T-Mobile USA, Inc.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Apr 29, 2016

363 NLRB No. 171 (N.L.R.B. 2016)

363 NLRB No. 171
NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the
bound volumes of NLRB decisions. Readers are requested to notify the Ex-
ecutive Secretary, National Labor Relations Board, Washington, D.C.
20570, of any typographical or other formal errors so that corrections can
be included in the bound volumes.
T-Mobile USA, Inc. and Communications Workers of
America and Communications Workers of
America Local 7011, AFL–CIO.
MetroPCS Communications, Inc. and Communica-
tions Workers of America. Cases 02–CA–
115949, 10–CA–128492, 14–CA–106906, 28–CA–
106758, 28–CA–117479, 28–CA–128653, and 28–
CA–129125
April 29, 2016
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN PEARCE AND MEMBERS HIROZAWA
AND MCFERRAN
On March 18, 2015, Administrative Law Judge Chris-
tine E. Dibble issued the attached decision. The General
Counsel filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the
Respondent1 filed an answering brief. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief, the General
Counsel filed an answering brief, and the Respondent
filed a reply brief. The Charging Party filed a brief in
support of the General Counsel’s exceptions and an op-
position to the Respondent’s exceptions.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions2 and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings, and conclusions only
to the extent consistent with this Decision and Order.3

1 In the absence of exceptions, we adhere to the judge’s practice of
collectively referring to T-Mobile USA, Inc. (T-Mobile) and MetroPCS
Communications, Inc. (MetroPCS) as the Respondent, to the extent that
some of the consolidated complaint allegations involve rules and poli-
cies maintained by both entities.
2 As noted above, the Charging Party filed an opposition to the Re-
spondent’s exceptions. The Respondent’s reply brief to the General
Counsel’s answering brief states that the Charging Party subsequently
indicated to the Respondent that it did not wish to rely on this brief.
The Charging Party made no such representation to the Board, and the
Respondent did not expressly move to strike the brief. In any event, we
would reach the same result here even if we had not considered the
Charging Party’s brief.
3 We shall amend the judge’s conclusions of law consistent with our
findings herein. We shall also modify the judge’s recommended Order
to conform to the Board’s standard remedial language for the violations
found, to provide separate Orders for T-Mobile and MetroPCS, and to
substitute reference to Region 14 as the regional office responsible for
compliance oversight. Finally, we shall substitute new notices to con-
form to the Orders as modified. Notices shall be posted by the Re-
spondent at all of the locations where the unlawful rules and policies
have been or are in effect. Guardsmark, LLC, 344 NLRB 809, 812
(2005) (“where an employer’s overbroad rule is maintained as a com-
The consolidated complaint alleges that numerous
provisions in written work rules and policies applicable
to the Respondent’s employees are unlawful.4 An em-
ployer violates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act if it maintains
workplace rules that would reasonably tend to chill em-
ployees in the exercise of their Section 7 rights. See
Lafayette Park Hotel, 326 NLRB 824, 825 (1998), enfd.
203 F.3d 52 (D.C. Cir. 1999). The analytical framework
for assessing whether maintenance of rules violates the
Act is set forth in Lutheran Heritage Village-Livonia,
343 NLRB 646 (2004). Under Lutheran Heritage, a
work rule is unlawful if “the rule explicitly restricts activ-
ities protected by Section 7.” Id. at 646 (emphasis in
original). If the work rule does not explicitly restrict
protected activities, it nonetheless will violate Section
8(a)(1) if “(1) employees would reasonably construe the
language to prohibit Section 7 activity; (2) the rule was
promulgated in response to union activity; or (3) the rule
has been applied to restrict the exercise of Section 7
rights.” Id. at 647.
The rules at issue before us are not alleged to explicitly
restrict protected activities or to have been promulgated
in response to or applied to restrict Section 7 activities.5

panywide policy, we will generally order the employer to post an ap-
propriate notice at all of its facilities where the unlawful policy has
been or is in effect”), enfd. in part 475 F.3d 369 (D.C. Cir. 2007).
4 The rules and policies are set forth in the Respondent’s 2012 and
2014 employee handbooks, Acceptable Use Policy for Information and
Communication Resources, Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality
agreement, and Code of Business Conduct. Consistent with the com-
plaint’s allegations, the judge’s conclusions of law state that the Re-
spondent violated the Act both by promulgating and by maintaining
certain rules. With respect to the allegation of unlawful promulgation,
we note that the term promulgation refers to the Respondent’s enact-
ment of the rules at issue and that, as noted above, there is no argument
or evidence that any of the rules were promulgated in response to union
or other protected concerted activity. Further, because the record indi-
cates that the Acceptable Use Policy was not promulgated within the
10(b) period, we shall amend the judge’s conclusions of law and rec-
ommended Order to reflect that, with respect to these rules, only their
maintenance was unlawful.
5 The Respondent does not except to the judge’s findings that it vio-
lated Sec. 8(a)(1) by maintaining a provision in the employee handbook
stating that the handbook is a confidential and proprietary document
that must not be disclosed to or used by any third party without the
Respondent’s written consent; maintaining a rule that requires employ-
ees to maintain the confidentiality of the names of employees involved
in internal investigations as complainants, subjects, or witnesses; prom-
ulgating and maintaining a rule that requires employees who feel they
have not been paid all wages or pay owed to them, believe that an im-
proper deduction was made from their salary, or feel they have been
required to miss meal or rest periods to contact a manager, an HR busi-
ness partner, or the integrity line; promulgating and maintaining a rule
that requires employees to refer all media inquiries to the Respondent
without comment; maintaining a rule that prohibits employees from
using its information or communications resources in ways that could
be considered disruptive, offensive, or harmful to morale; maintaining a
rule that prohibits employees from using its information or communica-
2 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Thus, the relevant inquiry is whether employees would
reasonably construe the challenged rules to prohibit Sec-
tion 7 activity. In construing rules, Lutheran Heritage
teaches that they are to be given a reasonable reading,
and are not to be considered in isolation. Id. at 646. Fur-
ther, any ambiguity in the rule must be construed against
the drafter—here, the Respondent. Lafayette Park,
above at 825.
Applying this legal standard to the four issues present-
ed by the parties’ exceptions, we agree with the judge,
for the reasons she states, that the Respondent violated
Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by maintaining language in
section 4.4 of its Acceptable Use Policy prohibiting em-
ployees from permitting “non-approved individuals ac-
cess to information or information resources, or any in-
formation transmitted by, received from, printed from, or
stored in these resources” without prior written approval,

tions resources to advocate, disparage, or solicit for political causes or
noncompany-related outside organizations; maintaining a rule that
requires employees to sign a restrictive covenant and confidentiality
agreement that classifies employee wage and salary information as
confidential and proprietary information not subject to disclosure;
maintaining a rule that prohibits employees from disclosing employee
information that is defined to include employee addresses, telephone
numbers, and contact information and prohibits employees from ac-
cessing such information without a business need to do so and without
the Respondent’s prior authorization or the consent of employees;
maintaining a rule that prohibits employees from disclosing employee
information, such as employee addresses and other contact information,
except in the proper performance of their duties, and suggests that
employees may be disciplined or subject to legal action for violating
the rule; maintaining a rule that prohibits employees from making
detrimental comments about the Respondent or its customers, products,
services, or employees; and maintaining a rule that requires employees
to sign an employee acknowledgement form that requires employees to
comply with unlawful work rules and to report employees who do not
comply with rules and policies that have been found to be unlawful.
In deciding the issues before us, we do not rely on the judge’s cita-
tions to Costco Wholesale Corp., 358 NLRB 1100 (2012), and the
administrative law judge’s decision in Interbake Foods, LLC, Case No.
05–CA–033158, 2013 WL 4715677 (Aug. 30, 2013), aff’d in the ab-
sence of exceptions 2013 WL 5872060 (2013) (not selected for Board
volumes). The judge also cited Flex Frac Logistics, LLC, 358 NLRB
1131 (2012), a case decided by a panel that included two persons
whose appointments to the Board were not valid. See NLRB v. Noel
Canning, 134 S.Ct. 2550 (2014). We find the judge’s reliance on Flex
Frac appropriate, however, because the panel’s decision was enforced
by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit prior to the
issuance of Noel Canning. 746 F.3d 205 (5th Cir. 2014). See UPMC,
362 NLRB No. 191 fn. 5 (2015). The judge cited three other cases that
issued when the Board lacked a valid quorum. The Board has subse-
quently reaffirmed two of those decisions. See Sheraton Anchorage,
359 NLRB No. 95 (2013), reaffirmed and incorporated by reference at
362 NLRB No. 123 (2015), and Bettie Page Clothing, 359 NLRB No.
96 (2013), reaffirmed and incorporated by reference at 361 NLRB No.
79 (2014). As to the third case, Banner Estrella Medical Center, we do
not rely on the decision reported at 358 NLRB 809 (2012), cited by the
judge. Instead, we rely on the Board’s subsequent decision in the case,
reported at 362 NLRB No. 137 (2015).
and by maintaining a “Commitment to Integrity” provi-
sion in its Code of Business Conduct that prohibits “ar-
guing . . . with co-workers, subordinates or supervisors;
failing to treat others with respect; or failing to demon-
strate appropriate teamwork.”6
Contrary to the judge, however, we find that the Re-
spondent also violated Section 8(a)(1) by promulgating
and maintaining rules in its employee handbook requir-
ing employees “to maintain a positive work environment
by communicating in a manner that is conducive to ef-
fective working relationships” and prohibiting employees
from making recordings in the workplace.
1. Since at least January 16, 2014, the Respondent
promulgated and has maintained a provision in its em-
ployee handbook entitled “Workplace Conduct” that
provides in pertinent part:
[The Respondent] expects all employees to behave in a
professional manner that promotes efficiency, produc-
tivity, and cooperation. Employees are expected to
maintain a positive work environment by communi-
cating in a manner that is conducive to effective work-
ing relationships with internal and external customers,
clients, co-workers, and management.
The General Counsel contended that the undefined
phrases “positive work environment” and “communi-
cating in a manner that is conducive to effective working
relationships” are ambiguous and vague, and would rea-
sonably chill employees in the exercise of Section 7
rights. The judge disagreed and recommended dismissal
of the allegation. We reverse. We find that employees
would reasonably construe the rule to restrict potentially
controversial or contentious communications and discus-
sions, including those protected by Section 7 of the Act,
out of fear that the Respondent would deem them to be
inconsistent with a “positive work environment.”
In recommending dismissal, the judge relied on deci-
sions in which the Board found that employers lawfully
maintained rules directed at unprotected conduct that
employees would have understood to lack the Act’s pro-
tection. See, e.g., Copper River of Boiling Springs, LLC,

6 In addition to finding section 4.4 of the Acceptable Use Policy un-
lawful under Purple Communications, 361 NLRB No. 126 (2014), we
find the rule overbroad insofar as it would reasonably be read by em-
ployees to bar them from disclosing their own salary or disciplinary
information in print form.
We note that at one point in her analysis of the “Commitment to In-
tegrity” provision, the judge mistakenly stated that employees could
reasonably view certain language as restricting their Sec. 7 activity.
However, it is obvious from the entirety of her analysis for this and all
other rules that she applied the correct Lutheran prong one requirement
of proof that employees would reasonably view the language as unlaw-
fully restrictive.
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 3
360 NLRB No. 60, slip op. at 1 (2014) (upholding rule
prohibiting “insubordination to a manager or lack of re-
spect and cooperation with fellow employees or guests,”
including “displaying a negative attitude that is disrup-
tive to other staff or has a negative impact on guests”)
(emphasis added)7; Lafayette Park, above at 827; Lu-
theran Heritage, above at 647–648.
In contrast to those cases, the rule at issue here more
broadly restricts employee communications and is not
limited to conduct that would objectively be viewed as
unprotected. Rather, we find that employees would rea-
sonably understand the rule’s requirement that they
communicate “in a manner that is conducive to effective
working relationships” with coworkers and management
as prohibiting disagreements or conflicts, including pro-
tected discussions, that the Respondent subjectively
deems to not be conducive to “a positive work environ-
ment.” See, e.g., Hills & Dales General Hospital, 360
NLRB No. 70, slip op. at 2 (2014), appeal dismissed,
2015 WL 3372275 (D.C. Cir. 2015) (finding rule requir-
ing employees to represent the hospital “in the communi-
ty in a positive and professional manner” just as over-
broad and ambiguous as unlawful proscriptions of nega-
tive comments or attitude); cf. Claremont Resort & Spa,
344 NLRB 832, 832 (2005) (finding rule prohibiting
“negative conversations” about coworkers and managers
unlawful).8 Moreover, employees would read the rule in
context with other work rules, found unlawful here, pro-
hibiting employees from “arguing” and from making
“detrimental” comments about the Respondent. Because
labor disputes and union organizing efforts frequently
involve controversy, criticism of the employer, argu-
ments, and less-than-“positive” statements about terms
and conditions of employment, employees reading the
rule here would reasonably steer clear of a range of po-
tentially controversial but protected communication in
the workplace for fear of running afoul of the rule.

7 Chairman Pearce dissented from the dismissal of this allegation in
Copper River (slip op. at 1, fn. 2) and adheres to the view that employ-
ees would reasonably interpret this language as inhibiting them from
discussing controversial topics, including terms and conditions of em-
ployment. However, he agrees that the challenged Workplace Conduct
language even more broadly restricts employee communications.
Member Hirozawa did not participate in Copper River and expresses no
view as to whether it was correctly decided.
8 See also First Transit, Inc., 360 NLRB No. 72, slip op. at 3 (2014)
(finding employees, faced with patent ambiguity of phrase “inappropri-
ate attitude or behavior . . . to other employees,” would reasonably
construe rule as limiting their communications concerning employ-
ment); 2 Sisters Food Group, 357 NLRB 1816, 1817 (2011) (finding
requirement that employees “work harmoniously” “sufficiently impre-
cise” that it could reasonably prohibit “any disagreement or conflict
among employees,” including protected discussions). The rule at issue
here is similarly ambiguous and imprecise in that its scope is dependent
on the subjective views of the Respondent.
The Respondent contends that, because the rule sets
out the business-related objectives of “efficiency,
productivity and cooperation,” employees would reason-
ably understand that the rule is not intended to restrict
Section 7 activity. We disagree. Those terms refer to the
expectation that employees behave in a professional
manner as set forth in the first sentence of the provision,
which is not alleged to be unlawful. They do not provide
employees with a basis for determining what communi-
cations would fail to contribute to “effective working
relationships” or “maintain a positive work environ-
ment.” Nor do those words shed light on how the Re-
spondent would enforce the provision in the context of
Section 7-protected discussions that the Respondent
views as undermining a positive work environment. As
explained in Whole Foods Market, 363 NLRB No. 87,
slip op. at 4 fn. 11 (2015), “[w]here reasonable employ-
ees are uncertain as to whether a rule restricts activity
protected under the Act, that rule can have a chilling ef-
fect on employees’ willingness to engage in protected
activity. Employees, who are dependent on the employer
for their livelihood, would reasonably take a cautious
approach and refrain from engaging in Sec. 7 activity for
fear of running afoul of a rule whose coverage is un-
clear.” Accordingly, we find that employees would like-
ly refrain from protected communications due to a rea-
sonable concern that their statements or actions could be
viewed as running afoul of the rule.
Accordingly, we reverse the judge and find that the
Respondent’s promulgation and maintenance of the
above provision violates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
2. Also since at least January 16, 2014, the Respond-
ent promulgated and has maintained the following hand-
book rule prohibiting employees from making recordings
in the workplace:
To prevent harassment, maintain individual privacy,
encourage open communication, and protect confiden-
tial information employees are prohibited from record-
ing people or confidential information using cameras,
camera phones/devices, or recording devices (audio or
video) in the workplace. Apart from customer calls
that are recorded for quality purposes, employees may
not tape or otherwise make sound recordings of work-
related or workplace discussions. Exceptions may be
granted when participating in an authorized TMUS ac-
tivity or with permission from an employee’s Manager,
HR Business Partner, or the Legal Department. If an
exception is granted, employees may not take a picture,
audiotape, or videotape others in the workplace without
the prior notification of all participants.
4 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The General Counsel alleged that the rule violates Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) because it unlawfully restricts employees
from using cameras and audio and recording devices in
the workplace to assist in, support, and get evidence of
protected concerted activity. In recommending dismis-
sal, the judge stated that the Board had not previously
found a Section 7 right to record in the workplace. The
judge also found that the Respondent had set forth valid,
nondiscriminatory rationales for the rule, including main-
taining a harassment-free work environment and protect-
ing trade secrets, and that the rule was narrowly tailored
to these interests.9 For the following reasons, we reverse
the judge and find the violation.
After the judge’s decision issued, the Board issued de-
cisions in Rio All-Suites Hotel & Casino, 362 NLRB No.
190, slip op. at 4 (2015), and Whole Foods, above, find-
ing that employer rules broadly prohibiting recording in
the workplace on employees’ own time and in nonwork
areas restricted Section 7 activity in violation of Section
8(a)(1) of the Act. As the Board explained in those deci-
sions, photography and audio or video recording in the
workplace, as well as the posting of photographs and
recordings on social media, may be protected by Section
7 if employees are acting in concert for their mutual aid
and protection and no overriding employer interest is
present. Whole Foods, above, slip op. at 3, citing Rio
All-Suites, above, slip op. at 4. Such protected conduct
may include, for example, recording images of protected
picketing, documenting unsafe workplace equipment or
hazardous working conditions, documenting and publi-
cizing discussions about terms and conditions of em-
ployment, documenting inconsistent application of em-
ployer rules, or recording evidence to preserve it for later
use in administrative or judicial forums in employment-
related actions. Id.10
The rule at issue here bans employees from recording
“people or confidential information using cameras, cam-
era phones/devices, or recording devices (audio or video)
in the workplace” and, except for calls that the Respond-
ent records for quality purposes, prohibits employees
from making “sound recordings of work-related or
workplace discussions.” The rule does not differentiate
between recordings that are protected by Section 7 and
those that are not, and includes in its prohibition record-
ings made during nonwork time and in nonwork areas.

