henderson v. Davis

analyzing whether the one-year statute of limitations under the AEDPA violates the Suspension Clause

Summary of this case from KNOD v. DIRECTOR

In Molo v. Johnson, 207 F.3d 773, 775 (5th Cir. 2000), the Fifth Circuit declined to decide whether proof of factual innocence would toll the limitations period under any circumstances.

Summary of this case from United States v. Benavides

refusing to toll statute of limitations on petitioner's actual innocence claim where "nothing prevented him from filing a petition before the limitations period expired"

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addressing the limitations period for 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petitions

Summary of this case from Hernandez v. U.S.

In Molo, the Fifth Circuit declined to decide whether proof of factual innocence would toll the limitations period, finding instead that the petitioner had not shown that he was factually innocent.

Summary of this case from Alexander v. Johnson

In Molo v. Johnson, 2000 WL 320519 (5th Cir. 2000), the Fifth Circuit. addressed petitioner's argument to the effect that ineffective assistance of counsel constituted exceptional circumstances.

Summary of this case from U.S. v. Samak
Case details for

Molo v. Johnson

Case Details

Full title:ORIN LEE MOLO, Petitioner-Appellant, v. GARY L. JOHNSON, DIRECTOR, TEXAS…

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit

Date published: Mar 28, 2000

Citations

207 F.3d 773 (5th Cir. 2000)

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