9 As the judge noted, the rules at issue in the South Carolina and Al-
buquerque complaints, which were consolidated for this proceeding,
contain nearly identical language. The distinctions are not material for
the purposes of this decision.
10 “[O]ur case law is replete with examples where photography or
recording was an essential element in vindicating [an employee’s]
underlying Sec. 7 right.” Whole Foods, above, slip op. at 3 fn. 8 (col-
lecting cases).
The Respondent does not deny that the rule prohibits all
recording and makes no exception for protected concert-
ed activity. Accordingly, because of the rule’s broad
language, employees would reasonably read the rule to
prohibit recording that would be protected by Section 7
of the Act. Rio All-Suites, above, slip op. at 5 (finding
broad prohibition on workplace recording unlawful be-
cause employees “would reasonably interpret these rules
to infringe on their protected concerted activity”); ac-
cord: Whole Foods, above, slip op. at 3.11
The Respondent contends that the recording restriction
is justified by its general interest in maintaining employ-
ee privacy, protecting confidential information, and pro-
moting open communication. That the Respondent’s
proffered intent is not aimed at restricting Section 7 ac-
tivity does not cure the rule’s overbreadth, as neither the
rule nor the proffered justifications are narrowly tailored
to protect legitimate employer interests or to reasonably
exclude Section 7 activity from the reach of the prohibi-
tion. As for protecting “confidential information,” the
Respondent has not excepted to the judge’s findings that
it unlawfully maintained other rules classifying employee
information, including employee contact information and
wage and salary information, as confidential. The Re-
spondent also asserts that its recording prohibition is in
place to prevent harassment and notes that, under federal
and state laws, employers have an affirmative obligation
to prevent harassing conduct. But the recording prohibi-
tion is not narrowly tailored to this interest; it neither
cites laws regarding workplace harassment nor specifies
that the restriction is limited to recordings that could
constitute unlawful harassment.12 Thus, the Respond-
ent’s proffered rationales cannot justify the rule’s broad
restriction that employees would reasonably read as pro-
hibiting activity protected by Section 7. See Whole
Foods, above, slip op. at 4 (finding employer’s interests
in preserving employee privacy, protecting confidential
information, and encouraging open communication in-

11 In addition, the Respondent’s maintenance of the rule unlawfully
requires employees to obtain the Respondent’s permission before en-
gaging in recording activity on nonwork time. The Board has stated
that any rule that requires employees to obtain an employer’s permis-
sion before engaging in protected concerted activity on an employee’s
free time and in nonwork areas is unlawful. Brunswick Corp., 282
NLRB 794, 795 (1987); Whole Foods, above, slip op. at 4 fn. 10.
12 The Respondent also argues that nonconsensual recording is un-
lawful in many of the states in which it operates. The Respondent’s
rule, however, is not limited to these states. Moreover, the rule does
not refer to these laws or indicate that the restriction is limited to re-
cordings that do not comply with state laws. See Whole Foods, above,
slip op. at 4 fn. 13.
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 5
sufficient to justify broad and unqualified prohibition on
recording).13
Accordingly, we find that employees would reasonably
construe the rule to restrict activity protected by Section
7 of the Act, and that the Respondent’s promulgation and
maintenance of the rule violates Section 8(a)(1) of the
Act as alleged.
AMENDED CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Substitute the following as Conclusion of Law 5(e):
“(e) Maintaining an Acceptable Use Policy with am-
biguous language that prohibits the use of the Respond-
ent’s information or communications resources in ways
that could be considered disruptive, offensive, or harmful
to morale, and prohibits use that advocates, disparages,
or solicits for political causes, or non-company-related
outside organizations, and maintaining as part of the Ac-
ceptable Use Policy a prohibition against permitting non-
approved individuals to access information or infor-
mation resources, or any information transmitted by,
received from, printed from, or stored in these resources,
without the Respondent’s prior written approval.”
2. Insert the following as Conclusions of Law 5(k) and
(l):
“(k) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Stand-
ards of Conduct-Workplace Conduct section of its em-
ployee handbook that requires employees to maintain a
positive work environment by communicating in a man-
ner that is conducive to effective working relationships
with internal and external customers, clients, co-workers,
and management.
(l) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Work-
place Expectations-Recording in the Workplace-Audio,
Video, and Photography section of its employee hand-
book that prohibits employees from recording using
camera, camera phones/devices, or recording devices
(audio or video) in the workplace without authorization
from a manager, the human resources department, or the
legal department.”
3. Delete Paragraph 8 of the judge’s Conclusions of
Law.

13 In contrast, in Flagstaff Medical Center, 357 NLRB 659, 662–663
(2011), enfd. in relevant part 715 F.3d 928 (D.C. Cir. 2013), the Board
found restrictions on workplace recording to be lawful because the
restrictions reasonably conveyed that they concerned the hospital’s
obligation to protect patient privacy interests and prevent wrongful
disclosure of individually identifiable health information. No such
concerns are present here. Chairman Pearce adheres to his dissent in
Flagstaff (see Whole Foods, above, slip op. at 5 fn. 15), but he agrees it
is distinguishable from the present rule.
ORDER
A. The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, T-Mobile USA, Inc., Bellevue, Washington,
its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Maintaining a provision in the Introduction-
Employee Handbook Purpose section of its employee
handbook stating that the handbook is a confidential and
proprietary document that must not be disclosed to or
used by any third party without the Respondent’s written
consent.
(b) Maintaining a rule in the Business Practices-
Internal Investigations section of its employee handbook
that requires employees to maintain the confidentiality of
the names of employees involved in internal investiga-
tions as complainants, subjects, or witnesses.
(c) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Payroll-
Wage and Hour Complaint Procedure section of its em-
ployee handbook that requires employees who feel they
have not been paid all wages or pay owed to them, be-
lieve that an improper deduction was made from their
salary, or feel they have been required to miss meal or
rest periods to contact a manager, an HR business part-
ner, or the integrity line.
(d) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Work-
place Expectations-Communications with the Media sec-
tion of its employee handbook that requires employees to
refer all media inquiries to the Respondent without
comment.
(e) Maintaining a rule in its Acceptable Use Policy that
prohibits employees from using its information or com-
munications resources in ways that could be considered
disruptive, offensive, or harmful to morale.
(f) Maintaining a rule in its Acceptable Use Policy that
prohibits employees from using its information or com-
munications resources to advocate, disparage, or solicit
for political causes or non-company-related outside or-
ganizations.
(g) Maintaining a rule in its Acceptable Use Policy that
prohibits employees from allowing nonapproved indi-
viduals access to information or information resources,
or any information transmitted by, received from, printed
from, or stored in these resources, without the Respond-
ent’s prior written approval.
(h) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign
a Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality agreement
that classifies employee wage and salary information as
confidential and proprietary information not subject to
disclosure.
(i) Maintaining a rule in the Confidentiality and Infor-
mation Security section of its Code of Business Conduct
that prohibits employees from disclosing employee in-
6 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
formation that is defined to include employee addresses,
telephone numbers, and contact information and prohib-
its employees from accessing such information without a
business need to do so and without the Respondent’s
prior authorization or the consent of employees.
(j) Maintaining a rule in the Protecting Customer In-
formation-Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information
section of its Code of Business Conduct that prohibits
employees from disclosing employee information, such
as employee addresses and other contact information,
except in the proper performance of their duties, and
suggests that employees may be disciplined or subject to
legal action for violating the rule.
(k) Maintaining a rule in the Conducting Business-
Commitment to Integrity section of its Code of Business
Conduct that prohibits employees from making detri-
mental comments about the Respondent or its customers,
products, services, or employees.
(l) Maintaining a rule in the Conducting Business-
Commitment to Integrity section of its Code of Business
Conduct that prohibits employees from arguing with co-
workers, subordinates, or supervisors; failing to treat
others with respect; or failing to demonstrate appropriate
teamwork.
(m) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Stand-
ards of Conduct-Workplace Conduct section of its em-
ployee handbook that requires employees to maintain a
positive work environment by communicating in a man-
ner that is conducive to effective working relationships
with internal and external customers, clients, co-workers,
and management.
(n) Promulgating and maintaining a rule in the Work-
place Expectations-Recording in the Workplace-Audio,
Video, and Photography section of its employee hand-
book that prohibits employees from recording using
camera, camera phones/devices, or recording devices
(audio or video) in the workplace without authorization
from a manager, the human resources department, or the
legal department.
(o) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign
an Employee Acknowledgement Form that requires em-
ployees to comply with unlawful work rules and to report
employees who do not comply with rules and policies
that have been found to be unlawful.
(p) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed to them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days of the Board’s Order, rescind or re-
vise the provisions and rules set forth in paragraphs 1(a)
through (o) of our Order, above.
(b) Furnish all current employees with inserts for the
current employee handbook, Code of Business Conduct,
and Acceptable Use Policy that (1) advise that the unlaw-
ful rules have been rescinded, or (2) provide the language
of lawful rules or publish and distribute a revised em-
ployee handbook, Code of Business Conduct, and Ac-
ceptable Use Policy that (a) do not contain the unlawful
rules or (b) provide the language of lawful rules.
(c) Furnish all current or former employees who were
required to sign or otherwise become bound to the Re-
strictive Covenant and Confidentiality agreement with
written notice that the unlawful provision in the agree-
ment has been rescinded, or with revised agreements that
do not contain the unlawful provision or that provide a
lawfully worded provision.
(d) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
all of its T-Mobile USA, Inc. facilities where the unlaw-
ful rules and policies have been or are in effect copies of
the attached notice marked “Appendix A.”14 Copies of
the notice, on forms provided by the Regional Director
for Region 14, after being signed by the Respondent’s
authorized representative, shall be posted by the Re-
spondent and maintained for 60 consecutive days in con-
spicuous places, including all places where notices to
employees are customarily posted. In addition to physi-
cal posting of paper notices, notices shall be distributed
electronically, such as by email, posting on an intranet or
an internet site, or other electronic means, if the Re-
spondent customarily communicates with their employ-
ees by such means. Reasonable steps shall be taken by
the Respondent to ensure that the notices are not altered,
defaced, or covered by any other material. If the Re-
spondent has gone out of business or closed the facilities
involved in these proceedings, the Respondent shall du-
plicate and mail, at their own expense, a copy of the no-
tice marked “Appendix A” to all current employees and
former employees employed by the Respondent at any
time since December 7, 2012.
(e) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director for Region 14 a sworn certifi-
cation of a responsible official on a form provided by the
Region attesting to the steps that the Respondent has
taken to comply.
B. The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, MetroPCS Communications, Inc., its offic-
ers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from

14 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notices reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 7
(a) Maintaining a rule in the Business Practices-
Internal Investigations section of its employee handbook
that requires employees to maintain the confidentiality of
the names of employees involved in internal investiga-
tions as complainants, subjects, or witnesses.
(b) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign
a Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality agreement
that classifies employee wage and salary information as
confidential and proprietary information not subject to
disclosure.
(c) Maintaining a rule in the Confidentiality and In-
formation Security section of its Code of Business Con-
duct that prohibits employees from disclosing employee
information that is defined to include employee address-
es, telephone numbers, and contact information and pro-
hibits employees from accessing such information with-
out a business need to do so and without the Respond-
ent’s prior authorization or the consent of employees.
(d) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign
an Employee Acknowledgement Form that requires em-
ployees to comply with unlawful work rules and to report
employees who do not comply with rules and policies
that have been found to be unlawful.
(e) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed to them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days of the Board’s Order, rescind or re-
vise the provisions and rules set forth in paragraphs 1(a)
through (d) of our Order, above.
(b) Furnish all current employees with inserts for the
current employee handbook and Code of Business Con-
duct that (1) advise that the unlawful rules have been
rescinded, or (2) provide the language of lawful rules or
publish and distribute a revised employee handbook and
Code of Business Conduct that (a) do not contain the
unlawful rules or (b) provide the language of lawful
rules.
(c) Furnish all current or former employees who were
required to sign or otherwise become bound to the Re-
strictive Covenant and Confidentiality agreement with
written notice that the unlawful provision in the agree-
ment has been rescinded, or with revised agreements that
do not contain the unlawful provision or that provide a
lawfully worded provision.
(d) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
all of its MetroPCS Communications, Inc. facilities
where the unlawful rules and policies have been or are in
effect copies of the attached notice marked “Appendix
B.”15 Copies of the notice, on forms provided by the
Regional Director for Region 14, after being signed by
the Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be
posted by the Respondent and maintained for 60 consec-
utive days in conspicuous places, including all places
where notices to employees are customarily posted. In
addition to physical posting of paper notices, notices
shall be distributed electronically, such as by email, post-
ing on an intranet or an internet site, or other electronic
means, if the Respondent customarily communicates
with their employees by such means. Reasonable steps
shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the notic-
es are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other mate-
rial. If the Respondent has gone out of business or
closed the facilities involved in these proceedings, the
Respondent shall duplicate and mail, at their own ex-
pense, a copy of the notice marked “Appendix B” to all
current employees and former employees employed by
the Respondent at any time since May 1, 2013.
(e) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director for Region 14 a sworn certifi-
cation of a responsible official on a form provided by the
Region attesting to the steps that the Respondent has
taken to comply.
Dated, Washington, D.C. April 29, 2016
______________________________________
Mark Gaston Pearce, Chairman
______________________________________
Kent Y. Hirozawa, Member
______________________________________
Lauren McFerran, Member
(SEAL) NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
APPENDIX A
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

15 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notices reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
8 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we
violated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and
obey this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.
WE WILL NOT maintain a provision in the Introduction-
Employee Handbook Purpose section of our employee
handbook stating that the handbook is a confidential and
proprietary document that must not be disclosed to or
used by any third party without our written consent.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Business Practic-
es-Internal Investigations section of our employee hand-
book that requires you to maintain the confidentiality of
the names of employees involved in internal investiga-
tions as complainants, subjects, or witnesses.
WE WILL NOT promulgate or maintain a rule in the
Payroll-Wage and Hour Complaint Procedure section of
our employee handbook that requires you, if you feel you
have not been paid all wages or pay owed to you, believe
that an improper deduction was made from your salary,
or feel you have been required to miss meal or rest peri-
ods, to contact a manager, an HR business partner, or the
integrity line.
WE WILL NOT promulgate or maintain a rule in the
Workplace Expectations-Communications with the Me-
dia section of our employee handbook that requires you
to refer all media inquiries to the Respondent without
comment.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in our Acceptable Use
Policy that prohibits you from using our information or
communications resources in ways that could be consid-
ered disruptive, offensive, or harmful to morale.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in our Acceptable Use
Policy that prohibits you from using our information or
communications resources to advocate, disparage, or
solicit for political causes or noncompany-related outside
organizations.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in our Acceptable Use
Policy that prohibits you from allowing nonapproved
individuals access to information or information re-
sources, or any information transmitted by, received
from, printed from, or stored in these resources, without
our prior written approval.
WE WILL NOT require you to sign a Restrictive Cove-
nant and Confidentiality agreement that classifies em-
ployee wage and salary information as confidential and
proprietary information not subject to disclosure.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Confidentiality
and Information Security section of our Code of Business
Conduct that prohibits you from disclosing employee
information that is defined to include employee address-
es, telephone numbers, and contact information and pro-
hibits you from accessing such information without a
business need to do so and without our prior authoriza-
tion or the consent of employees.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Protecting Cus-
tomer Information-Confidentiality of Each Other’s In-
formation section of our Code of Business Conduct that
prohibits you from disclosing employee information,
such as employee addresses and other contact infor-
mation, except in the proper performance of your duties,
and suggests that you may be disciplined or subject to
legal action for violating the rule.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Conducting Busi-
ness-Commitment to Integrity section of our Code of
Business Conduct that prohibits you from making detri-
mental comments about us or our customers, products,
services, or employees.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Conducting Busi-
ness-Commitment to Integrity section of our Code of
Business Conduct that prohibits you from arguing with
co-workers, subordinates, or supervisors; failing to treat
others with respect; or failing to demonstrate appropriate
teamwork.
WE WILL NOT promulgate or maintain a rule in the
Standards of Conduct-Workplace Conduct section of our
employee handbook that requires you to maintain a posi-
tive work environment by communicating in a manner
that is conducive to effective working relationships with
internal and external customers, clients, coworkers, and
management.
WE WILL NOT promulgate or maintain a rule in the
Workplace Expectations-Recording in the Workplace-
Audio, Video, and Photography section of our employee
handbook that prohibits you from recording using cam-
era, camera phones/devices, or recording devices (audio
or video) in the workplace without authorization from a
manager, the human resources department, or the legal
department.
WE WILL NOT require you to sign an Employee
Acknowledgement Form that requires you to comply
with unlawful work rules and to report employees who
do not comply with rules and policies that have been
found to be unlawful.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
listed above.
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 9
WE WILL rescind or revise the unlawful provisions and
rules described above.
WE WILL furnish you with inserts for our current em-
ployee handbook, Code of Business Conduct, and Ac-
ceptable Use Policy that (1) advise that the unlawful
rules have been rescinded, or (2) provide the language of
lawful rules or publish and distribute a revised employee
handbook, Code of Business Conduct, and Acceptable
Use Policy that (a) do not contain the unlawful rules or
(b) provide the language of lawful rules.
WE WILL furnish all current and former employees
who were required to sign or otherwise become bound to
the Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality Agreement
with written notice that the unlawful provision in the
agreement has been rescinded, or with revised agree-
ments that do not contain the unlawful provision or that
provide a lawfully worded provision.
T-MOBILE USA, INC.
The Board’s decision can be found at
www.nlrb.gov/case/14–CA–106906 or by using the QR
code below. Alternatively, you can obtain a copy of the
decision from the Executive Secretary, National Labor
Relations Board, 1015 Half Street, S.E., Washington,
D.C. 20570, or by calling (202) 273–1940.
APPENDIX B
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we
violated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and
obey this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on
your behalf
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Business Practic-
es-Internal Investigations section of our employee hand-
book that requires you to maintain the confidentiality of
the names of employees involved in internal investiga-
tions as complainants, subjects, or witnesses.
WE WILL NOT require you to sign a Restrictive Cove-
nant and Confidentiality agreement that classifies em-
ployee wage and salary information as confidential and
proprietary information not subject to disclosure.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in the Confidentiality
and Information Security section of our Code of Business
Conduct that prohibits you from disclosing employee
information that is defined to include employee address-
es, telephone numbers, and contact information and pro-
hibits you from accessing such information without a
business need to do so and without our prior authoriza-
tion or the consent of employees.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule that requires you to sign
an Employee Acknowledgement Form that requires you
to comply with unlawful rules and to report employees
who do not comply with rules found to be unlawful.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with, restrain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
listed above.
WE WILL rescind or revise the unlawful provisions and
rules described above.
WE WILL furnish you with inserts for our current em-
ployee handbook and Code of Business Conduct that (1)
advise that the unlawful rules have been rescinded, or (2)
provide the language of lawful rules or publish and dis-
tribute a revised employee handbook and Code of Busi-
ness Conduct that (a) do not contain the unlawful rules or
(b) provide the language of lawful rules.
WE WILL furnish all current and former employees
who were required to sign or otherwise become bound to
the Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality Agreement
with written notice that the unlawful provision in the
agreement has been rescinded, or with revised agree-
ments that do not contain the unlawful provision or that
provide a lawfully worded provision.
METROPCS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
The Board’s decision can be found at
www.nlrb.gov/case/14–CA–106906 or by using the QR
code below. Alternatively, you can obtain a copy of the
decision from the Executive Secretary, National Labor
Relations Board, 1015 Half Street, S.E., Washington,
D.C. 20570, or by calling (202) 273–1940.
10 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Olurotimi Solanke, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Mark Theodore, Esq., and Irina Constantin, Esq., for the Re-
spondent.
Stanley M. Gosch, Esq., for the Charging Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
CHRISTINE E. DIBBLE, Administrative Law Judge. This case
is before me on a stipulated record. The complaints allege that
T-Mobile USA, Inc. (T-Mobile) and MetroPCS Communica-
tions, Inc (MetroPCS)1 violated Section 8(a)(1) of the National
Labor Relations Act (the NLRA or the Act) by promulgating
and, or maintaining certain work rules and policies in its em-
ployee handbook, a Restrictive and Confidentiality agreement,
Code of Business Conduct, and Employee Acknowledgment
forms. The General Counsel alleges that specific language in
the following sections is overly broad and/or discriminatory
and therefore interferes with employees Section 7 rights. The
language at issue is contained in the following documents and
sections:
(1) T-Mobile’s employee handbook (handbook) entitled
“Employee Handbook Purpose.”2 (Albuquerque complaint
5(a)). 3
(2) The section entitled “Confidentiality” of the Respondent’s
Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality Agreement. (Albu-
querque complaint 5(d)).
(3) The “Confidentiality and Information Security” section of
the Respondent’s Code of Business Conduct. (Albuquerque
complaint 5(e))
(4) The “Confidentiality and Information Security” section of
T-Mobile’s Code of Business Conduct. (South Carolina com-
plaint 6(D))
(5) The section entitled “Keeping Our Information Se-
cure/Confidential and Proprietary Information,” of T-
Mobile’s Code of Business Conduct. (Second Albuquerque
complaint 5(b))
(6) T-Mobile’s Code of Business Conduct section entitled
“Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information.” (Second Al-
buquerque complaint 5(a))
(7) The “Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information” section
of T-Mobile’s Code of Business Conduct. (South Carolina
complaint 6(B)
(8) The section of the handbook entitled “Business Practice –
Internal Investigation.” ((Albuquerque complaint 5(b))
(9) The “Communication with the Media,” section of T-
Mobile’s handbook. (South Carolina complaint 4(E))

1 Unless otherwise indicated, T-Mobile and MetroPCS will be re-
ferred to as “the Respondent” when discussing complaints that have
been issued against both of them.
2 The parties have stipulated to the effective dates of each section of
the documents referenced in this section. See Jt. Exh. 2 (J-2).
3 Unless otherwise indicated, the Second Consolidated Complaint in
Cases 28–CA–106758, 28–CA–117479, 14–CA–106906, and 02–CA–
115949 is referred to as the “Albuquerque Complaint”; Cases 28–CA–
128653 and 28–CA–129125 are referred to as the “Second Albuquer-
que Complaint”; and Case 10–CA–1284 is referred to as the “South
Carolina Complaint.”
(10) The “Recording in the Workplace – Audio, Video and
Photography,” section of T-Mobile’s handbook. (South Caro-
lina complaint 4(D), 6(D))
(11) The section of T-Mobile’s handbook entitled “Wage and
Hour Complaint Procedure.” (South Carolina complaint 4(C))
(12) The “Workplace Conduct” section in T-Mobile’s hand-
book. (South Carolina complaint 4(B))
(13) Section entitled “Legitimate Business Purposes” para-
graph 3.3 (3.3) of T-Mobile’s Acceptable Use Policy. (South
Carolina complaint 5(C))
(14) Section entitled “Legitimate Business Purposes” para-
graph 3.4 (3.4) of T-Mobile’s Acceptable Use Policy. (South
Carolina complaint 5(D))
(15) Section entitled “Security” paragraph 4.4 (4.4) of T-
Mobile’s Acceptable Use Policy. (South Carolina complaint
5(E))
(16) The “Commitment to Integrity” section of T-Mobile’s
Code of Business Conduct. (South Carolina complaint 6(C))
(17) The Respondent’s Employee Acknowledgement Form.
(Albuquerque complaint 5(f))
FINDINGS OF FACT
Overview of the Respondent’s Operation
The Respondent operates a telecommunications company
throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. T-Mobile, USA,
Inc. merged with MetroPCS in May 2013 to create T-Mobile
US, Inc. (TMUS). (Stipulation App., tab 5 at 6.) In addition to
providing telecommunication services to corporate and residen-
tial clients, the Respondent also operates retail stores within the
United States.
Based on the parties’ stipulations, I find as follows
I. Procedural History
1. The Albuquerque complaint was issued by the General
Counsel on March 31, 2014.4 It alleges that the written policies

4 The Albuquerque complaint consists of charges filed by Local
7011 on June 7, 2013, in Case 28–CA–106758, with a first amended
charge filed on August 30, 2013; filed by Communication Workers of
America (CWA) on June 11, 2013, in Case 14–CA–106906; filed by
Communication Workers of America, Local 7011, AFL–CIO (Local
7011) on November 21, 2013 in Case 28–CA–117479; and filed by
CWA on October 29, 2013, in Case 02–CA–115949 with second and
third amended charges filed on December 20, 2013 and January 23,
2014, respectively. Subsequently, an Order Further Consolidating
Cases, Second Consolidated Complaint and Notice of Hearing issued
on March 31, 2014, for these cases. An Order Consolidating Cases,
Consolidated Complaint and Notice of Hearing issued on July 31, 2014,
based upon a charge and first amended charge in Case 28–CA–128653
filed by the Union against T-Mobile on May 14 and 16, 2014, respec-
tively, and a charge and first amended charge in Case 28–CA–129125
filed by the Union against T-Mobile on May 22 and July 31, 2014,
respectively. On September 2, 2014, upon motion of the General
Counsel, I entered an order consolidating these cases for trial. The
Union filed a charge and first amended charge on May 13 and 22, 2014,
respectively, in Case 10–CA–128492, against T-Mobile, and a com-
plaint issued on August 29, 2014. On September 9, 2014, upon motion
of the General Counsel, I ordered Case 10–CA–128492 be consolidated
with the previously consolidated cases for trial. The Respondent filed
timely answers, denying all material allegations and setting forth its
affirmative defenses to the complaints.
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 11
set forth in paragraphs 5(a)-(b) and (d)-(g) violate Section
8(a)(1) of the Act. Paragraph 5(c) was withdrawn as part of a
non-Board settlement approved by me.
2. The Respondent timely filed an answer on April 11, 2014,
admitting that it had maintained the policies in paragraphs 5(a)-
(b) and (d)-(g) of the Albuquerque complaint but denying that
the policies violated the Act. The Respondent further admitted
that MetroPCS adopted the policies referenced in paragraphs
5(d), (e) and (f) of the Albuquerque complaint in January 2014.
3. The Second Albuquerque complaint issued by the Gen-
eral Counsel on July 31, 2014, and alleges in paragraphs 5(a)-
(b) and 7 that certain written policies are unlawfully overbroad.
4. The Respondent timely filed an answer on August 14,
2014, admitting that it had maintained the policy in paragraph
5(a) of the Second Albuquerque complaint, but denying that the
policy violated the Act. The Respondent denied that it had
maintained the policy set forth in paragraph 5(b) of the Second
Albuquerque complaint, admitted that it maintained a similar
policy but denied that the policy it maintained violated the Act.
5. The General Counsel moved to consolidate the Second
Albuquerque complaint with the Albuquerque complaint on
August 13, 2014. The Respondent filed an opposition on Au-
gust 22, 2014. The administrative law judge ordered the two
complaints consolidated on September 2, 2014.
6. On August 29, 2014, the General Counsel issued the
South Carolina complaint, which alleges, in paragraphs 4–7,
that certain written policies of the Respondent are unlawfully
overbroad.
7. The General Counsel moved to consolidate the South
Carolina complaint with the Albuquerque and Second Albu-
querque complaints on August 29, 2014. The Respondent filed
an opposition to this motion on September 4, 2014. The admin-
istrative law judge ordered the three complaints consolidated on
September 9, 2014.
8. The Respondent will file an answer to the South Carolina
complaint on September 12, 2014, admitting that it maintains
the policies in question but denying that it has violated the Act
in any manner.
9. The allegations which are subject to disposition by this
Joint Stipulation are paragraphs 5(a)-(b) and (d)-(g) and 8 (as it
pertains to par. 5) of the Albuquerque complaint, paragraphs
5(a)-(b), and 7 of the Second Albuquerque complaint and para-
graphs 4-7 of the South Carolina complaint, and each shall be
severed from the ongoing litigation and submitted directly to
the administrative law judge for disposition.
II. The Policies
1. The policies set forth in the Albuquerque, Second Albu-
querque and South Carolina complaints are alleged to violate
Section 8(a)(1) of the Act. True and correct copies of all the
policies at issue are attached to the accompanying Appendix.
2. The written policies in question were or are maintained at
all company locations in the United States of America, and
Puerto Rico.
3. The effective dates of the written policies at issue are as
follows:
a. Albuquerque complaint:
i. Paragraphs 5(a)-(b) - Employee Handbook: August
2012 through May 2013.
ii. Paragraph 5(d) - Restrictive and Confidentiality
Agreement: May 3, 2010 through August 21, 2013.
iii. Paragraph 5(e) - Code of Business Conduct: May
2013 through the present.
iv. Paragraph 5(f) - Employee Acknowledgment Form:
October 4, 2010 through the present.
v. Paragraph 5(g) - The Albuquerque Complaint states
that the policies referenced in paragraphs (b), (d), (e)
and (f) were adopted by MetroPCS on May 1, 2013. It
is Respondent’s position that only the policies refer-
enced in paragraphs 5(d), (e) and (f) were adopted by
MetroPCS, beginning January 2014.
b. Second Albuquerque complaint:
i. Paragraphs 5(a)-(b) - Code of Business Conduct:
May 2013 through the present.
c. South Carolina complaint:
i. Paragraphs 4(a)-(e) - Employee Handbook: January
16, 2014 through the present.
ii. Paragraphs 5(a)-(e) - Acceptable Use Policy for In-
formation and Communication Resources: May 18,
2011 through the present.
iii. Paragraphs 6(a)-(d) - Code of Business Conduct:
May 2013 through the present.
III. Jurisdiction
1. T-Mobile is a telecommunications company engaged in
business operations throughout the United States and Puerto
Rico.
2. In conducting its operations during the 12-month period
ending June 30, 2014, T-Mobile derived gross revenues in ex-
cess of $500,000 and performed services valued in excess of
$50,000 in States other than the State of New Mexico.
3. At all material times T-Mobile has been an employer en-
gaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6),
and (7) of the Act.
4. MetroPCS, is engaged in the sale of wireless communica-
tion devices and related services.
5. MetroPCS is a corporation affiliated with T-Mobile, with
offices and retail stores located throughout the United States,
including a retail store located at 1861 Lexington Avenue, New
York, New York.
6. MetroPCS, in conducting its business operations during
the 12-month period ending June 30, 2014, has performed ser-
vices valued in excess of $50,000 in States other than the State
of New York.
7. MetroPCS at all material times has been an employer en-
gaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6),
and (7) of the Act.
8. At all material times, the Communication Workers of
America (CWA or the Union) has been a labor organization
within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
12 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
9. Communication Workers of America, Local 7011, AFL–
CIO (Local 7011) is a local chapter of the CWA headquartered
in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
10. Local 7011 is a labor organization within the meaning of
Section 2(5) of the Act.
IV. Discussion and Analysis
A. Legal Standards
The Board has held that if a rule specifically restrains Sec-
tion 7 rights, the rule is invalid. Lutheran Heritage Village-
Livonia, 343 NLRB 646 (2004). See also Waco, Inc., 273
NLRB 746, 748 (1984) (work rule explicitly prohibits employ-
ees from discussing wages with coworkers a restriction on Sec-
tion 7 rights). Even if the rule does not restrict specific Section
7 rights, it may still be unlawful if employees would reasonably
interpret the rule to prohibit Section 7 activity. Longs Drug
Stores California, Inc., 347 NLRB 500, 500–501 (2006); Lu-
theran Heritage Village-Livonia, supra at 647. In Lutheran
Heritage Village-Livonia, 343 NLRB at 646, the Board stated,
“. . . in determining whether a challenged rule is unlawful, the
Board must . . . give the rule a reasonable reading. It must re-
frain from reading particular phrases in isolation, and it must
not presume improper interference with employee rights.” See
also Lafayette Park Hotel, 326 NLRB 824, at 828 (1998) (cit-
ing Norris/O’Bannon, 307 NLRB 1236, 1245 (1992)).
The Board has established a framework for assessing wheth-
er an employer’s confidentiality rule violates the Act. If the
rule does not explicitly restrict Section 7 activities, then the
fact-finder must analyze whether (1) employees would reason-
ably construe the language of the rule to prohibit Section 7
activity; (2) the rule was promulgated in response to union
activity; or (3) the rule has been applied “to restrict the exercise
of Section 7 rights.” Hyundai America Shipping Agency, 357
NLRB 860, 861 (2011); Flex Frac Logistics, LLC, 358 NLRB
1131, 1146 (2012), enfd. 746 F.3d 205 (5th Cir. 2014).
B. The Respondent’s Workplace Confidentiality Rules
The General Counsel alleges that the Respondent has prom-
ulgated and maintained a series of rules which require employ-
ees, in various forms, to keep confidential certain aspects of its
business interests. Further, it is charged that these rules unlaw-
fully infringe on employees’ Section 7 activities and chill em-
ployees exercise of these activities.
1. T-Mobile’s employee handbook purpose
The General Counsel charges that T-Mobile violated the Act
because a confidentiality rule in its handbook is overly broad.
The section reads in pertinent part:
This Employee Handbook is for the sole use by employees of
T-Mobile and its U.S. based affiliates and subsidiaries. This
Handbook is a confidential and proprietary Company docu-
ment, and must not be disclosed to or used by any third party
without the prior written consent of the Company.
(Stipulation App., tab 1 at 3.)
In his brief, the counsel for the General Counsel argues that the
“classification of an employee handbook containing terms and
conditions of employment as confidential and proprietary is
anathema to the Act” noting that employees have an unrestrict-
ed right to discuss their “wages and working conditions.” (GC
Br. 12.) Last, the General Counsel contends the provision is
invalid because it bars employees from disclosing the content
of the handbook or allowing it to be used by “any third party
without prior written consent of the Company.” Id. at 12. The
Respondent5 counters that read within context, “it is apparent
the provision was intended to prevent improper use of and/or
reliance upon the manual by individuals who were not consid-
ered ‘employees,’ and not to preclude discussion about its con-
tents.” (R. Br. 16.)6
Based on the factors set out in Lafayette Park Hotel, supra, I
do not find that the provision explicitly restricts Section 7 activ-
ities. There is also no substantive evidence that the rule was
created in response to union activity. Moreover, nothing estab-
lishes that the rule was applied to restrict employees’ exercise
of their Section 7 activities. Notably, there is no evidence that
any employee has been disciplined based on the rule. Notwith-
standing, I must still decide whether employees would reasona-
bly interpret the language of the rule as restricting the exercise
of their Section 7 activities.
I find that the section at issue is so broadly written that it
would chill employees in the exercise of their Section 7 rights.
The language could reasonably be understood by employees as
prohibiting them from sharing and discussing the handbook
with union representatives or governmental investigative bod-
ies. While I agree with the Respondent that employers have a
legitimate interest in safeguarding their confidential and propri-
etary information, read in context, this rule also encompasses
the disclosure and discussion of employee wages, disciplinary
actions, performance appraisals, personnel documents, and
other terms and conditions of employment. The Board has
consistently held that this type of broadly worded rule is incon-
sistent with the Act. Hyundai, supra at 871 (work rule unlawful
that prohibited “[a]ny unauthorized disclosure from any em-
ployee’s personnel file”); Battle’s Transportation, Inc., 362
NLRB No. 17 (2015) (Board held employer’s confidentiality
agreement prohibiting employees from divulging “human re-
sources related information” and “investigations by outside
agencies”).
Accordingly, I find that the Respondent violates Section
8(a)(1) of the Act because it promulgated and maintained the
employee handbook Purpose provision identified above which
is overly broad and discriminatory.
2. Confidentiality: Restrictive Covenant and
Confidentiality Agreement
The General Counsel argues that a portion of a provision in
the Respondent’s Restrictive Covenant and Confidentiality
Agreement (the RCCA) violates the Act because it is overly
broad. The section reads in pertinent part:
Confidentiality. Employee acknowledges and understands
that Employee will be given access to certain confidential, se-

5 In this section of the decision “the Respondent” refers to T-Mobile.
6 The General Counsel’s brief, the Respondent’s brief, and the Un-
ion’s/Local 7011 brief are identified as GC Br., R. Br., and CP Br.,
respectively.
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 13
cret and proprietary information and materials owned by Em-
ployer or which relate to Employer’s Business, including but
not limited to, all information not generally known to the pub-
lic that relates to the business, technology, subscribers, fi-
nances, plans, proposals, or practices of Employer, and it in-
cludes, without limitation, the identity of all actual and pro-
spective subscribers and customers, customer lists, files and
all information relating to individual customers and subscrib-
ers, including their address and phone numbers, all business
plans and proposals, all marketing plans and proposals, all
technical plans and proposals, all research and development,
all budgets, wage and salary information, and projections, all
non-public financial information, information on suppliers,
and information on all persons for whom Employer performs
services or to whom Employer makes sales during the course
of Employer’s business, and all other information Employer
designates as “confidential” (hereafter the “Confidential In-
formation”). Employer and Employee each acknowledge and
agree that all Confidential Information shall be considered
trade secrets of Employer and shall be entitled to all protec-
tions given by law to trade secrets. Confidential Information
shall apply to every form in which information shall exist,
whether written, film, tape, computer disk or other form of
media, including original materials and any copies thereof.
(Stipulation App., tab 3 at 1.)
The General Counsel alleges the provision is facially invalid
because it explicitly mandates that employees maintain the
confidentiality of, among other subjects, wage and salary in-
formation of its employees. The Respondent counters that read
“as a whole, rather than extracting the words ‘wages and salary
information’ in isolation, it becomes apparent that the section is
intended to cover and safeguard proprietary business infor-
mation, rather than to preclude any employee’s discussion of
his or her wage rates.” (R. Br. 25.) The Respondent also notes
that the RCCA was amended to remove the phrase “wage and
salary information” effective August 21, 2013.
I find that the provision at issue explicitly restricts employ-
ees’ Section 7 right to discuss “wage and salary information”
and thus is invalid. The Board has consistently held that non-
disclosure rules which ban the disclosure and discussion of
wage and salary information are invalid. The plain language of
the provision at issue explicitly bans employees from engaging
in protected activity. Hyundai, supra, 357 NLRB 860, 877;
Double Eagle Hotel & Casino, 341 NLRB 112 (2004); Bettie
Page Clothing, 359 NLRB No. 96 (2013), affd. 361 NLRB No.
79 (2014); Flamingo Hilton-Laughlin, 330 NLRB 287, 288 fn.
3, 291 (1999).
I also find unpersuasive the Respondent’s argument it should
not be held liable for violating the Act because the language at
issue was subsequently removed from the RCCA. Passavant
Memorial Area Hospital, 237 NLRB 138 (1978), sets forth the
standard for effectively repudiating unlawful conduct. The
repudiation must be “timely,” “unambiguous,” “specific in
nature to the coercive conduct,” and “free from other pro-
scribed illegal conduct.” Passavant supra at 138; Douglas Divi-
sion, 228 NLRB 1016 (1977), and cases cited therein at 1024.
The Board has also held that in order to effectively repudiate
the unlawful conduct, the employer must adequately publicize
the repudiation to the affected employees, refrain from engag-
ing in the proscribed conduct post-publication, and assure em-
ployees that in the future the employer will not interfere with
the exercise of their Section 7 rights. Id at 138–139. In a decla-
ration from Marcine Hull, the Respondent’s vice president of
inclusion and human resources communications, submitted
after the closing of the record, attesting that effective August
21, 2013, the Respondent removed the phrase “wage and salary
information” from the section at issue. The General Counsel
and the Union object to the declaration being admitted into
evidence.7 Even assuming I admitted Hull’s declaration, I find
that the record is still devoid of evidence that the Respondent
did anything other than to remove the unlawful language from
the RCCA. In short, the additional factors necessary for estab-
lishing a successful repudiation remain unfulfilled.
Accordingly, I find the provision identified above in the sec-
tion entitled “Confidentiality” of the Respondent’s RCCA vio-
lates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
3. Code of Business Conduct-Confidentiality and
Information Security
The section at issue in the Albuquerque complaint paragraph
5(e) reads in pertinent part:
We must ensure that the operations, activities, and business
affairs of the Company and our customers are kept confiden-
tial to the greatest possible extent. Because of your work for
us, you may have access to confidential information that be-
longs to the Company or to its customers. Confidential infor-
mation includes private or proprietary business, technical, or
trade secret information. It also includes certain employee and
customer information, such as social security numbers, ad-
dresses and telephone numbers, and credit and bank account
information. The policy against disclosure of confidential in-
formation is a broad one, and includes intentional and inad-
vertent disclosure. It also prohibits making unauthorized pub-
lic statements or disclosures that are based on, or rely on,
Company confidential information, regardless of the venue in
which the statements are made (e.g., to a friend, in a chat
room, on a website, or on a blog). Employees, officers, and
directors may not access or review any confidential employee
or customer information, including account and contact in-
formation, without a business need to do so and without prior
authorization from the employee, customer, or a manager. If
you acquire confidential information about T-Mobile, its
business, its employees, or its customers, the information
must be handled in strict confidence and is not to be discussed
with anyone without a business need to know it.
Employees are responsible for the internal security of such in-
formation. The responsibility to protect confidential infor-

7 The Respondent’s motion to accept the declarations and additional
submissions posthearing is denied. The declarations and posthearing
documents are not newly discovered and/or unavailable at the time of
the hearing and stipulation. A stipulation of fact is conclusive, fore-
closing withdrawal or further dispute by a party joining in the stipula-
tion after the judge accepts it, Kroger Co., 211 NLRB 363, 364 (1974),
except on a showing of “manifest injustice,” U.S. v. Kanu, 695 F.3d 74
(D.C. Cir. 2012).
14 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
mation includes, without limitation, the following:
• Do not use or reveal any confidential information that be-
longs to the Company or any of its customers, employees,
vendors, or contractors except as required in the course of T-
Mobile’s business and only to the extent your job duties re-
quire that you do so.
• Have a signed nondisclosure agreement approved by the
Legal Department in place before revealing any confidential
information to any vendor, contractor, or person not employed
by T-Mobile or one of its subsidiaries. Do not reveal any con-
fidential information to anyone (including other Company
employees) who does not have a valid T-Mobile business
need to know the information. This includes revealing confi-
dential information about the Company’s future plans to peo-
ple who might use that information for their own personal
profit or benefit.
• Comply with the confidentiality agreement that you signed
at the time of your hire and any subsequent confidentiality
agreements.
(Stipulation App., tab 2 at 22.)
The General Counsel charges that this provision is facially
invalid because it explicitly mandates that employees maintain
the confidentiality of employees’ contact information by pro-
hibiting them from accessing or disclosing it without a business
need to do so, and without prior authorization from the subject
employee or manager. The General Counsel emphasizes this
argument by stating “[t]he breath (sic) of the prohibition is
underlined by the fact that it provides that even where employ-
ee information is obtained it may not be “discussed” with any-
one without a business need to know. Mere discussion by an
employee of a possible disclosure of contact information with a
union representative is prohibited.” (GC Br. 19.) The Re-
spondent counters that a reading of the entire provision shows
that the purpose of the policy is not to restrict Section 7 activi-
ty, but rather to “safeguard the confidentiality of private and
proprietary information maintained by the Company. . . . .” (R.
Br. 22.) The Respondent continues by noting, “It is clearly
personal identifying information that the policy attempts to
protect, and employees reasonably would understand that the
policy is designed to safeguard that interest rather than preclude
disclosure of information pertaining to wages, benefits or other
terms and conditions of employment.” (R. Br. 23.)
The Second Albuquerque complaint at paragraph 5(b) is al-
most identical to the provision above and is set forth in the
complaint as:
Keeping Our Information Secure/Confidential and Proprietary
Information. It is our duty to ensure that the operations, activi-
ties, and business affairs of the Company and our customers
are kept confidential to the greatest possible extent. Because
of your work for us, you may have access to confidential in-
formation that belongs to the Company or to its customers.
Confidential information includes private or proprietary busi-
ness, technical, or trade secret information. It also includes
certain employee and customer information, such as social
security numbers, addresses and telephone numbers, and cred-
it and bank account information.
The policy against disclosure of confidential information is a
broad one, and includes intentional and inadvertent disclosure.
It also prohibits employees from making public statements or
disclosures that are based on, or rely on Company confidential
information, regardless of the venue in which the statements
are made (e.g., to a friend, in a chat room, on a website, or on
a blog). Employees may not access or review any confidential
employee or customer information, including account and
contact information, without a business need to do so and
without prior authorization from the employee, customer, or a
manager.
If, during the course of employment, an employee acquires
confidential information about T-Mobile, its business, its em-
ployees, or its customers, the information must be handled in
strict confidence and is not to be discussed with anyone with-
out a business need to know such information. Employees are
responsible for the internal security of such information.
Employees’ responsibility to protect confidential information
includes, without limitation, the following:
• Do not use or reveal any confidential information that be-
longs to the Company or any of its customers, employees,
vendors, or contractors except as required in the course of T-
Mobile’s business and only to the extent your job duties re-
quire that you do so.
• Have a signed nondisclosure agreement approved by the
Legal Department in place before revealing any confidential
information to any vendor, contractor, or person not employed
by T-Mobile or its parent company.
• Do not reveal any confidential information to anyone (in-
cluding other Company employees) who does not have a val-
id T-Mobile business need to know the information. This in-
cludes revealing confidential information about the Compa-
ny’s future plans to people who might use that information for
their own personal profit or benefit.
(Second Albuquerque complaint, ¶ 5(b))
I find that portions of the above provisions explicitly restricts
Section 7 activity by precluding the disclosure and discussion
of employee contact information without a business need to do
so and without prior authorization from the subject employee or
a manager. As previously noted, the Board has consistently
held employees have a Section 7 right to disclose and discuss
contact information. Moreover, employees are not required to
get an employer’s permission prior to exercising their right to
engage in Section 7 activities. Brunswick Corp., 282 NLRB
794, 795 (1987). The language at issue is analogous to a rule
found unlawful in Costco Wholesale Corp., 358 NLRB 1100
(2012). The Board adopted the ALJ’s ruling that the employer
violated the Act by maintaining a rule prohibiting employees
from disclosing employee contact information to any third par-
ty without the employee’s prior consent or permission from the
employer’s legal department. Id. at 1. See also Flex Frac Lo-
gistics, LLC, 358 NLRB 1131, 1131 (finding unlawful employ-
er’s rule prohibiting employees from disclosing “personnel
information and documents” to nonemployees with the threat of
“termination” or “legal action” for violating the rule).
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 15
Even assuming that the provisions were not facially invalid, I
find that employees would reasonably construe them as prohib-
iting activity protected by Section 7. The provisions are over-
broad since they precludes employees from revealing employee
contact information without distinguishing “between infor-
mation obtained in the normal course of work or information
obtained from Respondent’s files or even between information
obtained by employees from contact with or discussion with
other employees.” Costco, 358 NLRB 1100, 1129. See also
Anserphone of Michigan, Inc., 184 NLRB 305, 306 (1970)
(employee obtained names and contact information of employ-
ees from office manager, who was lawfully in possession of the
information). Moreover, the provisions addressing the mandate
that employees keep certain company information confidential,
continues by noting that the Respondent has a broad nondisclo-
sure policy, and prohibits employees from revealing “confiden-
tial information.” It is not only overly broad but also ambigu-
ous because it leaves employees to guess what information,
other than those listed, is “confidential.” Moreover, employees
could interpret this provision as a prohibition against disclosing
or discussing wages and salary, employee contact information,
and other terms and conditions of employment. The case at
hand is nearly identical to Aroostook County Regional
Opthamology Center, 317 NLRB 218 (1995), where the Board
found that the nondisclosure provision prohibiting the discus-
sion or disclosure of “office business” could reasonably be
interpreted “to include employees’ terms and conditions of
employment.” Just as in Aroostook, the rule in this case is so
broadly worded and ambiguous that I find it would chill em-
ployees in the exercise of their protected activities. While the
Respondent might argue it had justifiable reasons for wanting
to safeguard employees’ personal information, including con-
tact information, it cannot do so at the expense of employees’
right to concertedly discuss their terms and conditions of em-
ployment and concertedly act to improve their workplace envi-
ronment. The Board has repeatedly ruled that if a workplace
rule is ambiguous, the ambiguity is resolved against the em-
ployer. Bigg’s Foods, 347 NLRB 39 (2006).
Accordingly, I find that the provision identified above in the
Respondent’s Code of Business Conduct violates Section
8(a)(1) of the Act.
4. Code of Business Conduct-Confidentiality of Each Other’s
Information (Second Albuquerque complaint at par. 5(a); South
Carolina complaint at para. 6(B))
Focusing on the provision “Confidentiality of Each Other’s
Information” the General Counsel contends that it is facially
invalid because it “explicitly restrict the Section 7 rights of
employees to freely exchange information with themselves or
third parties such as union representatives, or even with a Board
agent investigating an unfair labor practice charge.” (GC Br.
35.)
The section at issue which is referenced under the Second
Albuquerque complaint paragraph 5(a) reads in pertinent part:
Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information. T-Mobile ac-
quires and retains the personal information of its employees in
the normal course of business, for example, for the provision
of employee benefits. Personal information about employees,
including for example, home addresses, must not be disclosed
or used by T-Mobile employees except in the proper perfor-
mance of their duties.
Q: I don’t work directly with our customers. How do I know
if the information I have access to should be kept confiden-
tial?
A: No matter which area of T-Mobile you work in, you have
a duty to protect the information about our customers, em-
ployees and the Company. You’re entrusted to help ensure
that only the appropriate people have access to the infor-
mation you create, share and store.
Unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, or even
accessing customer information without the authority to do
so, may subject you to legal liability and disciplinary action.
When in doubt, contact your manager, Human Resources, the
Chief Privacy Officer or the Privacy Mailbox.
(Stipulation App., tab 2 at 12.)
The section at issue which is referenced under the South
Carolina complaint paragraph 6(B) and identical to the first
paragraph second line of the above-referenced rule, reads in
pertinent part:
. . . . Personal information about employees, including for ex-
ample, home addresses, must not be disclosed or used by em-
ployees except in the proper performance of their duties.
(Stipulation App., tab 2 at 12.)
Under the “Confidentiality and Information Security” provision
of the Code of Business Conduct, the General Counsel alleges
that it is unlawful because it explicitly mandates that employees
maintain the confidentiality of employees’ “home addresses”
and by extension “telephone numbers and other contact infor-
mation,” by prohibiting them from accessing or disclosing it
without a business need to do so and without prior authoriza-
tion from the subject employee or manager. Id. T-Mobile ar-
gues that a reading of the entire provision, within context,
shows that the purpose of the policy is not to restrict Section 7
activity but rather “[i]t is clearly personal identifying infor-
mation that the policy attempts to protect, and employees rea-
sonably would understand that the policy is designed to safe-
guard that interest rather than preclude disclosure of infor-
mation pertaining to wages, benefits or other terms and condi-
tions of employment.” (R. Br. 23.) The Respondent8 continues
by noting, “. . . there is absolutely no relationship between in-
formation provided by employees either as customers or for
purposes of obtaining benefits, and their terms and conditions
of employment.” (R. Br. 25.)
The Respondent posits an interesting argument that in their
role as customers, employees’ contact information is confiden-
tial. In this context, the Respondent argues, Section 7 does not
give employees “unfettered use of such private information and
the Company has a very legitimate interest in ensuring that
information obtained about employees under these circum-
stances is safeguarded.” (R. Br. 24.) However, the Respondent

8 In this section of the decision “the Respondent” refers to T-Mobile.
16 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
fails to provide case law to support this proposition. Nonethe-
less, this argument does not overcome the additional bases on
which the General Counsel rests its charge.
I find the provisions are unlawful even if it is addressing em-
ployee contact information as it relates to their benefits. Em-
ployee benefits are a term and condition of employment and
employers cannot forbid employees from disclosing or discuss-
ing them with each other or third parties. Hyundai, supra, 357
NLRB 860 (found unlawful a provision that “[a]ny unauthor-
ized disclosure of information from an employee’s personnel
file is a ground for discipline, including discharge.”); Costco,
358 NLRB 1100, 1100 (found unlawful a rule the precluded
employees from divulging “private matters of members and
other employees . . . includ[ing]topics such as, but not limited
to, sick calls, leaves of absences, FMLA call-outs, ADA ac-
commodations, workers’ compensation injuries, personal health
information, etc.”). Even reading the rule within the context
that the Respondent set out, it is irrelevant whether the employ-
ee information is retained in connection with their benefits
since discussion and disclosure of the information is protected
activity with few exceptions. See Bettie Page Clothing, 359
NLRB No. 96, slip op. at 8 (rule prohibiting the disclosure of
wages or compensation to a third part or other employees un-
lawful); Flex Frac Logistics, LLC, 358 NLRB 1131, 1131 (con-
fidentiality rules prohibiting the disclosure of information “re-
lated to . . . personnel information and documents found unlaw-
ful); Cintas Corp. v. NLRB, 482 F.3d 463, 468–469 (D.C. 2007,
enfg. 344 NLRB 943 (2005) (explaining that confidentiality
rules that prohibit disclosure of “information concerning em-
ployees” are unlawful). It is clear that the rule forbids employ-
ees from disclosing employee contact information that they
discover through their ordinary daily work duties or legally
acquire the information from outside sources.
Accordingly, I find that the provision identified above in the
Respondent’s Code of Business Conduct violates Section
8(a)(1) of the Act.
C. Employee Handbook: “Business Practice –Internal
Investigation”
The General Counsel alleges that the Respondent violated
Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by promulgating, maintaining, or
enforcing a provision in the handbook that requires employees
to fully cooperate in an internal investigation and prohibits
those employees involved in the investigation from discussing
the ongoing investigation, under threat of discipline, including
dismissal. The Respondent counters that it removed the offend-
ing provision from the Internal Investigations policy effective
August 2, 2013. Moreover, the Respondent argues that it had
legitimate business justifications for the rule “which, coupled
with the fact that the confidentiality requirement is narrowly
tailored and would not reasonably be read to encompass Sec-
tion 7 activity . . . .” (R. Br. 17.)
In order to justify a rule prohibiting employee discussions of
ongoing investigations, the Respondent must show that it has a
legitimate business justification. In Hyundai America Shipping
Agency, supra, 357 NLRB at 874, the Board held there was no
legitimate and substantial justification when an employer
promulgates a blanket prohibition against employees discussing
matters under investigation. The rule read, in pertinent part,
that “employees should only disclose information or messages
from [Hyundai’s electronic communications] system to author-
ized persons.” Id. at 870. See also Banner Estrella Medical
Center, 358 NLRB 809, 810 (2012) (the Board quoting from
Hyundai America Shipping Agency, “Rather, in order to mini-
mize the impact on Section 7 rights, it was the Respondent’s
burden ‘to first determine whether in any give[n] investigation
witnesses need [ed] protection, evidence [was] in danger of
being destroyed, testimony [was] in danger of being fabricated,
or there [was] a need to prevent a cover up.’”). Id.
Therefore, the question is whether the Respondent’s stated
business reasons outweigh the employees’ exercise of their
Section 7 rights. The Respondent must show, for example, that
the rule was necessary because witnesses needed protection,
evidence was in danger of being destroyed, and/or testimony
was likely to be fabricated.
The provision at issue reads in relevant part:
As appropriate, T-Mobile will investigate complaints of har-
assment, discrimination or retaliation in the workplace or
complaints alleging noncompliance with policies or legal re-
quirements. The Company may also investigate suspected
employee misconduct, threats of violence or unsafe conduct
and allegations of other improper activity.
Employees must fully cooperate in internal investigations, in-
cluding providing complete, truthful and accurate information
and written statements upon request. An employee’s refusal to
cooperate in any investigation may result in forfeiture of good
standing, and/or may result in additional performance im-
provement action up to and including dismissal. To ensure the
integrity of investigations, employees must maintain the con-
fidentiality of the names of the employees involved in the in-
vestigations, whether as complainants, subjects or witnesses.
Conduct that interferes with, undermines, impedes or is oth-
erwise detrimental to any internal investigation is prohibited.
(Stipulation App., tab 1 at 38.)
Again as I noted earlier in the decision, the parties have stip-
ulated that from August 2012 through May 2013, the Respond-
ent’s handbook contained language informing all employees
they are required to “fully” cooperate in internal investigations
and “maintain the confidentiality of the names of the employees
involved in the investigations, whether as complainants, sub-
jects or witnesses.” (Stipulation App., tab 1 at 38.). In defend-
ing the legality of the rule, the Respondent contends that it was
enacted to promote collaboration and participation in the inves-
tigation, ensure the integrity of the investigation, protect sensi-
tive information from being disclosed, and create an environ-
ment where investigation participants could speak freely. Fur-
ther, the Respondent argues that the limited scope of the confi-
dentiality provision would not reasonably be construed by em-
ployees to “prevent the discussion of actual terms and condi-
tions of employment, or the enlisting of others’ support as part
of an investigation.” (R. Br. 17–18.)
I do not find the Respondent’s arguments persuasive. The
Respondent did not assert or present evidence that it conducted
an analysis to determine if the integrity of its investigations
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 17
would have been threatened without issuing the blanket confi-
dentiality rule against divulging the names of employees in-
volved in an investigation. For example, there is no evidence
that during investigations there have been instances of witness-
es being coerced and, or intimidated with threats of physical
harm by those involved in the internal investigation or attempts
by those involved in the investigation to fabricate or destroy
evidence. I agree with the General Counsel’s assertion, “While
in the work rule here the directive not to discuss the names of
the complainants, witnesses or subjects of an investigation is
prefaced by a recited need to maintain integrity of investiga-
tions, there is no demonstrated correlation between disclosure
of identities of persons connected to an investigation and integ-
rity of an investigation, regardless of how mundane the subject
of the investigation.” (GC Br. 14.)
I find that the Respondent produced no evidence to show that
the integrity of the investigations would have been in danger
absent the confidentiality provision. On the contrary, the evi-
dence shows that the Respondent has promulgated, maintained,
and enforced a blanket rule that prohibits its employees from
disclosing the names of employees involved in the Respond-
ent’s internal investigations without first determining if the
particular investigation warrants such a prohibition. This is
clearly a restraint on employees’ Section 7 right to speak with
fellow employees to obtain evidence in support of a defense
against the charges.
In its brief the Charging Party Union also argues that the Re-
spondent’s policy violates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by unlaw-
fully threatening employees with discipline if they do not coop-
erate in internal investigations. Noting, “[r]ules threatening
employees with discipline for failure to cooperate in internal
investigations, without allowing for Johnnie’s Poultry9 assur-
ances, have the reasonable tendency to discourage employees
from engaging in protected activity and are therefore unlawful.
Beverly Health & Rehabilitation Services, 332 NLRB 347
(2000) enfd. 297 F.3d 468 (D.C. Cir. 2012).” The Respondent
counters, however, that the Albuquerque complaint and the
counsel for the General Counsel in his brief do not raise an
allegation of “unlawfulness with respect to language providing
that employees are expected to cooperate in investigations.” (R.
Br. at 17 fn. 7.) I agree with the Respondent. Counsel for the
General Counsel does not raise this argument in its brief; and
the complaint does not specify that the language requiring em-
ployees to cooperate in investigations is unlawful. The com-
plaint simply sets out the entirety of the provision and but for
the argument posited by counsel for the General Counsel in his
brief, the Respondent would be left to guess at what portion of
the provision the General Counsel alleges is unlawful. That is
not the Respondent’s burden to bear. Consequently, I find that
the issue of whether the policy is unlawful because it threatens
employees with discipline if they do not cooperate in internal
investigations is not before me.
I therefore conclude that the Respondent has failed to
demonstrate that a legitimate and substantial justification exists
for promulgating and enforcing a blanket rule that restricts

9 Johnnie’s Poultry Co., 146 NLRB 770, 774, 775 (1964), enf. de-
nied 344 F.2d 617 (8th Cir. 1965).
employees from exercising their Section 7 rights. Accordingly,
I find that the Respondent has violated Section 8(a)(1) of the
Act by unlawfully maintaining an overly broad and discrimina-
tory rule in its handbook which prohibits employees from, and
threatens them with discipline for disclosing the names of em-
ployees involved in internal investigations.
D. Employee Handbook: “Communications with the Media”
The General Counsel argues that T-Mobile’s rule that ex-
pressly prohibits employees from directly addressing media
inquiries is overly broad because it restricts employees’ ability
to speak directly to the media on matters that may pertain to “a
labor dispute or employee terms and conditions of employ-
ment.” (GC Br. 26.) The Respondent10 counters that the media
policy does not preclude employees from contacting the media
“for purposes of communicating about terms and conditions of
employment, labor disputes or any other topic.” In support of
its position, the Respondent notes that an internet search will
reveal that T-Mobile employees have not been afraid to speak
publicly about the Company and have done so repeatedly in the
public arena. Further, the Respondent insists that a “reasonable
interpretation” of the rule is that it only applies to “official”
inquiries from the media for a “Company” spokesperson. (R.
Br. at 18.)
The rule at issue states in relevant part:
All inquiries from the media must be referred without com-
ment to the Corporate Communications Department.
(Stipulation App., tab 5 at 30.)
The Board has consistently held employer’s work rules
which are ill defined and overbroad violate Section 8(a)(1) of
the Act. In Trump Marina Casino Resort, 355 NLRB 585,
(2010), the Board upheld the administrative law judge’s deci-
sion that the employer’s rule prohibiting employees from re-
leasing statements to news media without prior authorization
and designating that only certain company employees were
allowed to speak with the media violated the Act. Trump Ma-
rina Casino Resort is one of several Board cases holding that
Section 7 of the Act protects employees’ communications to the
public and, by extension, the media. See also Interbake Foods,
LLC, Case No. 05–CA–033158, et al., 2013 NLRB LEXIS 583
(NLRB Div. of Judges, Aug. 30, 2013), adopted, 2013 NLRB
LEXIS 674 (NLRB Oct. 29, 2013) (employer’s policy violated
the act because it restricted employees’ ability to communicate
with the news media about their terms and conditions of em-
ployment); Sheraton Anchorage, 359 NLRB No. 95, slip op. at
3 fn. 8 (2013) (Board held that Respondent’s rule prohibiting
employees from communicating “any information” about them-
selves to the media violated the Act) Double Eagle Hotel &
Casino, 341 NLRB 112 at 115 (the Board adopted the adminis-
trative law judge’s finding that a section of the employer’s
handbook’s “Communications” rule was unlawful because it
prohibited employees from “provid[ing] information about the
company to the media.”).
I find unpersuasive the Respondent’s arguments that the rule

10 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
18 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
does not violate the Act because it was intended to prohibit
employees, other than the “Corporate Communications De-
partment,” from providing an official company response to
inquiries received from the media. Likewise, the Respondent’s
contention that employees have not construed the policy as
inhibiting their Section 7 rights because an internet search
would reveal that the Respondent’s employees regularly speak
publicly about the Company also fails because it is not support-
ed by any objective evidence. The rule does not define or clari-
fy the parameters of its prohibition on communications with the
media. The overly broad rule mandates that all inquiries be
directed to the Respondent’s corporate communications de-
partment. This rule could reasonable be viewed by employees
as encompassing inquiries about wages, labor disputes, and
other terms and conditions of employment. I find that the rule,
as it appears in the handbook, is overly broad and could reason-
ably be perceived as inhibiting Section 7 activity.
Accordingly, I find that the Respondent’s rule limiting em-
ployees’ communication with the media, as presented in the
handbook, is so broad as to restrict employees in concerted
protected activity and thus violates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
E. Employee Handbook: “Recording in the Workplace”
The T-Mobile maintains a rule in its handbook that prohibits
employees from using photographic, audio, video, or any other
recording devices in the workplace without authorization from
a manager, the human resources department, or the legal de-
partment. The General Counsel charges that the rule is over-
broad and invalid on its face. The General Counsel argues,
“The taking of photographs, audio and video recording may be
protected where engaged in concertedly by employees. Re-
spondents’ photography, audio and video recording policy
makes no allowance for this possibility.” (GC Br. 25.) The
Respondent11 denies that its rule is unlawful and states that it
only forbids “recording people or confidential information.”
The Respondent contends that Board precedent supports the
lawfulness of similar policies when the restriction has no dis-
criminatory intent or application. (R. Br. 12–13.)
The policy prohibiting recording in the workplace provides:
To prevent harassment, maintain individual privacy, encour-
age open communication, and protect confidential infor-
mation employees are prohibited from recording people or
confidential information using cameras, camera
phones/devices, or recording devices(audio or video) in the
workplace. Apart from customer calls that are recorded for
quality purposes, employees may not tape or otherwise make
sound recording of work-related or workplace discussions.
Exceptions may be granted when participating in an author-
ized TMUS activity or with permission from an employee’s
Manager, HR Business Partner, or the Legal Department. If
an exception is granted, employees may not take a picture,
audiotape, or videotape others in the workplace without the
prior notification of all participants.

11 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
(Stipulation, App., tab 5 at 28; South Carolina complaint par.
4(D))
The South Carolina complaint at paragraph 6(D) and the Albu-
querque Complaint at paragraph 5(e) contain identical lan-
guage, but the South Carolina Complaint also includes the fol-
lowing language which is at issue:
● Apart from customer calls that are recorded for quality
purposes, do not tape or otherwise make sound recordings of
work-related or workplace discussions without the permission
of all participants and Human Resources or the approval of
the Legal Department. Failure to request and receive such
permission violates Company policy and may violate the law.
(Stipulation Appendix, Tab 2 at 22; South Carolina Complaint
paragraph 6(D)).
A threshold question is whether the work rules explicitly re-
strict Section 7 rights. Although the General Counsel charges
that they are facially invalid, I do not agree. The Board has not
held, and no cases have been cited, that making recordings in
the workplace is a protected right. Although cited by the Union
to support this proposition, Hawaii Tribune-Herald, 356 NLRB
661, 661 (2011), is inapposite because the employer in that case
did not have a rule prohibiting making recordings of conversa-
tions in the workplace. Therefore, the Board limited its holding
to those instances in which employees were recording in the
workplace while engaged in protected activity, and the employ-
er had not adopted a work rule to prohibit such action. (Empha-
sis added.) The Board noted that where the Respondent has no
rule barring such recording,” there was no showing of employ-
ee misconduct sufficiently egregious to remove it from the
protection of the Act.” Id. See also Opryland Hotel, 323 NLRB
723, 723 fn. 3 (1997) (an employee terminated for secretly
recording conversations in the workplace had not forfeited the
remedy of reinstatement because the employer had no “rule,
prohibition, or practice against employees using or possessing
tape recorders at work”). The Union also cites Gallup, Inc.,
334 NLRB 366 (2001), to support its argument that the Re-
spondent’s rule violated the Act. However, Gallup, Inc. differs
in that the employer unlawfully created the rule banning audio
or video taping at work in response to union organizing efforts.
There is no substantive evidence in the case at hand to support
a finding that the Respondent developed this rule in response to
union organizational activities or to restrict Section 7 rights.
While the Union might argue that the organizing campaign has
caused the Respondent to express union animus, there is no
evidence that any such alleged animus was the reason the Re-
spondent developed the rule at issue. See, Lafayette Park at 826
(relying in part on the absence of evidence of union animus to
find that a rule did not violate Section 8(a)(1)).
The General Counsel argues that the work rule unlawfully
bans employees from using camera phones/devices, or audio
and recording devices in the workplace to assist, support, and
get evidence in support of a union organizing campaign or oth-
er protected concerted activity. It is undisputed that the Re-
spondent’s handbook does contain a prohibition against posses-
sion of recording devices in the workplace. While the General
Counsel argues that the policy is overbroad and invalid on its
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 19
face, I find there is no factual or legal evidence to support this
contention. The policy explicitly sets forth valid, nondiscrimi-
natory, rationales for its existence. Concerns for safety,
maintenance of a harassment free work environment, protection
of trade secrets, and a workplace free from unnecessary distrac-
tions are all valid reasons for promulgating the rule. The policy
expresses a rationale narrowly tailored to address these con-
cerns; and there is no evidence of it being applied in a discrimi-
natory manner. It is not unreasonable for the Employer to fear
that a workplace with surreptitiously recorded conversations
would foster hostility, suspicions, low morale, and impede free
and open discussion among members of its work force. It
would certainly hinder the open lines of communication be-
tween supervisors and employees because of fears that discus-
sions could be secretly recorded for use against them at a later
date. These are a few examples of the type of acts that the rule
is directed at preventing. In addition to determining that the
Recording in the Workplace policy is valid on its face, I have
concluded that there is no evidence (or allegation) that it has
been applied in a discriminatory manner.
The Union also cites several recent ALJ decisions and a cou-
ple of General Counsel advice memoranda supporting the
proposition that blanket rules prohibiting employees from re-
cording in the workplace are overbroad and violate Section
8(a)(1). Although I have considered them, those authorities
have no precedential value.
Accordingly, I find that the Respondent’s “Recording in the
Workplace—Audio, Video, and Photography” rule does not
violate Section 8(a)(1) of the Act. Therefore, I recommend the
dismissal of this charge.
F. Employee Handbook: “Wage and Hour Complaint
Procedure”
The T-Mobile maintains a provision in the handbook that
governs the procedure for complaints related to wage and hour
matters.
The language at issue provides as follows:
Employees who feel they have not been paid all wages or pay
owed to them, who believe that an improper deduction was
made from their salary, or who feel they have been required to
miss meal or rest periods, must immediately notify a Manager
or HR Business Partner, or contact the Integrity Line at . . .
Employees who violate wage and hour laws and/or TMUS
wage and hour policies may receive performance improve-
ment action up to and including termination.
(Stipulation, App., tab 5 at 20.)
The General Counsel argues that the provision in the handbook
is “unlawfully overbroad as employees will reasonably interpret
it as discouraging them from pursuing wage discrepancy and
work hour issues except through the complaint procedure set up
which require immediate notification of management.” (GC
Br. 23.) The Respondent12 denies that its rule is unlawful; and
contends that it is only meant to “protect employees and to
prevent and/or correct any errors in the calculation and payment

12 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
of their wages.” (R. Br. 10.) The Respondent counters that the
rule does not require employees to waive rights they might
have to pursue wage and hour complaints in other venues.
Moreover, the Respondent notes, “. . . nothing in the policy
prevents employees from discussing their concerns with their
co-workers, friends, family members or the Union.” (R. Br. 11.)
Each party cites Kinder-Care Learning Centers, 299 NLRB
1171 (1990) and U-Haul Co. of California, 347 NLRB 375
(2006) to support its position. In U-Haul Co. of California, the
Board found lawful a statement in the employer’s employee
handbook requiring employees to bring work-related com-
plaints to their supervisor and if unresolved then elevate the
complaint to the company’s president and chairman of the
board. The Board concluded that the statement was an expecta-
tion rather than a “command” that employees bring workplace
complaints to management without the threat of discipline for
failure to do so. Id. at 378–379. Further the Board wrote,
Second, even if the disputed statement could be read as a di-
rection to employees to present their workplace problems to
Respondent’s managers, or at least an encouragement to do
so, the handbook does not foreclose employees from also us-
ing other avenues (e.g., the union fellow employees, the
NLRB.) In addition, the handbook does not state that the em-
ployee must go to management before using other avenues.
Further, there is no evidence that the statement has been ap-
plied to foreclose such access.
Id. at 378–379.
In Kinder-Care Learning Centers, supra, the employer had a
rule prohibiting employees from discussing their terms and
conditions of employment with parents of children enrolled in
the school. An employee may also have been a parent because
employees were allowed to enroll their children at a 50-percent
discount. Therefore, the rule would prohibit an employee from
discussing their terms and condition of employment with other
employees if one or both of the employees were also parents of
children enrolled at the employer’s facility. The Board found
the rule was unlawful because,
. . . [W]e find that the Respondent’s rule does not merely state
a preference that the employees follow its policy, but rather
that compliance with the policy is required. We further find
that this requirement—which has no basis in either the lan-
guage or the policy of the Act—reasonably tends to inhibit
employees from bringing work-related complaints to, and
seeking redress from, entities other than the Respondent, and
restrains the employees’ Section 7 rights to engage in concert-
ed activities for collective bargaining or other mutual aid or
protection.
Id. at 1172.
Although the rule at issue does not on its face prohibit em-
ployees from taking outside action to address wage-related
complaints, it does require employees to notify a manager,
human resources, or call the integrity line. Moreover, employ-
ees are threatened with disciplinary action, including termina-
tion, for failure to comply with the rule. While I find that the
Respondent can lawfully require employees to follow internal
protocols for work-related complaints, including wage and
20 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
benefit disputes, the employer must also make clear that the
internal process does not preclude employees from seeking
remedies or discussing the disputes with other employees or
third-parties. Based on the clear language of the rule, it is ap-
parent that employees are required to address complaints about
wages through the Respondent’s internal complaint process.
This requirement, in combination with the threat of discipline
for failing to adhere to the rule, would “reasonably tend to in-
hibit employees from bringing wage-related complaints to, and
seeking redress from, entities other than the Respondent, and
restrains the employees’ Section 7 rights to engage in concerted
activities for collective bargaining or other mutual aid or pro-
tection.” Kinder-Care, supra at 1172. The Respondent’s rule
tends to inhibit employees from banding together by requiring
that the employee initiate the internal process first and immedi-
ately, before getting assistance from or discussing it with a
third-party or outside entity. “Faced with such a requirement,
some employees may never invoke the right to act in concert
with other employees or to seek the assistance of a union, be-
cause they are unwilling to first run the risk of confronting the
Respondent on an individual basis.” Kinder-Care, supra at
1172.
Accordingly, I find that the stipulated portion of the Re-
spondent’s work and hour complaint procedure violates Section
8(a)(1) of the Act.
G. Employee Handbook: “Workplace Conduct”
The provision at issue reads in pertinent part:
Employees are expected to maintain a positive work envi-
ronment by communicating in a manner that is conducive to
effective working relationships with internal and external cus-
tomers, clients, co-workers, and management.
(Stipulation, App., tab 5at 15.)
The General Counsel charges that portions of T-Mobile’s Code
of Business—Workplace Conduct violates the Act because the
provision at issue uses “ambiguous and vague” terms that fails
to define with clarity the conduct that is objectionable to the
Respondent. (GC Br. 21.) The Respondent13 argues that the
Board has consistently upheld similar policies; and reasonable
employees would construe this provision as “intended to pro-
mote a civil and decent workplace.” (R. Br. 9–10.)
The General Counsel contends that use of the terms “positive
work environment” and the need for employees to “communi-
cate in a manner that is conducive to effective working rela-
tionships” encompasses conduct that is likely to be viewed
subjectively and as a “matter of opinion.” Consequently, em-
ployees would have no guidelines for determining what type of
conduct the Respondent finds objectionable, and therefore it
would chill the exercise of their Section 7 rights. I must agree,
however, with the Respondent that the policy merely establish-
es the Respondent’s expectation for professional behavior in
the work environment.
In Lutheran Heritage Village the Board stated, “Where as
here, the rule does not refer to Section 7 activities, we will not

13 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
conclude that a reasonable employee would read the rule to
apply to such activity simply because the rules could be inter-
preted that way. To take a different analytical approach, would
require the Board to find a violation whenever the rule could
conceivably be read to cover Section 7 activity, even that read-
ing is unreasonable. We decline to take that approach.” 343
NLRB at 647. Likewise, in Costco, supra at 25–26, a rule re-
quiring employees to maintain “appropriate business decorum”
was found lawful in the absence of evidence that the rule was
applied discriminatorily or was adopted in response to protect-
ed activity. See also, Lafayette Park Hotel, supra at 826;
Cooper River of Boiling Springs, LLC, 360 NLRB No. 60
(2014) (rule prohibiting “[i]insubordination to a manager or
lack of respect and cooperation with fellow employees or
guests,” which “includes displaying a negative attitude that is
disruptive to other staff or has a negative impact on guest” did
not violate the Act).
In this instance, the rule clearly does not refer to Section 7
activities, and there is no evidence that it was applied in a dis-
criminatory manner or adopted in response to union activity.
Within the context of the policy, all employees would under-
stand a prohibition against fighting to mean a physical alterca-
tion and by any standard, including the Act, fighting would be
inappropriate in the workplace. I do not believe that the rule
can reasonably be read as pertaining to Section 7 activity. In
the words of the Board, “To ascribe such a meaning to these
words is, quite simply, farfetched. Employees reasonably
would believe that this rule was intended to reach serious mis-
conduct, not conduct protected by the Act.” Lafayette Park
Hotel, supra at 827. The General Counsel’s reliance on Hills &
Dales General Hospital, 360 NLRB No. 70 (2014) is unpersua-
sive. The rule in Hills & Dales restricted employees actions
outside of the workplace by requiring them to “represent [the
Respondent] in the community in a positive and professional
manner.” Id., slip op. at 2. Reading the policy at issue within
context, an employee would clearly understand that it pertains
to actions in the workplace; and Board precedent has held that
workplace rules requiring employees to treat each other, includ-
ing supervisors, with respect and behave professionally are an
attempt to encourage a “civil and decent workplace.” See Cost-
co, supra at 26–27 (quoting Lutheran Heritage Village-Livonia,
343 NLRB 648). Even assuming the rule encompasses actions
outside the workplace, the Board found lawful a rule nearly
identical to the one at issue but that addressed off-duty conduct.
See Flamingo Hilton-Laughlin, supra at 289; Lafayette Park
Hotel, supra at 827.
Accordingly, in the absence of evidence of discriminatory
application of the rule or that it was adopted in response to
protected conduct, I find maintenance of the rule does not vio-
late Section 8(a)(1) of the Act. Therefore, I recommend dis-
missal of this complaint.
H. Acceptable Use Policy:”Legitimate Business Purposes”
& “Security”
T-Mobile’s Acceptable Use Policy for Information and
Communication (Acceptable Use Policy) at sections 3.3, 3.4,
and 4.4 prohibit using its information or communication re-
sources in ways it considers to be “disruptive, offensive, or
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 21
harmful”; prohibit using its information or communication
resources to advocate, disparage, or solicit for political causes
or non-company related outside organizations; and prohibit
users from allowing “non-approved individuals access to in-
formation or information resources, or any information trans-
mitted by, received from, printed from, or stored in these re-
sources, without prior written approval from an authorized T-
Mobile representative.” (Stipulation App., tab 6 at 2–5.)
The General Counsel charges that the policies violate the Act
because Register Guard,14 a decision in which the Board ruled
an employer my deny employees access to its email and com-
munications resources for non-job related solicitations, should
be overturned. Furthermore, the General Counsel argues that if
Register Guard is overturned, the remaining acceptable use
policies are unlawful because Section 3.3 is overly broad “as it
leaves far too much uncertainty as to what precise conduct is
prohibited”; and Section 4.4 will reasonably be interpreted to
reach protected, concerted activities because “on its face [it]
prohibit(s) an employee from obtaining any work polices stored
or accessed through Respondents’ systems and providing such
information to a union representative.” (GC Br. 29–30.) The
Respondent15 counters that Register Guard was Board prece-
dent at the time the charge was filed and it should be control-
ling in this matter. Further, the Respondent argues that there is
no allegation or evidence that it applied discriminatorily any of
the policies at issue. Finally, the Respondent contends that the
case relied on by the General Counsel, Beth-Israel v. NLRB,
437 U.S. 483, 490 (1978), is inapposite. I find that the General
Counsel’s argument prevails in this instance.
Register Guard held that the employer’s policy prohibiting
use of its electronic communications system did not violate the
Act as long as it was applied equally. The Board noted, an
employer “may lawfully bar employees’ nonwork-related use
of its [communications] system[s], unless [the employer] acts in
a matter that discriminates against Section 7 activity.” 351
NLRB at 1111. Neither email access by nonemployees, nor
access to any other type of electronic communications system,
were addressed by the Board because those issues were not
before it. Id.
In Purple Communications, Inc., 361 NLRB No. 126 (2014)
the Board overturned Register Guard and established a new
standard for assessing the validity of employer’s rules restrict-
ing employees use of its email system. The Board articulated
several reasons for its decision to overrule Register Guard. It
found that Register Guard gave too much weight to employer’s
property rights over employees’ “core Section 7 right to com-
municate in the workplace about their terms and conditions of
employment”; the majority in Register Guard did not under-
stand the importance of email as a way for employees to engage
in protected communications, and its dramatic increase in usage
since Register Guard was decided; and the majority in Register
Guard wrongly placed more weight on the Board’s equipment
decisions than “those precedents can bear.” Id., slip op. at 5.
The Board held “employee use of email for statutorily protected

14 351 NLRB 1110 (2007).
15 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
communications on nonworking time must presumptively be
permitted by employers who have chosen to give employees
access to their email systems.” Id., slip op. at 1. The decision’s
scope is limited to (1) employees who have already been au-
thorized access to the employer’s email system in the course of
their work; and it does not require employers to provide email
access; (2) an employer may justify a total ban on nonwork use
of email, including Section 7 use of nonworking time, by
demonstrating that “special circumstances” make the ban nec-
essary to maintain production or discipline; and (3) absent justi-
fication for a total ban, the employer may apply uniform and
consistently enforced controls over its email system to the ex-
tent such controls are necessary to maintain production and
discipline. In other words, the new standard presumes that
employees who have rightful access to their employer’s email
system in the course of their work have a right to use the email
system to engage in Section 7-protected communications on
nonworking time. An employer may rebut the presumption by
demonstrating that special circumstances necessary to maintain
production or discipline justify restricting its employees’ rights.
The Board noted, however, that “an employer contending that
special circumstances justify a particular restriction must
demonstrate the connection between the interest it asserts and
the restriction. The mere assertion of an interest that could
theoretically support a restriction will not suffice.” Purple
Communications, supra, slip op. at 14 and fn. 68. In other
words, the justification must be rooted in an actual interest that
the employer has demonstrated is in need of protection.
Moreover, the Board determined that Purple Communica-
tions should be applied retroactively in accordance with its
usual practice to apply new policies and standards “to all pend-
ing cases in whatever stage” if doing so would not cause a
“manifest injustice.”16
In accordance with Purple Communications, supra, I must
first determine whether the employees at issue have already
been granted access to the Respondent’s email system in the
course of their work. The Respondent’s acceptable use policy
for information and communication resources extends to “all
Users (e.g., T-Mobile employees, contingent staff, and other
third-parties doing business on behalf of T-Mobile) who have
access to T-Mobile’s information and/or communication re-
sources.” (Stipulation App., tab 6 at 1.) There is no contention
by any of the parties that it is not applicable to the employees
who are the subject of the complaints at issue. Therefore, the
remaining question is whether the Respondent may “justify a
total ban on nonwork use of email, including Section 7 use on
nonworking time, by demonstrating that special circumstances
make the ban necessary to maintain production or discipline.”
Purple Communications, supra, slip op. at 1.
The Respondent allows employees to have “incidental and
infrequent personal use” of its email system. However, em-
ployees’ personal use of the Respondent’s email system cannot
“interfere with an employee’s productivity or ability to effi-
ciently and fully perform job responsibilities.” (Stipulation

16 Pattern Makers (Michigan Model Mfrs.), 310 NLRB 929, 931
(1993); Machinists Local 2777 (L-3 Communications), 355 NLRB
1062, 1069 fn. 37 (2010).
22 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
App., tab 5 at 26.) Access by employees to the Respondent’s
information and communications resources is restricted to
“those resources, for which [employees] have prior permission
and a TMUS business need to access.” Id. The Respondent
asserts that the acceptable use provisions at issue “all aim to
ensure that T-Mobile’s communications systems, which are
property of the Company, are not used for nonbusiness-related
causes, or for unlawful or offensive reasons or by non-approved
individuals.” (R. Br. 19.) Despite the Respondent’s assertions,
the record is devoid of evidence that there is a connection be-
tween the Respondent’s interest in ensuring its email system is
not used for unlawful or offensive reasons or by nonauthorized
individuals. Moreover, the Respondent did not seek leave to
submit supplemental evidence post-Purple Communications to
establish that its interests in production and discipline override
employees’ Section 7 rights. Therefore, I find that the Re-
spondent has failed to establish that special circumstances justi-
fy its specific restrictions on employees’ use of its email sys-
tem.
The Board determined that the new standard established in
Purple Communications should be applied retroactively. Con-
sequently, the Respondent’s argument against retroactive appli-
cation of its standard fails on this point.
1. Acceptable Use Policy – Section 3.3 and 3.4
The General Counsel argues that sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the
T-Mobile’s Acceptable Use Policy are both unlawfully over-
broad. Section 3.3 of the policy reads in pertinent part:
Using T-Mobile information or communication resources in
ways that could reasonably be considered disruptive, offen-
sive, or harmful to morale is prohibited.
(Stipulation App., tab 6 at 1 (sec. 3, para. 3))
The General Counsel alleges that the words “disruptive, offen-
sive, or harmful to morale” fail to precisely define what con-
duct is prohibited, and “would leave an employee uncertain as
to whether certain Section 7 activities are permissible.” (GC Br.
31.) The Respondent17 denies that a reasonable interpretation
of the provisions would implicate Section 7 rights if read within
the context of the entire Acceptable Use Policy provisions.
I find that section 3.3 is overbroad in violation of the Act be-
cause the provision fails to define or offer employees clarifica-
tion on the specific type of speech that would violate the Re-
spondent’s policy. While Purple Communications emphasizes
that employers are not required to provide email access to its
employees in the course of their work, once it has done so em-
ployees are entitled to use the system for statutorily protected
discussions about their terms and conditions of employment
during nonworking time, absent a showing by the employer of
special circumstances that justify specific restrictions. There-
fore, an employer cannot, with a few exceptions, withhold from
employees access to its email system based on the content of
their emails. In this instance, the rule fails to define the areas of
permissible and impermissible language with specificity by not
defining the meaning of “disruptive, offensive, or harmful to

17 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
morale” or making clear that the provision is not intended to
infringe on employees’ right to engage in Section 7 activity.
Consequently, I find that the provision would reasonably tend
to chill employees in the exercise of their Section 7 activities.
For example, employees would be discouraged from emailing
coworkers about methods of addressing objectionable terms
and conditions of employment, criticizing management’s ac-
tions, or emailing complaints to their union or employee repre-
sentative protesting their terms and conditions of employment.
See Costco Wholesale Corp., 358 NLRB 1100, 1101 (2012)
(rule unlawful that subjected employees to discipline, including
termination, for any electronic posting that damaged the com-
pany, defamed any individual, or damaged any person’s reputa-
tion). Regarding the case at hand, the General Counsel rightly
notes that “it is not difficult to entertain the possibility that
some employees will make statements critical of Respondents
or statements in favor of unionization that though polarizing in
the workplace and likely to create schism are nonetheless pro-
tected communications. Respondent’s policy admits of no
limitations that would give employees some assurance that their
Section 7 rights remain uninhibited.” (GC Br. 32–33.)
Section 3.4 of the Acceptable Use Policy lists various re-
strictions on employees’ uses of the Respondent’s information
and communication resources. Section 3.4 reads in relevant
part:
Any use that advocates, disparages, or solicits for religious
causes, political causes, or non-company related outside or-
ganizations.
(Stipulation App., tab 6 at 2.)
The General Counsel contends that the provision is overly
broad because “it sweeps within its prohibition “advocating,”
“disparaging,” or “soliciting” for “political causes” or “non-
company” outside organizations. These reasonably may be
interpreted by employees to apply to protected Section 7 activi-
ties relating to mundane union organizing activity.” (GC Br,
33.) However, the Respondent counters that Register-Guard is
controlling; and there are no allegations or evidence of discrim-
inatory application of section 3.4.
I agree that this language is unlawfully overbroad. Since
Register-Guard has been overturned by Purple Communica-
tions and applied retroactively by the Board, the Respondent’s
first argument fails. Although section 3.4 of the Acceptable
Use Policy does not explicitly restrict Section 7 rights, I find
that employees would reasonably interpret the rule to prohibit
Section 7 activity. The Board established standards for as-
sessing whether work rules are unlawfully overbroad. In Lafa-
yette Park, supra, the Board held, “The appropriate inquiry is
whether the rules would reasonably tend to chill employees in
the exercise of their Section 7 rights. Where the rules are likely
to have a chilling effect on Section 7 rights, the Board may
conclude that their maintenance is an unfair labor practice even
absent evidence of enforcement.” Id. at 828. The Board further
opined in Albertson’s, Inc., 351 NLRB 254, 259 (2007), “In
determining whether an employer’s maintenance of a work rule
reasonably tends to chill employees in the exercise of Section 7
rights, the Board will give the work rule a reasonable reading
and refrain from reading particular phrases in isolation.”
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 23
While section 3.4 of the Respondent’s Acceptable Use Poli-
cy does not explicitly restrict Section 7 activities, it is clear that
an employee reading the provision could reasonably construe it
as restricting his or her rights to engage in protected concerted
activities, including unionizing efforts. Advocating on behalf
of unionization and disparaging management’s actions as they
pertain to terms and conditions of employment are the epitome
of Section 7 activity. If employees were engaged in a conten-
tious relationship with management over terms and conditions
of employment or in the middle of a union organizing cam-
paign, it is not unreasonable for employees to believe that this
provision would apply to their efforts. For example, CWA is a
“non-company organization”, and section 3.4 does not clearly
exclude protected communications with CWA, any other union,
or “non-company organization” involved a unionization effort.
Second, the term “political causes” as used in the provision is
ambiguous; as to the nature of what type of “causes” the Re-
spondent deems are “political.” The Respondent’s perception
of “political causes” might be more expansive or restrictive
than one, more, or all of its employees. The provision does not
give parameters within which to judge the meaning of that
term, via examples or a clarifying definition. The Board has
consistently held that ambiguous work rules are construed
against the employer, and so it shall be in this case. Flex Frac
Logistics, 358 NLRB 1131, 1132; Brunswick Corp., 282 NLRB
794 (1987).
Accordingly, I find that sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the Respond-
ent’s Acceptable Use Policy violate Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
2. Acceptable Use Policy – Section 4.4
Section 4.4 reads:
Users may not permit non-approved individuals access to in-
formation or information resources, or any information trans-
mitted by, received from, printed from, or stored in these re-
sources, without prior written approval from an authorized T-
Mobile representative.
(Stipulation App., Tab 6 at 3.)
The General Counsel contends that if Register-Guard is over-
turned, section 4.4, which also applies to MetroPCS, violates
the Act because the policy “would on its face prohibit an em-
ployee from obtaining any work policies stored or accessed
through Respondents’ systems and providing such information
to a union representative.” (GC Br. 30.) Again, the Respond-
ent18 counters that the provision’s intent is to ensure that its
communications systems are not used by nonapproved individ-
uals and “would not reasonably be read to restrict, any rights
guaranteed to employees.” (R. Br. 20.)
Since Register-Guard has been overturned by the Board and
a new standard established under Purple Communications, I
must find that section 4.4 of the Respondent’s Acceptable Use
Policy violates the Act under the new standard.
Although the provision at issue does not explicitly prohibit
employees from allowing union representatives access to in-
formation from or stored in the Respondent’s email systems, it
does not clarify that union representatives or other individuals

18 In this section, “the Respondent” refers to T-Mobile.
engaged in concerted protected activities are excluded from this
provision. The provision covers “all non-public T-Mobile in-
formation and any communication resource owned, leased, or
operated by or for T-Mobile, and computers or devices, includ-
ing those belonging to employees or contractors to the extent
that these resources are used for T-Mobile business purposes.”
(Stipulation App., tab 6.) Consequently, documents that em-
ployees want to share with their union representatives about
working conditions, wages, benefits, or other terms and condi-
tions of employment would fall within the provision’s re-
strictions. Likewise, employees who have authorization to use
the email system would be prohibited from engaging in con-
certed activity with fellow employees who have not received
prior written approval from the Respondent to access infor-
mation or “any information transmitted by, received from,
printed from, or stored in these resources. . . .” (Stipulation
App., tab 6.) The Respondent’s rule as written would reasona-
bly be read by employees to prohibit them from disclosing
information exchanged on the Respondent’s email system
which pertains to documents or discussions of wage and salary
information, disciplinary actions, performance evaluations, and
other subjects that are protected discussions among coworkers
and, or their representatives under Section 7 of the Act. See
Hyundai, 860, 870–871 (the Board adopted the administrative
law judge’s finding that the employer’s rule “failed to limit the
prohibition on the disclosure of information to those matters
that are truly confidential, and which do not involve terms and
conditions of employment.”
Accordingly, I find that section 4.4 of the Respondent’s Ac-
ceptable Use Policy, which was also used by MetroPCS, is
overbroad in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
I. Code of Business Conduct: “Commitment to Integrity”
A provision, “Commitment to Integrity” in T-Mobile’s Code
of Business Conduct sets out unacceptable conduct for employ-
ees. The language at issue provides as follows:
Making slanderous or detrimental comments about the Com-
pany, its customers, the Company’s products or services, or
Company employees
Arguing or fighting with co-workers, subordinates or supervi-
sors; failing to treat others with respect;’ or failing to demon-
strate appropriate teamwork
(Stipulation App., tab 2 at13.)
The General Counsel alleges that the provision which addresses
“detrimental comments” is overbroad because “this rule fails to
define or otherwise limit the meaning of “detrimental” as used
in this work rule so it may be reasonably clear to employees
what conduct is prohibited.” (GC Br. 36.) Further, the General
Counsel contends that a second provision is also ambiguous
and overbroad because it fails to specifically define the type of
conduct or subject that is prohibited. (GC Br. 38.) The Re-
spondent19 reiterates its position that its work rules cannot be
reasonably interpreted by employees as restricting activities
that are protected by Section 7 of the Act.

19 In this section of the decision, “the Respondent” refers to T-
Mobile.
24 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
I find that the paragraph prohibiting “detrimental comments”
about the Respondent is unlawful on its face because employ-
ees would reasonably construe the language as prohibiting Sec-
tion 7 protected activity. In numerous decisions, the Board has
consistently held that rules precluding negative conversations
about coworkers or mangers are facially invalid. In Hills &
Dales General Hospital, 360 NLRB No. 70 (2014), the Board
again reiterated this proposition by finding unlawful the em-
ployer’s rule prohibiting “negative comments” about coworkers
and managers and engaging in “negativity.” The rule at issue is
similar to Hills & Dales General Hospital and other Board
cases that have consistently held such rules are unlawful be-
cause of their ambiguous and overbroad nature. See, e.g.,
Claremont Resort & Spa, 344 NLRB 832, 832 (2005) (rule
prohibiting negative comments about coworkers and managers
unlawful on its face); 2 Sisters Food Group, 357 NLRB 1816,
1817 (2011) (rule held unlawful because threatened employees
with discipline for the “inability or unwillingness to work har-
moniously with other employees”).
Similarly, the second paragraph at issue violates the Act be-
cause it is so ambiguous that employees would reasonably con-
strue the language as prohibiting Section 7 protected activity.
Based on the plain language of the provision, employees could
reasonably interpret it to prohibit heated discussions and argu-
ments about terms and conditions of employment, arguments in
support of or against unionization, or a myriad of other protect-
ed subjects. Moreover, there is no context for one to under-
stand the Respondent’s definition of “failing to treat others with
respect” or “failure to demonstrate appropriate teamwork.” The
language in this rule is nearly identical to conduct rules which
the Board, in other cases, has found to be so ambiguous and
overbroad that employees would reasonably interpret the rule to
prohibit Section 7 protected activities. See, e.g., Roomstore,
357 NLRB 1690, 1690 (2011) (employer violated the Act by
establishing and enforcing a rule that “prohibit[s] any type of
negative energy or attitudes” because it is unlawfully over-
broad); University Medical Center, 335 NLRB 1318, 1321
(2001) (unlawfully overbroad rule that prohibited “insubordina-
tion . . . or other disrespectful conduct towards service integra-
tors and coordinators and other individuals”); Hills & Dales
General Hospital, slip op. at 2 (Board found unlawful work
rule mandating that employees “represent [the employer] in the
community in a positive and professional manner”).
Accordingly, I find that the provisions identified above in the
Respondent’s Code of Business Conduct – Commitment to
Integrity violate Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
J. Employee Acknowledgment Form
It has been stipulated to by the parties that T-Mobile and
MetroPCS share the Employee Acknowledgment Form at issue.
(Stipulation App., tab 4.) The General Counsel argues that the
form violates the Act “because it requires employees to comply
with the overbroad and discriminatory rules and tasks employ-
ees with assisting in enforcement of the work rules.” (GC Br.
20.) The Respondent demands that the allegation be dismissed
because the General Counsel admits the language of the form is
not, “in of itself, unlawful.” (R. Br. 26.)
I find that the Employee Acknowledgment Form violates the
Act because it requires employees to comply with the rules that
I have previously found were overly broad and discriminatory.
The form also requires employees to report violations of those
rules and cooperate and participate in “any investigation con-
ducted by the Company or its designees related to these issues.”
Stipulation App., tab 4.) As in the case of the rules I found
were overly broad and discriminatory, the requirement that
employees comply with and participate in the enforcement of
such policies and rules would have a chilling effect on employ-
ees’ exercise of their Section 7 rights.
Accordingly, I find that the Employee Acknowledgement
Form at issue violates Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. The Respondent, T-Mobile USA, Inc., is an employer en-
gaged in commerce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6),
and (7) of the Act.
2. The Respondent, MetroPCS Communications, Inc., is an
employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
3. The Communication Workers of America is a labor or-
ganization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
4. The Communication Workers of America, Local 7011,
AFL–CIO is a labor organization within the meaning of Section
2(5) of the Act.
5. Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by:
(a) Maintaining a rule in the employee handbook Purpose
section of its handbook stating that the handbook is a proprie-
tary and confidential document which may not be disclosed to
or used by any third party without our written consent.
(b) Maintaining in the Business Practice-Internal Investiga-
tion section of the Respondent’s handbook a rule that requires
our employees to maintain the confidentiality of the names of
employees involved in investigations as complainants, subjects
or witnesses.
(c) Promulgating and maintaining in its handbook a Wage
and Hour Complaint Procedure that suggests that the only
method of addressing a wage payment or improper deduction
dispute or dispute of rest and meal periods is to contact a man-
ager or HR business partner, or the Respondent’s integrity line.
(d) Promulgating and maintaining a Communications with
the Media Employee policy in the handbook that requires em-
ployees to refer all media inquiries to the Respondent without
comment, and without informing employees that they may
choose to speak to the media on issues concerning their wages,
hours, and working conditions, or a union organizing campaign.
(e) Promulgating and maintaining an Acceptable Use Policy
with ambiguous language that prohibits the use of the Respond-
ent’s information or communications resources in ways that
could be considered disruptive, offensive, or harmful to morale,
and prohibits use that advocates disparages, or solicits for polit-
ical causes, or noncompany-related outside organizations, and
promulgating and maintaining as part of the Acceptance Use
Policy a prohibition against permitting nonapproved individuals
to access information or information resources, or any infor-
mation transmitted by, received from, printed from, or stored in
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 25
these resources, without the Respondent’s prior written approv-
al.
(f) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign a Re-
strictive and Confidentiality Agreement that classifies employ-
ee wage and salary information as confidential and proprietary
information not subject to disclosure.
(g) Maintaining in its Code of Business Conduct a Confiden-
tiality and Information Security work rule that prohibits disclo-
sure of employee information that is defined to include em-
ployee addresses, telephone numbers, and contact information,
and prohibits employee access to such employee information
without a business need to do so and without the Respondent’s
prior authorization or consent of employees.
(h) Maintaining in its Code of Business Conduct maintain a
Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information rule that prohibits
employees from disclosing employee information, such as em-
ployee addresses and other contact information, except for a
business purpose, and suggests employees may be disciplined
or subject to legal action if they disclose such information for
other than a business reason.
(i) Maintaining in its Code of Business Conduct an ambigu-
ous Commitment to Integrity rule that makes unacceptable
making detrimental comments about the Respondent or its
products and services, customers, or employees, and that makes
unacceptable arguing with coworkers, subordinates, or supervi-
sors, or failing to treat others with respect, or failing to demon-
strate appropriate team work.
(j) Maintaining a work rule that requires employees to sign
Employee Acknowledgement forms that require them to com-
ply with unlawful work rules or require them to report to the
Respondent employees who do not comply with any of those
work rules and policies that have been found to be unlawful.
6. The above violations are an unfair labor practices that af-
fects commerce within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of
the Act.
7. The Respondent has not violated the Act except as set
forth above.
8. I recommend dismissing that portion of the consolidated
complaints which allege that the Respondent violated Section
8(a)(1) of the Act when:
(a) It promulgated and maintained an ambiguous rule in the
handbook section entitled Workplace Conduct that requires
employees to maintain a positive work environment by com-
municating in a manner conducive to effective working rela-
tionships with internal and external customers, clients, co-
workers, and management.
(b) It promulgated and maintained a rule in the handbook en-
titled Recording in the Workplace-Audio, Video, and Photog-
raphy that prohibits all use of camera phones, cameras, and
audio and video recording devices to record work related or
workplace discussions, and requires employees to seek the
Respondent’s permission prior to engaging in photography,
audio, and video recordings in the workplace.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in a certain
unfair labor practice, I shall order it to cease and desist there-
from and to take certain affirmative action designed to effectu-
ate the policies of the Act.
As I concluded that various provisions in the Respondent’s
employee handbook, Code of Business Conduct, Employee
Acknowledgment Form, and its Restrictive and Confidentiality
Agreement are unlawful, the recommended order requires that
the Respondent revise or rescind the unlawful rules, and advise
its employees in writing that the said rules have been so revised
and rescinded.
Further, the Respondent shall be required to post a notice
that assures its employees that it will respect their rights under
the Act.
On these findings of fact and conclusions of law and on the
entire record, I issue the following recommended20
ORDER
The Respondent, T-Mobile USA, Inc., Bellevue, Washing-
ton, its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Maintaining a rule in the employee handbook Purpose
section of our handbook stating that our handbook is a proprie-
tary and confidential document which may not be disclosed to
or used by any third party without our written consent.
(b) Maintaining in the Business Practice-Internal Investiga-
tion section of our handbook a rule that requires our employees
to maintain the confidentiality of the names of employees in-
volved in investigations as complainants, subjects, or witnesses.
(c) Promulgating and maintaining a policy in the Wage and
Hour Complaint Procedure section of its handbook which sug-
gests that the only method of addressing a wage payment or
improper deduction dispute or dispute of rest and meal periods
is to contact a manager, or HR business partner, or our integrity
line.
(d) Promulgating and maintaining a Communications with
the Media Employee policy in the handbook that requires you
to refer all media inquiries to us without comment, and without
informing you that you may choose to speak to the media on
issues concerning your wages, hours, and working conditions,
or a union organizing campaign.
(e) Promulgating and maintaining an Acceptable Use Policy
with ambiguous language that prohibits the use of our infor-
mation or communications resources in ways that could be
considered disruptive, offensive or harmful to morale, and pro-
hibits use that advocates disparages, or solicits for political
causes, or noncompany-related outside organizations, and
promulgating and maintaining as part of the Acceptance Use
Policy a prohibition against permitting nonapproved individuals
to access information or information resources, or any infor-
mation transmitted by, received from, printed from, or stored in
these resources, without our prior written approval.
(f) Maintaining a rule that requires employees to sign a Re-
strictive and Confidentiality Agreement that classifies employ-

20 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the
Board’s Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recom-
mended Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopt-
ed by the Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for
all purposes.
26 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ee wage and salary information as confidential and proprietary
information not subject to disclosure.
(g) Maintaining in our Code of Business Conduct a Confi-
dentiality and Information Security work rule that prohibits
disclosure of employee information that is defined to include
employee addresses, telephone numbers, and contact infor-
mation, and prohibiting employees access to such employee
information without a business need to do so and without our
prior authorization or consent of employees.
(h) Maintaining in our Code of Business Conduct a Confi-
dentiality of Each Other’s Information rule that prohibits you
from disclosing employee information, such as employee ad-
dresses and other contact information, except for a business
purpose, and suggests you may be disciplined or subject to
legal action if you disclose such information for other than a
business reason.
(i) Maintaining in our Code of Business Conduct maintain an
ambiguous Commitment to Integrity rule that makes unac-
ceptable making detrimental comments about our Company or
its products and services, our customers, or employees, or that
makes unacceptable arguing with coworkers, subordinates, or
supervisors, or failing to treat others with respect, or failing to
demonstrate appropriate team work.
(j) Maintaining a work rule that requires you to sign Em-
ployee Acknowledgement forms that require you to comply
with unlawful work rules or require you to report to us employ-
ees who do not comply with any of our work rules and policies
that have been found to be unlawful.
(k) In any like or related manner interfering with, restraining,
or coercing its employees in the exercise of the rights guaran-
teed to them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to effec-
tuate the purpose and policies of the Act.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of the Board’s Order, revise
or rescind the rules and/or documents found to be unlawful as
set forth above.
(b) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at its fa-
cilities nationwide copies of the attached notice marked “Ap-
pendix.”21 Copies of the notice, on forms provided by the Re-
gional Director for Region 28, after being signed by the Re-
spondent’s authorized representative, shall be posted by the
Respondent and maintained for 60 consecutive days in con-
spicuous places including all places where notices to employees
and members are customarily posted. In addition to physical
posting of paper notices, the notices shall be distributed elec-
tronically, such as by email, posting on an intranet or an inter-
net site, and/or other electronic means, if the Respondent cus-
tomarily communicates with its employees by such means.
Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure
that the notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other
material. In the event that, during the pendency of these pro-
ceedings, the Respondent has gone out of business or closed the

21 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
facility involved in these proceedings, the Respondent shall
duplicate and mail, at its own expense, a copy of the notice to
all current employees and former employees employed by the
Respondent at any time since May 3, 2010.
(c) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file with the
Regional Director a sworn certification of a responsible official
on a form provided by the Region attesting to the steps that the
Respondent has taken to comply.
Dated: Washington, D.C. March 18, 2015
APPENDIX A
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we violated
Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey this no-
tice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on your be-
half
Act together with other employees for your benefit and
protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected activi-
ties.
WE WILL NOT do anything to prevent you from exercising the
above rights.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule in our employee handbook stat-
ing that our employee handbook is a proprietary and confiden-
tial document which may not be disclosed to or used by any
third party without our written consent.
WE WILL NOT maintain in the Business Practice-Internal In-
vestigation section of our employee handbook a rule that re-
quires our employees to maintain the confidentiality of the
names of employees involved in investigations as complain-
ants, subjects or witnesses.
WE WILL NOT promulgate and maintain a policy in our em-
ployee handbook Wage and Hour Complaint Procedure section
that suggests that the only manner to address a wage payment
or improper deduction dispute or dispute of rest and meal peri-
ods is to contact a manager or HR business partner, or our in-
tegrity line.
WE WILL NOT promulgate and maintain a Communications
with the Media provision in the employee handbook policy that
requires you to refer all media inquiries to us without comment,
without informing you that you may choose to speak to the
media on issues concerning your wages, hours, and working
conditions, or a union organizing campaign.
WE WILL NOT promulgate and maintain an Acceptable Use
Policy with ambiguous language that prohibits use of our in-
formation or communications resources in ways that could be
considered disruptive, offensive, or harmful to morale, and use
that advocates disparages, or solicits for political causes, or
noncompany-related outside organizations, and WE WILL NOT
promulgate and maintain as part of the Acceptance Use Policy
T-MOBILE USA, INC. 27
a prohibition against permitting nonapproved individuals to
access information or information resources, or any information
transmitted by, received from, printed from, or stored in these
resources, without our prior written approval.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule that requires employees to sign
a Restrictive and Confidentiality Agreement that classifies em-
ployee wage and salary information as confidential and proprie-
tary information not subject to disclosure.
WE WILL NOT in our Code of Business Conduct maintain a
Confidentiality and Information Security work rule that prohib-
its disclosure of employee information that is defined to include
employee addresses, telephone numbers, and contact infor-
mation, and WE WILL NOT prohibit employee access to such
employee information without a business need to do so and
without our prior authorization or consent of employees.
WE WILL NOT in our Code of Business Conduct maintain a
Confidentiality of Each Other’s Information rule that prohibits
you from disclosing employee information, such as employee
addresses and other contact information, except for a business
purpose, and suggests you may be disciplined or subject to
legal action if you disclose such information for other than a
business reason.
WE WILL NOT in our Code of Business Conduct maintain an
ambiguous Commitment to Integrity rule that makes unac-
ceptable making slanderous or detrimental comments about our
company or its products and services, our customers, or em-
ployees, or that makes unacceptable arguing with coworkers,
subordinates, or supervisors, or failing to treat others with re-
spect, or failing to demonstrate appropriate team work.
WE WILL NOT maintain a work rule that requires you to sign
Employee Acknowledgement forms that require you to comply
with unlawful work rules or require you to report to us employ-
ees who do not comply with any of our work rules and policies
that have been found to be unlawful.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, re-
strain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights listed above.
WE WILL revise or rescind the unlawful provisions of our
employee handbook, Code of Business Conduct, Restrictive
and Confidentiality Agreement, Acceptable Use Policy for
Information and Communication Resources, and Employee
Acknowledgement form, and WE WILL advise our employees in
writing that we have done so and that the unlawful rules will no
longer be enforced, and the unlawful agreements will be re-
moved from their personnel records.
WE WILL allow each employee the opportunity to sign a re-
vised Restrictive and Confidentiality Agreement, and an Em-
ployee Acknowledgement Form that does not contain the pro-
visions that have been found unlawful.
WE WILL furnish you with inserts for the current employee
handbook, Code of Business Conduct, and Acceptable Use
Policy for Information and Communication Resources that (1)
advise you that the unlawful paragraphs in the rules have been
rescinded, or (2) provide the language of lawful rules, or WE
WILL publish and distribute a revised employee handbook, Code
of Business Conduct, and Acceptable Use Policy for Infor-
mation and Communication Resources that (1) does not contain
the unlawful paragraphs, or (2) provides the language of lawful
rules.
T-MOBILE USA, INC.
The Administrative Law Judge’s decision can be found at
www.nlrb.gov/case/28–CA–106758 or by using the QR code
below. Alternatively, you can obtain a copy of the decision
from the Executive Secretary, National Labor Relations Board,
1015 Half Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20570, or by calling
(202) 273–1940.
APPENDIX B
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we violated
Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey this no-
tice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on your be-
half
Act together with other employees for your benefit and
protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected activi-
ties.
WE WILL NOT do anything to prevent you from exercising the
above rights.
WE WILL NOT maintain in the Business Practice-Internal In-
vestigation section of our employee handbook a rule that re-
quires our employees to maintain the confidentiality of the
names of employees involved in investigations as complain-
ants, subjects or witnesses.
WE WILL NOT maintain a rule that requires employees to sign
a Restrictive and Confidentiality Agreement that classifies em-
ployee wage and salary information as confidential and proprie-
tary information not subject to disclosure.
WE WILL NOT in our Code of Business Conduct maintain a
Confidentiality and Information Security work rule that prohib-
its disclosure of employee information that is defined to include
employee addresses, telephone numbers, and contact infor-
mation, and WE WILL NOT prohibit employee access to such
employee information without a business need to do so and
without our prior authorization or consent of employees.
WE WILL NOT maintain a work rule that requires you to sign
an Employee Acknowledgement Form that require you to com-
ply with unlawful work rules or require you to report to us em-
28 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
ployees who do not comply with any of our work rules and
policies that have been found to be unlawful.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, re-
strain, or coerce you in the exercise of the rights listed above.
WE WILL revise or rescind the unlawful provisions of our
employee handbook, Code of Business Conduct, Restrictive
and Confidentiality Agreement, and Employee Acknowledge-
ment form, and WE WILL advise our employees in writing that
we have done so and that the unlawful rules will no longer be
enforced, and the unlawful agreements will be removed from
their personnel records.
WE WILL allow each employee the opportunity to sign a re-
vised Restrictive and Confidentiality Agreement, and an Em-
ployee Acknowledgement Form that does not contain the pro-
visions that have been found unlawful.
WE WILL furnish you with inserts for the current employee
handbook, and Code of Business Conduct (1) advise you that
the unlawful paragraphs in the rules have been rescinded, or (2)
provide the language of lawful rules, or WE WILL publish and
distribute a revised employee handbook and Code of Business
Conduct that (1) does not contain the unlawful paragraphs, or
(2) provides the language of lawful rules.
METROPCS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
The Administrative Law Judge’s decision can be found at
www.nlrb.gov/case/28–CA–106758 or by using the QR code
below. Alternatively, you can obtain a copy of the decision
from the Executive Secretary, National Labor Relations Board,
1015 Half Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20570, or by calling
(202) 273–1940.